Min Chinese dialect of Hainan, China
TheHaikou dialect is atopolect of Chinese and a subvariety ofHainanese spoken inHaikou, the capital of theHainan province and island ofChina.
The Haikou dialect has the following initials:[4]
The finals are:[5]
| Vocalic codas | Nasal codas | Stop codas |
|---|
| a | ai | au | am | | aŋ | ap | | ak |
| ia | | iau | iam | | iaŋ | iap | | iak |
| ua | uai | | | | uaŋ | | | uak |
| ɛ | e | | | | eŋ | | | ek |
| ue | | | | | | | | |
| o | ɔi | ɔu | ɔm | | ɔŋ | ɔp | | ɔk |
| io | | | | | iɔŋ | | | iɔk |
| i | | iu | im | in | | ip | it | |
| u | ui | | | un | oŋ | | uk | ok |
There are also twosyllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.[5]
The tone categories (described using Chaotone letters) are:[5][6]
| level | rising | departing | entering |
|---|
| upper | ˨˦ | ˨˩˧ | ˧˥ | ˥ |
|---|
| lower | ˨˩ | ˧ | ˧ |
|---|
| ʔ˥ |
- ^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]
- ^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone",Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,30:86–110,doi:10.2307/2718766,JSTOR 2718766
- ^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984),Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3,ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert;Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10)."Glottolog 4.8 - Min".Glottolog.Leipzig:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962.Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2023-10-13.
- ^Chen (1996), p. 4.
- ^abcChen (1996), p. 5.
- ^Yan (2006), p. 142.
- Chen, Hongmai (1996),Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary],Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects, vol. 16, Nanjing:Jiangsu Education Press,ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006),Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa,ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
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