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Hamerton Treaty

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v t e Slave trade suppression
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Slave trade suppression

TheHamilton Treaty was a treaty signed between Britain and theOmani Empire in 1845. It was named afterAtkins Hamerton, who negotiated the treaty on behalf ofBritain. The treaty addressed the issue of theZanzibar slave trade between theSwahili coast in Zanzibar and Oman in the Arabian Peninsula, which was at the time the major part of the ancientIndian Ocean slave trade.

The Hammerton Treaty formally restricted slave trade to be legal only within the territory of Zanzibar, but Zanzibar continued to import slaves from Kilwa in theEast African coast toMadagascar and the Comoros with official papers for a legal slave trade north.^[1].:

History

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Hamerton was a friend ofSaid bin Sultan, the last ruler of theOmani Empire, with the sultan giving Hamerton a building abutting the sea in the town centre as a residence, waiving the rent.^[2] The British were keen to exploit this friendship to end the slave trade in Zanzibar, which was flourishing at the time. TheMoresby Treaty of 1822 had restricted the Zanzibar slave trade, but not banned it.

Hamilton was therefore told when on leave in Bombay in 1843 that the Company wanted him to intervene with Said. This was more easily said than done, as Said responded to the promptings of Hamerton by reminding him that slavery was condoned by Islam: "The Koran, the word of God . . . sanctioned it, and the Arabs, of all Mahomedans, the people considered by the Almight as most deserving of favour, had a right to enslave infidels."^[3].:

But Hamerton was a persuasive negotiator and the fruit of his work was a treaty signed by Said in 1845, known as the "Hamerton Treaty" – despite most of the work having been done byLord Aberdeen and the Foreign Office^[2] – which outlawed the export of slaves from Zanzibar to thePersian Gulf area.:.

It soon became apparent, however, that this was mere posturing by the sultan and the Company, the latter doing nothing to enforce the terms of the treaty, and Britain having few warships in the area.^[2] So the slave trade continued as before, with Hamerton reckoning that three-quarters of Zanzibar's population were slaves.^[3].:

It was followed by theFrere Treaty in 1873.

References

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^Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p.78
^^a ^b ^cFrankl, P. J. L. (2011)."Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: OUP.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/59618. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)
^^a ^bHazell, Alastair (2011).The Last Slave Market: Dr John Kirk and the Struggle to End the African Slave Trade. London: Constable.ISBN 978-1780336572.

v t e Anti-slavery treaties
19th century	Moresby Treaty British-Brazilian Treaty of 1826 Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade Hamerton Treaty Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos Treaty of Epe Lyons–Seward Treaty of 1862 Frere Treaty Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 Brussels Conference Act of 1890
20th century	White Slave convention Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery Treaty of Jeddah (1927) Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
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