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| Hardbass | |
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| Native name | Хардбас(с) |
| Other names | Pump, Nasos, Kolbasa |
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Late 1990s,Saint Petersburg,Russia |
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| Nationalistic and patriotic songs | ||||||||
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Hardbass orhard bass (Russian:хардбас(с),romanized:khardbas(s)[a],IPA:[xɐrdˈbas]) is a subgenre ofpumping house that originated inSaint Petersburg, Russia during the late 1990s, drawing inspiration frombouncy techno,hardstyle, as well as localRussian influences. Hardbass is characterized by its fasttempo (usually 150–175 BPM), donks, distinctivebasslines (commonly known as "hard bounce"), distorted sounds, heavy kicks and occasionalchants orrapping. In several European countries, so-called "hardbass scenes" have sprung up,[1] which are events related to the genre that involve multiple people dancing in public while masked, sometimes withmoshing involved.
Hardbass first began to emerge in the late 1990s, mainly in theSaint Petersburgelectronic dance music underground, when thepumping house genre, built around thebamboo bass, ordonk bass (a type of metallicbass synthesizer sound, first invented byKlubbheads in 1997), became a staple in local raves.[2] Eventually, party nights dedicated solely to pumping house were held in Saint Petersburg and to a lesser extent, in Moscow. The most famous venues for pumping raves in Saint Petersburg included those held in the "Rassvet" (Dawn) club and forest raves in aquarry nearMednoe Ozero [ru], anartificial lake not far from Saint Petersburg.
To increase the energy of the parties, Saint Petersburg producers and DJs started to increase theBPM of the pumping house they played and produced, eventually reaching 150 BPM and beyond. Saint Petersburg producers would include distinctwhistles and othersamples into their production, which would later crystallize into the hardbass sound as it is generally known.
At the same time the characteristic lingo of hardbass formed, such as terms forhardbass music itself, like;kolbasa meaningsausage, a derivative ofkolbasitsya, a jargon verb meaning hard partying;pump, orpamp, short forpumping house;nasos, the literal translation of the wordpump into Russian;
In 2010, XS Project, a group of four music producers from Saint Petersburg, released a satirical movie on YouTube, together with radio presenters ofGop FM station, accompanying theirBochka, Bass, Kolbasyor (kick drum,bass and kolbasyor) track, which was released in 2003. In the movie, several artists, DJs, and radio presenters, disguised asgopniks, danced in gopnik style on a Saint Petersburg children's playground. The movie was intended to mock the so-called subculture ofrave gopniks – young people in tracksuits who would go to rave parties in Russia not to have a good time, but to get intoxicated and cause trouble.[2] The mockery was in the lyrics, which called for a sober and healthy lifestyle, contrary to the way rave gopniks lived. However, street youth in Eastern Europe liked the video and preferred to eschew the irony, and, given the rise of sober right-wing lifestyle in Russia around that time, the dance moves showcased in the movie became basis of a long-lasting series offlash mobs akin to theHarlem Shake meme of the time, when young people in various cities of Eastern Europe would begin to dance, all of a sudden, in gopnik style in the middle of public spaces.[2][3] The dance moves for hardbass dancing mostly included disorganized feet stomping, jumping and specific hand gestures, with hands clenched in fists with thumb and pinky fingers protruding.[2] This gesture, in fact, "shaka sign", became known ashardbass koza (hardbass goat, meaninghardbasssign of the horns) in Russian. At first, theflash mob spread mainly only in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, but eventually dancers from other Eastern European nations, such as Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Serbia and Croatia joined in.
Some commentators inSlavic countries of theEuropean Union at first considered these flash mobs to be serious manifestation of right-wing propaganda, especially given the lyrics in the song, saying"We bring hardbass to your home, 1 4 8 8", with"1 4 8 8" being aneo-Nazilingo for "Fourteen words" andHitler salute.[4] However, experts quickly grasped that the usage was ironic, and that the hardbass crowds consisted mostly offootball hooligans and bored teenagers, rather than of actualneo-Nazis.[4]Neo-Nazis around that times also dismissed the connection to hardbass, blaming it on left-wing and anarchist circles instead.[4] However, commentators still identified some right-wing sympatizers in the hardbass attacks, but, according to Miroslav Mares, an expert infar-right extremism fromBrnoMasaryk University, the influence of hardbass attacks on public opinion was negligible.[4]
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