His fiction has polarized literary critics and the reading public. He has sometimes been criticised byJapan's literary establishment as un-Japanese, leading to Murakami's recalling that he was a "black sheep in the Japanese literary world".[16][17][18] Meanwhile, Murakami has been described byGary Fisketjon, the editor of Murakami's collectionThe Elephant Vanishes (1993), as a "truly extraordinary writer", while Steven Poole ofThe Guardian praised Murakami as "among the world's greatest living novelists" for his oeuvre.[19][20]
Murakami met Yoko Takahashi in Tokyo and they married straight out of university.[31] She ran the jazz bar with Murakami in Tokyo, having more business experience than he did when it first opened. The coupledecided not to have children.[22][32]
Murakami is an experienced marathon runner and triathlon enthusiast, though he did not start running until he was 33 years old, after he began as a way to stay healthy. On June 23, 1996, he completed his firstultramarathon, a 100 km race aroundLake Saroma inHokkaido, Japan.[33] He discussed running and its effect on his creative life in a 2007 memoir,What I Talk About When I Talk About Running.[34]
Murakami began to write fiction when he was 29.[35] "Before that," he said, "I didn't write anything. I was just one of those ordinary people. I was running a jazz club, and I didn't create anything at all."[36] He was inspired to write his first novel,Hear the Wind Sing (1979), while watching abaseball game.[37] He described the moment he realized he could write as a "warm sensation" he could still feel in his heart.[38] He went home and began writing that night. Murakami worked onHear the Wind Sing for ten months in very brief stretches, during nights, after working days at the bar.[39] He completed the novel and sent it to the only literary contest that would accept a work of that length, winning first prize.
Murakami's initial success withHear the Wind Sing encouraged him to continue writing. A year later, he published a sequel,Pinball, 1973. In 1981, he co-wrote a short story collection,Yume de Aimashou withShigesato Itoi. In 1982, he publishedA Wild Sheep Chase, a critical success.Hear the Wind Sing,Pinball, 1973, andA Wild Sheep Chase form theTrilogy of the Rat (a sequel,Dance, Dance, Dance, was written later but is not considered part of the series), centered on the same unnamed narrator and his friend, "the Rat". The first two novels were not widely available in English translation outside Japan until 2015, although an English edition, translated byAlfred Birnbaum with extensive notes, had been published byKodansha as part of a series intended for Japanese students of English. Murakami considers his first two novels to be "immature" and "flimsy",[39] and has not been eager to have them translated into English.A Wild Sheep Chase, he says, was "the first book where I could feel a kind of sensation, the joy of telling a story. When you read a good story, you just keep reading. When I write a good story, I just keep writing."[40]
In 1985, Murakami wroteHard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World, a dream-like fantasy that took the magical elements of his work to a new extreme. Murakami achieved a major breakthrough and national recognition in 1987 with the publication ofNorwegian Wood, a nostalgic story of loss and sexuality. It sold millions of copies among young Japanese.[41]
Norwegian Wood propelled the barely known Murakami into the spotlight. He was mobbed at airports and other public places, leading to his departure from Japan in 1986.[42] Murakami traveled through Europe, lived in the United States and currently resides inOiso, Kanagawa, with an office in Tokyo.[43]
The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1995) fuses the realistic and fantastic and contains elements of physical violence. It is also more socially conscious than his previous work, dealing in part with the difficult topic ofwar crimes in Manchukuo (Northeast China). The novel won theYomiuri Prize, awarded by one of Murakami's harshest former critics,Kenzaburō Ōe, who himself won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.[45]
The processing ofcollective trauma soon became an important theme in Murakami's writing, which had previously been more personal in nature. Murakami returned to Japan in the aftermath of theKobe earthquake and theAum Shinrikyo gas attack.[27] He came to terms with these events with his first work of non-fiction,Underground, and the short story collectionafter the quake.Underground consists largely of interviews of victims of the gas attacks in the Tokyo subway system.
In 1996, in a conversation with the psychologist Hayao Kawai, Murakami explained that he changed his position from one of "detachment" to one of "commitment" after staying in the United States in the 1990s.[46] He calledThe Wind-up Bird Chronicle a turning point in his career, marking this change in focus.
Murakami took an active role in translation of his work into English, encouraging "adaptations" of his texts to American reality rather than direct translation. Some of his works that appeared in German turned out to be translations from English rather than Japanese (South of the Border, West of the Sun, 2000;The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, 2000s), encouraged by Murakami himself. Both were later re-translated from Japanese.[47]
Sputnik Sweetheart was first published in 1999, followed byKafka on the Shore in 2002, with the English translation following in 2005.Kafka on the Shore won theWorld Fantasy Award in 2006.[48] The English version of his novelAfter Dark was released in May 2007. It was chosen byThe New York Times as a "notable book of the year".[49] In late 2005, Murakami published a collection of short stories titledTōkyō Kitanshū, or 東京奇譚集, which translates loosely as "Mysteries of Tokyo". A collection of the English versions of twenty-four short stories, titledBlind Willow, Sleeping Woman, was published in August 2006. This collection includes both older works from the 1980s as well as some of Murakami's more recent short stories, including all five that appear inTōkyō Kitanshū.
In 2004, Murakami was interviewed byJohn Wray for the 182nd installment ofThe Paris Review's "The Art of Fiction" interview series. Recorded over the course of two afternoons, the interview addressed the change in tone and style of his more recent works at the time—such asafter the quake—his myriad of Western influences ranging fromFyodor Dostoevsky toJohn Irving, and his collaborative process with the many translators he has worked with over the course of his career.[39]
Shinchosha Publishing published Murakami's novel1Q84 in Japan on May 29, 2009.1Q84 is pronounced "ichi kyū hachi yon", the same as1984, as9 is also pronounced "kyū" inJapanese.[52] The book was longlisted for theMan Asian Literary Prize in 2011. However, after the2012 anti-Japanese demonstrations in China, Murakami's books were removed from sale there, along with those of other Japanese authors.[53][54] Murakami criticized the China–Japan political territorial dispute, characterizing the overwrought nationalistic response as "cheap liquor" which politicians were giving to the public.[55] In April 2013, he published his novelColorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. It became an international bestseller but received mixed reviews.[56][57]
In 2015, Switch Publishing published Murakami's essay collectionNovelist as a Vocation in Japan, featuring insights and commentaries on Murakami's life and career. The essay collection was later translated into English byPhilip Gabriel and Ted Goossen and released byAlfred A. Knopf on November 8, 2022.[58]
Killing Commendatore (Kishidanchō-goroshi) was published in Japan on February 24, 2017, and in the US in October 2018. The novel is about an unnamed portrait painter who stumbles upon an unknown painting, titledKilling Commendatore, after assuming residence in its creator's former abode. Since its publication, the novel has caused controversy in Hong Kong and was labeled under "Class II – indecent" in Hong Kong.[59] This classification led to mass amounts ofcensorship.[citation needed] The publisher must not distribute the book to people under the age of 18, and must have a warning label printed on the cover.
Murakami's most recent novelThe City and Its Uncertain Walls was published by Shinchosha in Japan on April 13, 2023.[60][61] His first novel in six years, it is 1,200-pages long and is set in a "soul-stirring, 100% pure Murakami world" that involves "a story that had long been sealed".[62] In promoting his latest book, Murakami stated that he believed that the pandemic and the ongoingRussian invasion of Ukraine have created walls that divide people, fueling fear and skepticism instead of mutual trust.[63] The novel is based on a 1980 novella written by Murakami, which he says he was never satisfied with.[64] In an interview withThe Guardian, Murakami states, "The situation of the town surrounded by walls was also a metaphor of the worldwide lockdown. How is it possible for both extreme isolation and warm feelings of empathy to coexist?"[64]
In July 2024,The New Yorker published Murakami's short story "Kaho", in which a man goes on a blind date with a woman named Kaho and ends it with an insult, which is also the first line of the story.[65]
Most of Haruki Murakami's works usefirst-person narrative in the tradition of the JapaneseI-novel. He states that because family plays a significant role in traditional Japanese literature, any main character who is independent becomes a man who values freedom and solitude over intimacy.[39] Also notable is Murakami's unique humor, as seen in his 2000 short story collectionAfter the Quake. In the story "Superfrog Saves Tokyo", the protagonist is confronted with a six-foot-tall frog that talks about the destruction of Tokyo over a cup of tea. In spite of the story's sober tone, Murakami feels the reader should be entertained once the seriousness of a subject has been broached.[citation needed] Another notable feature of Murakami's stories are the comments that come from the main characters as to how strange the story presents itself. Murakami explains that his characters experience what he experiences as he writes, which could be compared to a movie set where the walls and props are all fake.[39] He has further compared the process of writing to movies: "That is one of the joys of writing fiction—I'm making my own film made just for myself."[66]
Murakami's writing is often described asmagical realism withsurreal elements.[67] His novels are described as being acted experiences rather than linear stories, with characters doing things without reasoning or explanation.[67] Murakami himself however does not consider his writing to be surrealistic or magical realism: "I simply write the stories that I want to write, and in a style that suits me. When I write fiction, the story sort of moves on ahead naturally, like flowing water following the lay of the land. All I'm doing is putting this flow into words, as faithfully as I can."[68]
Some analyses see aspects ofshamanism in his writing. In a 2000 article, Susan Fisher connectedShinto or Japanese shamanism with some elements ofThe Wind-Up Bird Chronicle,[72] such as a descent into a dry well. At an October 2013 symposium held at theUniversity of Hawaiʻi,[73] associate professor of Japanese Nobuko Ochner opined "there were many descriptions of traveling in a parallel world as well as characters who have some connection to shamanism"[74] in Murakami's works.
In an October 2022 article forThe Atlantic, Murakami clarified that nearly none of thecharacters in his work has been created based on individuals in real life, as many people alleged. He wrote: "I almost never decide in advance that I'll present a particular type of character. As I write, a kind of axis forms that makes possible the appearance of certain characters, and I go ahead and fit one detail after another into place, like iron scraps attaching to a magnet. And in this way an overall picture of a person materializes. Afterward I often think that certain details resemble those of a real person, but most of the process happens automatically. I think I almost unconsciously pull information and various fragments from the cabinets in my brain and then weave them together." Murakami named this process "the Automatic Dwarfs." He continued: "One of the things I most enjoy about writing novels is the sense that I can become anybody I want to be," noting that "Characters who are—in a literary sense—alive will eventually break free of the writer's control and begin to act independently."[75]
Murakami was also awarded the 2007Kiriyama Prize for Fiction for his collection of short storiesBlind Willow, Sleeping Woman, but according to the prize's official website, Murakami "declined to accept the award for reasons of personal principle".[79]
In January 2009, Murakami received theJerusalem Prize, a biennial literary award given to writers whose work deals with themes of human freedom, society, politics, and government. There were protests in Japan and elsewhere against his attending the February award ceremony inIsrael, including threats to boycott his work as a response againstIsrael's recent bombing ofGaza. Murakami chose to attend the ceremony, but gave a speech to the gathered Israeli dignitaries harshly criticizing Israeli policies.[81] Murakami said, "Each of us possesses a tangible living soul. The system has no such thing. We must not allow the system to exploit us."[82] The same year he was named Knight of theOrder of Arts and Letters of Spain.[83]
In 2011, Murakami donated his €80,000 winnings from the International Catalunya Prize (from theGeneralitat de Catalunya) to the victims of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, and to those affected by theFukushima nuclear disaster. Accepting the award, he said in his speech that the situation at the Fukushima plant was "the second major nuclear disaster that the Japanese people have experienced ... however, this time it was not a bomb being dropped upon us, but a mistake committed by our very own hands". According to Murakami, the Japanese people should have rejected nuclear power after having "learned through the sacrifice of thehibakusha just how badly radiation leaves scars on the world and human wellbeing".[84]
In recent years, Haruki Murakami has often been mentioned as a possible recipient of theNobel Prize in Literature.[17] Nonetheless, since all nomination records are sealed for 50 years from the awarding of the prize, it is pure speculation.[85] When asked about the possibility of being awarded the Nobel Prize, Murakami responded with a laugh saying "No, I don't want prizes. That means you're finished."[17]
In 2018, he was nominated for theNew Academy Prize in Literature.[90] He requested that his nomination be withdrawn, saying he wanted to "concentrate on writing, away from media attention."[91]
In 2018,Waseda University in Tokyo agreed to house the archives of Haruki Murakami, including his manuscripts, source documents, and music collection. Later in September 2021, architectKengo Kuma announced the opening of theWaseda International House of Literature, a library dedicated entirely to Murakami's works atWaseda University, which would include more than 3,000 works by Murakami, including translations into more than 50 other languages.[102]
The library, officially known as the Waseda International House of Literature or the Haruki Murakami Library, opened on October 1, 2021. In addition to its vast collection of written material, the library also hosts a coffee shop run byWaseda University students—called Orange Cat, after Murakami's Peter Cat jazz bar from his twenties—in addition to a listening lounge where visitors can listen to records collected by Murakami himself.[103]
Murakami's first novel,Hear the Wind Sing (Kaze no uta o kike), was adapted by Japanese directorKazuki Ōmori. The film was released in 1981 and distributed byArt Theatre Guild.[104] Naoto Yamakawa directed two short films,Attack on the Bakery (released in 1982) andA Girl, She is 100 Percent (released in 1983), based on Murakami's short stories "Bakery Attack" and "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning", respectively.[105] Japanese directorJun Ichikawa adapted Murakami's short story "Tony Takitani" into a 75-minute feature.[106]The film played at various film festivals and was released in New York and Los Angeles on July 29, 2005. The original short story, translated into English byJay Rubin, is available in the April 15, 2002, issue ofThe New Yorker, as a stand-alone book published by Cloverfield Press, and part ofBlind Willow, Sleeping Woman byKnopf. In 1998, the German filmThe Polar Bear (German:Der Eisbär), written and directed by Granz Henman, used elements of Murakami's short story "The Second Bakery Attack" in three intersecting story lines. "The Second Bakery Attack" was also adapted as a short film in 2010,[107] directed byCarlos Cuarón, starringKirsten Dunst and as part of a segment in the South Korean omnibus filmAcoustic.
Murakami's work was also adapted for the stage in a 2003 play entitledThe Elephant Vanishes, co-produced by Britain'sComplicite company and Japan'sSetagaya Public Theatre. The production, directed bySimon McBurney, adapted three of Murakami's short stories and received acclaim for its unique blending of multimedia (video, music, and innovative sound design) with actor-driven physical theater (mime, dance, and even acrobatic wire work).[108] On tour, the play was performed in Japanese, withsupertitle translations for European and American audiences.
OnMax Richter's 2006 albumSongs from Before,Robert Wyatt reads passages from Murakami's novels. In 2007, Robert Logevall adapted "All God's Children Can Dance" into a film, with a soundtrack composed by American jam bandSound Tribe Sector 9. In 2008, Tom Flint adapted "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning" into a short film. The film was screened at the 2008CON-CAN Movie Festival. The film was viewed, voted, and commented upon as part of the audience award for the movie festival.[111]
It was announced in July 2008 that French-Vietnamese directorTran Anh Hung would direct an adaptation of Murakami's novelNorwegian Wood.[112]The film was released in Japan on December 11, 2010.[113]
In 2013, pianist Eunbi Kim debuted a performance piece, titled "Murakami Music: Stories of Loss and Nostalgia", drawn from excerpts of Murakami's work as part of her artist residency atThe Cell Theatre inNew York City. Excerpts included Reiko's monologue fromNorwegian Wood (novel), as well as the self-titled song ofKafka on the Shore. The performance piece was acted by Laura Yumi Snell and directed by Kira Simring.[116] From 2013 to 2014, Kim and Snell performed across the United States, notably with a premiere atSymphony Space and a showing atGeorgetown University.[117][118]
In 2022,Confessions of a Shinagawa Monkey was translated into Yorùbá by Nigerian linguistKola Tubosun, making it the first time a Murakami story would be translated into an African language.[128]
In 2023, Jean-Christophe Deveney began adapting nine of Murakami's short stories into a three-volumeoriginal English-language manga series illustrated by PGML and published byTuttle Publishing.[129] The first and second volumes ofHaruki Murakami Manga Stories adaptSuper-Frog Saves Tokyo,The Seventh Man,Birthday Girl,Where I'm Likely to Find It,The Second Bakery Attack,Samsa in Love, andThailand, while the upcoming final volume will adaptScheherezade andSleep.
Murakami enjoys baseball and describes himself as a fan of theTokyo Yakult Swallows. In his 2015 essay forLiterary Hub "The Moment I Became a Novelist", Murakami describes how attending a Swallow's game inJingu Stadium in 1978 led to a personal epiphany in which he decided to write his first novel.[131]
Haruki Murakami is a fan of crime novels. During his high school days while living inKōbe, he would buy paperbacks from second hand book stores and learned to read English. The first book that he read in English wasThe Name is Archer, written byRoss Macdonald in 1955. Other writers he was interested in includedLeo Tolstoy andFyodor Dostoyevsky.[39]
Murakami also has a passion for listening to music, especiallyclassical andjazz. When he was around 15, he began to develop an interest in jazz after attending anArt Blakey and the Jazz Messengers concert in Kobe.[132] He later opened the Peter Cat, acoffeehouse and jazz bar. Murakami has said that music, like writing, is a mental journey.[39] At one time he aspired to be a musician, but because he could not play instruments well he decided to become a writer instead.[39]
In an interview withThe Guardian, Murakami stated his belief that his surreal books appeal to people especially in times of turmoil and political chaos.[133] He stated that "I was so popular in the 1990s in Russia, at the time they were changing from theSoviet Union – there was big confusion, and people in confusion like my books" and "In Germany, when theBerlin Wall fell down, there was confusion – and people liked my books."[133]
Murakami toldThe New York Times Magazine in 2011, "I think of myself as a political person, but I don't state my political messages to anybody."[134] Comparing himself toGeorge Orwell, he views himself as standing "against the system."[134] In 2009, whilst accepting an award in Israel, he expressed his political views as:
If there is a hard, high wall and an egg that breaks against it, no matter how right the wall or how wrong the egg, I will stand on the side of the egg. Why? Because each of us is an egg, a unique soul enclosed in a fragile egg. Each of us is confronting a high wall. The high wall is the system which forces us to do the things we would not ordinarily see fit to do as individuals.[135]
Murakami stated that it is natural for China and the Koreas to continue to feel resentment towards Japan for its wartime aggressions. "Fundamentally, Japanese people tend not to have an idea that they were also assailants, and the tendency is getting clearer," he said.[136][137] In another interview, Murakami stated: "The issue of historical understanding carries great significance, and I believe it is important that Japan makes straightforward apologies. I think that is all Japan can do – apologise until the countries say: 'We don't necessarily get over it completely, but you have apologised enough. Alright, let's leave it now.'"[138]
In January 2015, Murakami expressed support forsame-sex marriage, which is not recognised in Japan, when responding to a reader's question about his stance on the issue.[139]
In August 2021, during one of his radio shows, Murakami criticized prime ministerYoshihide Suga over the handling of theCOVID-19 pandemic in Japan, suggesting Suga had ignored a surge in Covid cases and public concerns about the state of the pandemic. Murakami quoted Suga as saying "an exit is now in our sight after a long tunnel" and added, in criticism, that "If he really saw an exit, his eyes must be extremely good for his age. I'm of the same age as Mr. Suga, but I don't see any exit at all."[140][141]
In 2022, during theRussian invasion of Ukraine, which was part of the largerRussian-Ukrainian war, Murakami called for peace. He prepared a special radio program calling for peace. Murakami featured in the program around ten musical pieces that encouraged an end to the war and a "focus on the preciousness of life".[142][143]
This is an incomplete bibliography as not all works published by Murakami in Japanese have been translated into English.[b]Kanji titles are given withHepburn romanization. (Original titles entirely in transcribed English are given as "katakana /romaji = English".)
Birthday Stories (anthology of stories by various authors selected and translated by Murakami, featuring one original story, "Birthday Girl," later collected inBlind Willow, Sleeping Woman)
2004
ふしぎな図書館 Fushigi na toshokan
2005
The Strange Library (illustrated children's novella, revised from his 1982 short storyToshokan kitan)[ac][ad]
^"Source". Geocities.jp.Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. RetrievedApril 6, 2013.
^The Elephant Vanishes was first a 1993 English-language compilation, whose Japanese counterpart was released in 2005. (See also the collection's articleja:象の消滅 短篇選集 1980–1991 in Japanese.)
^A longer version of "New York Mining Disaster" (ニューヨーク炭鉱の悲劇,Nyū Yōku tankō no higeki) was first published in magazine in 1981, then a shorter revised version collected in 1990. (See alsoja:ニューヨーク炭鉱の悲劇 (村上春樹) in Japanese.)
^The short story "Crabs" (蟹,Kani) was first published nested within the untranslated story "Baseball Field" (野球場,Yakyūjō) in 1984, then cut out and revised for separate publication in 2003. See also: Daniel Morales (2008),"Murakami Haruki B-Sides"Archived December 25, 2014, at theWayback Machine,Néojaponisme, May 12, 2008: "Thus begins "Baseball Field" [1984], one of Haruki Murakami's lesser-known short stories. Part of the story was extracted, edited and expanded into "Crabs", published inBlind Willow, Sleeping Woman, but the entirety has never been published in English. The young man in the story is at a café with Murakami himself. He mailed Murakami one of his short stories (the content of which the real-life Murakami later turned into "Crabs"), and Murakami, charmed by the young man's interesting handwriting and somewhat impressed with the story itself, read all 70 pages and sent him a letter of suggestions. "Baseball Field" tells the story of their subsequent meeting over coffee."
^This story originally appeared in a magazine under the longer titleTVピープルの逆襲 (TV pīpuru no gyakushū, literally "The TV People Strike Back") but received this shorter final title for all further appearances. (See alsoja:TVピープル in Japanese.)
^An earlier version of "Aeroplane" was published in 1987, then this rewritten version published in 1989. (See alsoja:飛行機―あるいは彼はいかにして詩を読むようにひとりごとを言ったか in Japanese.)
^An earlier version of "A Window" (窓,Mado) was first published in a magazine in 1982 under the title "Do You LikeBurt Bacharach?" (バート・バカラックはお好き？,Bāto Bakarakku wa o suki?), then this rewritten version was published in 1991.
^"Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman" was first published in 1983 as a different version (whose title didn't bear a comma), then rewritten in 1995 (taking its final title). (See also the story's articleja:めくらやなぎと眠る女 in Japanese.)
^Murakami, Haruki (August 1, 2019)."Charlie Parker Plays Bossa Nova".Granta Magazine. Translated by Philip Gabriel.Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. RetrievedAugust 25, 2019.
In 2021, Tokyo's newHaruki Murakami library at Waseda University[145] was opened featuring Murakami's impressive global archive.
In 2022, In Statu Nascendi published a special edition [edited by Joseph Thomas Milburn and Piotr Pietrzak] on Haruki Murakami to deliberate on the special relation between philosophy and an acclaimed Japanese literary writer. They argue that Murakami himself has been reluctant to expound on any deeper meaning to be found in his stories. The answer can be found in the great interest in and diverse engagement of readers with Murakami's work.[146]
By 2008, there were three non-fiction scholarly books in English about Murakami and his works. Timothy J. Van Compernolle ofAmherst College wrote that the fact that many such books existed about "a living author in the relatively small field of Japanese literary studies in the English-speaking world is unprecedented."[147]
^Poole, Steven (September 13, 2014)."Haruki Murakami: 'I'm an outcast of the Japanese literary world'".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. RetrievedDecember 11, 2016.Murakami doesn't read many of his Japanese contemporaries. Does he feel detached from his home scene? "It's a touchy topic", he says, chuckling. "I'm a kind of outcast of the Japanese literary world. I have my own readers ... But critics, writers, many of them don't like me." Why is that? "I have no idea! I have been writing for 35 years and from the beginning up to now the situation's almost the same. I'm kind of an ugly duckling. Always the duckling, never the swan."
^Fisher, Susan (2000). "An Allegory of Return: Murakami Haruki's the Wind-up Bird Chronicle" (JSTOR),Comparative Literature Studies, Volume 37, Number 2 (2000), pages 155–170.
^"Murakami says Japan ignoring WWII, Fukushima role".Business Insider. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2020. RetrievedMarch 4, 2020.Murakami, one of Japan's best known writers who has repeatedly been tipped as a future Nobel Literature laureate, said that it was natural for China and the Koreas to continue to feel resentment towards Japan for its wartime aggressions.
^"Japan must apologise for WWII until it is forgiven: novelist Haruki Murakami".The Straits Times. April 17, 2015.Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. RetrievedMarch 8, 2017.Murakami, one of Japan's best known writers who has repeatedly been tipped as a future Nobel Literature laureate, has often chided his country for shirking responsibility for its World War II aggression.
^"Archived copy".the-japan-news.com. Archived fromthe original on March 16, 2022. RetrievedMarch 18, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Pietrzak, P., Milburn, J. T., Abalos-Orendain, K. C. M., Dil, J., Wakatsuki, T., Strecher, M. C., Yama, M., De Boer, Y., Logan, A. A., Scammell, G., Niehei, C., Schiedges, O., Mori, M., Hansen, G. M., Atkins, M. T., Lawrence, K., & Siercks, E. (2022).In Statu Nascendi Volume 5, Number 1 (2022) Journal of Political Philosophy and International Relations: Special Issue: The Work of Haruki Murakami: ibidem-Verlag.
Pintor, Ivan (2007). "David Lynch y Haruki Murakami, la llama en el umbral". Casas, Quim.Universo Lynch. Madrid: Internacional Sitges Film Festival-Calamar.ISBN84-96235-16-5.
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