| Harlem Globetrotters | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Leagues | Independent | ||
| Founded | 1926; 99 years ago (1926) | ||
| History |
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| Arena | Barnstorming team | ||
| Team colors | Red, white, blue[1] | ||
| Head coach |
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| Ownership | Herschend | ||
| Championships | 75 | ||
| Website | harlemglobetrotters | ||
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TheHarlem Globetrotters are an Americanexhibitionbasketball team. They combine athleticism,theater,entertainment, andcomedy in their style of play. Over the years, they have played more than 26,000 exhibition games in 124 countries and territories, mostly against deliberately ineffective opponents, such as theWashington Generals (1953–1995, 2007-2015, 2017-present) and the New York Nationals (1995–2006). The team's signature song isBrother Bones' whistled version of "Sweet Georgia Brown", and theirmascot is ananthropomorphized globe named "Globie". The team is owned byHerschend.[2]
The Harlem Globetrotters originated in 1926 at the Giles American Legion Post # 87, on theSouth Side ofChicago, where all the original players were raised and went to Wendell Phillips High school in the Bronzeville neighborhood.[3] They began as the Savoy Big Five, one of the premier attractions of theSavoy Ballroom; starting in January 1928, a basketball team of Black American players played exhibitions before dances to prop up the ballroom's cratering attendance numbers.[4] In 1928, several players left the team in a dispute. That autumn, those players formed a team called the "Globe Trotters" and toured southern Illinois that spring.Abe Saperstein became involved with the team as a coach, manager, promoter and part-time player. By 1929, Saperstein was touring Illinois and Iowa with his basketball team called the "New York Harlem Globe Trotters". Saperstein selected the nameHarlem because it was then considered the center of Black American culture and the nameGlobetrotter to mythologize the team's international venues.[5]
The Globetrotters were perennial participants in theWorld Professional Basketball Tournament, winning it in 1940. In a heavily attended matchup a few years later, the1948 Globetrotters–Lakers game, the Globetrotters made headlines when they beat one of the best white basketball teams in the country, theMinneapolis Lakers. The Globetrotters continued to easily win games due to Harlem monopolizing the entire talent pool of the best black basketball players in the country. Once one of the most famous teams in the country, the Globetrotters were eventually eclipsed by the rise of theNational Basketball Association (NBA), particularly when NBA teams began recruiting black players in the 1950s.[6] In 1950, Harlem GlobetrotterChuck Cooper became the first black player to be drafted in the NBA by Boston, and teammateNat "Sweetwater" Clifton became the first black player to sign an NBA contract when theNew York Knicks purchased his contract from the Globetrotters for $12,500 (equivalent to $163,000 in 2024).[7][8]
The Globetrotters gradually worked comic routines into their act—a direction the team has credited toReece "Goose" Tatum,[9] who joined in 1941—and eventually became known more for entertainment than sports.[10] The Globetrotters' acts often feature incredible coordination and skillful handling of one or more basketballs, such as passing or juggling balls between players, balancing or spinning balls on their fingertips, and making unusually difficult shots.[11]
In 1952, the Globetrotters invitedLouis "Red" Klotz to create a team to accompany them on their tours. This team, theWashington Generals (who also played under various other names), became the Globetrotters' primary opponents. The Generals are effectively stooges for the Globetrotters, with the Globetrotters handily defeating them in thousands of games.[12][13]
In 1959, Saperstein received an invitation from Vasily Grigoryevich, the director ofLenin Central Stadium, and the Globetrotters played nine games in Moscow.[14] The team, which includedWilt Chamberlain, was welcomed enthusiastically by spectators and authorities, and they met PremierNikita Khrushchev[15] and collectively received the AthleticOrder of Lenin medal.[16]
According to one report titled "Russians Baffled by Harlem Fun", however, spectators were initially confused: "A Soviet audience of 14,000 sat almost silently, as if in awe, through the first half of the game. It warmed up slightly in the second half when it realized the Trotters are more show than competition."[17] The Globetrotters brought their own opponent—not the Washington Generals, but the San Francisco Chinese Basketeers.[14] A review in state-runPravda stated, "This is not basketball; it is too full of tricks" but praised the Globetrotters' skills and suggested that "they have some techniques to show us".[18]
The American press—particularlyDrew Pearson—made note of the fact that the Globetrotters were paid (per game) the equivalent of $4,000 (equivalent to $43,000 in 2024) by the Soviet government,[7] which could be spent only in Moscow. The games were used as evidence that U.S.–Russian relations were improving, that Moscow was backing off itspropaganda campaign aimed at American race relations, and that the Russian society was becoming more capitalist (Pearson suggested that the games were held because Lenin Stadium needed money).[19][20]
In May 1967,New York City–basedMetromedia announced that it would acquire the Globetrotters for $1 million, but the deal was never completed and the team was sold toGeorge N. Gillett Jr., who formed a new company called Globetrotter Communications in 1968.[21][22]
Nine years after the company's attempted acquisition in 1976, Metromedia announced that it would acquire the Globetrotters for $11 million from Globetrotter Communications.[23]
Many famous basketball players have played for the Globetrotters. Greats such as "Wee" Willie Gardner,Connie "the Hawk" Hawkins,Wilt "the Stilt" Chamberlain, andNat "Sweetwater" Clifton later joined the NBA. The Globetrotters signed their first female player, Olympic gold medalistLynette Woodard, in 1985.[24]
Because nearly all of the team's players have been black, and as a result of the buffoonery involved in many of the Globetrotters'skits, they drew some criticism during theCivil Rights era. The players were accused by some civil-rights advocates of "Tomming for Abe," a reference toUncle Tom and ownerAbe Saperstein. However, prominent civil rights activistJesse Jackson (who would later be named an honorary Globetrotter) came to their defense by stating, "I think they've been a positive influence... They did not show blacks as stupid. On the contrary, they were shown as superior."[6]
In 1986, as part of the spin-off of Metromedia's television stations toRupert Murdoch and the20th Century Fox film studio, the company sold the Globetrotters and theIce Capades to theMinneapolis-based International Broadcasting Corporation (owners ofKTAB-TV inAbilene, Texas and controlled byThomas Scallen) for $30 million.[25][26][27][28][29]
In 1993, former Globetrotters playerMannie Jackson purchased the team from the International Broadcasting Corporation, which was on the verge of bankruptcy.[30]
In 1995, Orlando Antigua became the first Hispanic player on the team. He was the first non-black player on the Globetrotters' roster sinceBob Karstens played with the squad in 1942–43.[31]
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While parts of a modern exhibition game are pre-planned, the games themselves are not fixed. While their opponents do not interfere with the Globetrotters' hijinks while on defense, they play a serious game when in possession of the ball and about 20 to 30 percent of a game is "real." This once led to an infamous 99-100 overtime defeat at the hands of the New Jersey Reds on January 5, 1971, much to the distress of the watching crowd, after the Globetrotters lost track of the score and were facing a 12-point deficit with two minutes remaining with their tricks and after the Globetrotters took a one-point lead late, the Reds hit a game-winner with a few seconds remaining and won.[32][33]
In September 2005,Shamrock Holdings purchased 80% stake in the Globetrotters.[34][35]
In October 2013,Herschend Family Entertainment announced that it would acquire the Globetrotters from Shamrock Holdings.[36]
In June 2021, the Globetrotters filed a petition to join theNational Basketball Association (NBA) as an expansion franchise.[37]
Starting in 2007, the Globetrotters have conducted an annual "draft" a few days before theNBA draft, in which they select players they feel fit the mold of a Globetrotter. Being drafted by the Globetrotters does not guarantee a spot on the team, although several drafted players have gone on to become Globetrotters: Anthony "Ant" Atkinson (2007), Brent Petway (2007), William "Bull" Bullard (2008), Tay "Firefly" Fisher (2008), Charlie Coley III (2009), Paul "Tiny" Sturgess (2011), Jacob "Hops" Tucker (2011), Darnell "Spider" Wilks (2011), Bryan "B-Nice" Narcisse (2012), Tyrone Davis (2013), Corey "Thunder" Law (2013), Tyler "Iceman" Inman (2014) Devan "Beast" Douglas (2016), and AJ "Money" Merriweather.[40]
Other notable draft picks by the Globetrotters include:Sun Mingming (2007),Patrick Ewing Jr. (2008),Sonny Weems (2008),Taylor Griffin (2009),Tim Howard (2009),Mark Titus (2010),Lionel Messi (2011),Jordan McCabe, then 12 years old (2011),Andrew Goudelock (2011),Usain Bolt (2012),Mariano Rivera (2013),Brittney Griner (2013),Johnny Manziel (2014),Landon Donovan (2014),Mo'ne Davis (2015),Dude Perfect (2015),Kevin Hart (2016),Neymar (2016),Missy Franklin (2016),Jordan Spieth (2016),Craig Sager (2016),Gal Gadot (2017),Aaron Judge (2017),Tim Tebow (2017),Paul Pogba (2018),Joseph Kilgore (2018),Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson (2018),Mahershala Ali (2019),Mookie Betts (2020), andChadwick Boseman (2020).[41][42][43][44][45]
The Globetrotters have honored eight players byretiring their numbers:
| Harlem Globetrotters retired numbers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Player | Tenure | Date retired |
| 13 | Wilt "the Stilt" Chamberlain | 1958–1959 | March 9, 2000 |
| 20 | Marques Haynes | 1947–1953, 1972–1979 | January 5, 2001 |
| 22 | Fred "Curly" Neal | 1963–1985 | February 15, 2008 |
| 34 | Charles "Tex" Harrison | 1954–1972 | December 26, 2017 |
| 35 | Hubert "Geese" Ausbie | 1961–1985 | January 31, 2017 |
| 36 | Meadowlark Lemon | 1954–1979, 1993[46] | January 5, 2001 |
| 41 | "Sweet" Lou Dunbar | 1977–present | February 15, 2019 |
| 50 | Goose Tatum | 1941–1943, 1945–1955[47] | February 8, 2002 |
Ten people have been officially named as honorary members of the team:[48]
In addition,Bill Cosby (1972) andMagic Johnson (2003) were each signed to honorary $1-a-year lifetime contracts with the Globetrotters.[52][53][54] When Cosby's nominal association with the team was the subject of criticism followingsexual assault allegations, the Globetrotters stated that they have had no association with him for decades.[54]
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