| Halbi | |
|---|---|
| हलबी /ହଲବୀ | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Chhattisgarh,Odisha,Andhra Pradesh, andMaharashtra |
| Ethnicity | Halba |
Native speakers | 766,297 (2011 census)[1] |
| Odia,Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hlb |
| Glottolog | halb1244 Halbi |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAF-tb |
 Halbi-speaking region | |
Halbi (also Bastari, Halba, Halvas, Halabi, Halvi) is anEastern Indo-Aryan language, transitional betweenOdia andMarathi.[2] It is spoken by at least 766,297 people across the central part ofIndia.
The Mehari (or Mahari) dialect is mutually intelligible with the other dialects only with difficulty. There are an estimated 200,000 second-language speakers (as of 2001). In Chhattisgarh educated people are fluent inHindi. Some first language speakers useBhatri as second language.
Halbi is often used as a trade language, but there is a low literacy rate. It is written in theOdia andDevanagari scripts.[citation needed] It uses SOV word order (subject-object-verb), makes strong use ofaffixes, and places adjectives before nouns.
Halbi has 6 vowels: /i, e, ə, a, o, u/. All vowels show contrastive vowel nasalization.[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | (ɳ) | (ɲ) | ŋ | |
| breathy | mʱ | nʱ | |||||
| Stop/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | g | ||
| breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||||
| Approximant | voiced | ʋ | l | j | |||
| breathy | lʱ | ||||||
| Rhotic | voiced | r | (ɽ) | ||||
| breathy | rʱ | (ɽʱ) | |||||
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