Movatterモバイル変換

Hannover CL.III

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

CL.III
A German Hannover CL.III shot down by American machine gunners in theFirst World War.
General information
Type	Ground attack aircraft
National origin	Germany
Manufacturer	Hannoversche Waggonfabrik
Designer	Hermann Dorner
Primary user	Luftstreitkräfte
Number built	617
History
First flight	1917
Developed from	Hannover CL.II

TheHannover CL.III was a two-seat,single-bay biplane built by theHannoversche Waggonfabrik during theFirst World War for theImperial German Army's (Deutsches Heer)Imperial German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte). It was a multi-role aircraft derived from theCL.II, used to escortreconnaissance aircraft and as aground-attack machine. It entered service early in 1918.

Development

[edit]

Acrash-landed Hannover CL.III on the Western Front about September 1918

The CL.III (factory designation Typ 3b) was derived from the CL.II; its airframe was lightened and strengthened to improve performance and it was designed to use the water-cooled 160-horsepower (120 kW)Mercedes D.III straight-six engine rather than the 180-horsepower (130 kW)Argus As.III engine even though most D.III engines were reserved forfighters. In the event most aircraft used the readily available As.III engines. The Argus-engined variant was designatedCL.IIIa. The aircraft had redesignedailerons with aerodynamic balances that overhung the wingtips, a modification that provided greater manoeuvrability, especially at the low levels that it was expected to be operating at in its new ground-attack role as theSchutzstaffeln (escort squadrons) were reassigned asSchlachtstaffeln (battle squadrons). Like the other Hannover "light-C-class", or "CL" designated aircraft designed byHermann Dorner, it included an unusualtail structure, with twohorizontal stabilizers which allowed a widerfield of fire for theobserver.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The CL.IIIb was an experimental aircraft that that was used to evaluate the 190-horsepower (140 kW)NAG C.III engine. After the war, a single CL.III was developed into theHaWa F.3, a limousine aircraft with seats for two passengers in an enclosed cabin where the gunner's cockpit had been.^[4]

Variants

[edit]

Hannover CL.III: Powered by a Mercedes D.III engine.
Hannover CL.IIIa: CL III powered by an Argus As.III engine
Hannover CL.IIIc: Experimental model of the CL.III, with a two-bay wing.
HaWa F.3: A post-war limousine conversion of CL.III aircraft, with a 2-seat limousine cabin behind the pilot's cockpit.

Operators

[edit]

German Empire

Luftstreitkräfte

Latvia (Postwar)

Latvian Air Force – 2 CL.IIIa^[5]

Poland

Polish Air Force – 1 CL.IIIa (1919-1920)^[6]

Soviet Union

Soviet Air Force

Specifications (CL.IIIa)

[edit]

Hannover CL.IIIBaubeschreibung drawing, required byIdFlieg submission regulations

Data from Hannover CL.III;^[7] Hannover Aircraft of WWI: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes.^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 7.58 m (24 ft 10 in)
Upper wingspan: 11.7 m (38 ft 5 in)
Lower wingspan: 11.02 m (36 ft 2 in)
Height: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 32.7 m² (352 sq ft)
Empty weight: 760 kg (1,676 lb)
Gross weight: 1,120 kg (2,469 lb)
Powerplant: 1 ×Argus As III water-cooledstraight-six piston engine, 130 kW (180 hp) (CL.IIIa)

or 1x 160 hp (120 kW)Mercedes D.III (CL.III)

Performance

Maximum speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn)
Time to altitude: 3.2 minutes to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
7.1 minutes to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)

Armament

Guns: 2 × 7.92 mm (0.323 in); onesynchronized LMG 08/15 machine gun firing forward, single ring-mountedParabellum MG 14 in observer's cockpit
Bombs: 4 × small bombs

References

[edit]

^Gray & Thetford, pp. 150–152
^Grosz, pp. 3-4
^Owers & Herris, pp. 60–61
^Owers & Herris, pp. 64, 144
^Owers & Herris, p. 152
^Morgała, Andrzej (1997).Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1918-1924 [Military aircraft in Poland 1918-1924] (in Polish). Warsaw: Lampart. p. 81.ISBN 83-86776-34-X.
^Grosz, p. 32
^Owers & Herris, pp. 62–64

Bibliography

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toHannover CL.III.

Gray, Peter & Thetford, Owen (1987) [1970].German Aircraft of the First World War (2nd ed.). London: Putnam.ISBN 0-85177-809-7.
Grosz, Peter M. (1990).Hannover CL.III. Windsock Datafile. Vol. 23. Berkhampstead, UK: Albatros Publications.ISBN 0-948414-27-8.
Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'Arrived' in Dutch Territory during the Great War".Air Enthusiast (80):54–59.ISSN 0143-5450.
Owers, Colin A. & Herris, Jack (2020).Hannover Aircraft of WWI: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 43. n.p.: Aeronaut Books.ISBN 978-1-935881-84-1.

v t e Hannoversche aircraft
C.I CL.II CL.III CL.IV CL.V F.3 F.6 F.10 F.12 Vampyr

v t e World War I aircraft of the Central Powers
Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I

Idflieg C-, CL-, and CLS-class aircraft designations

C-

AEG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII
AGO	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Albatros	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X C.XI C.XII C.XIII C.XIV C.XV
Aviatik	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Caspar	C.I
DFW	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI
Fokker	C.I C.II C.III
Friedrichshafen	C.I
Germania	C.I C.II C.III C.IV
Halberstadt	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VII C.VIII C.IX
Hannover	C.I C.IV
LFG Roland	C.I C.II C.III C.V C.VIII
LVG	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX
OAW	C.I C.II
Otto	C.I C.II
Pfalz	C.I
Rumpler	C.I C.II C.III C.IV C.V C.VI C.VII C.VIII C.IX C.X
Sablatnig	C.I C.II C.III
Schütte-Lanz	C.I
Zeppelin	C.I C.II