36°28′24″N102°24′38″E / 36.4734°N 102.4106°E /36.4734; 102.4106
Haidong 海东市 | |
|---|---|
 A street in Ping'an District | |
 Location of Haidong Prefecture in Qinghai | |
| Coordinates (HaidongCCP Committee, Ping'an District):36°30′06″N102°06′21″E / 36.5018°N 102.1058°E /36.5018; 102.1058 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Qinghai |
| Municipal seat | Ledu District |
| Area | |
| 13,200 km2 (5,100 sq mi) | |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| 1,726,100 | |
| • Density | 131/km2 (339/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 611,800 |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 38.4 billion US$ 6.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 26,531 US$4,260 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-QH-02 |
| Website | www |
| Haidong | |||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 海东市 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 海東市 | ||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||
| Tibetan | མཚོ་ཤར་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | ||||||
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Haidong (Chinese:海东市;pinyin:Hǎidōng shì) is aprefecture-level city ofQinghai province in Western China. Its name literally means "east of the(Qinghai) Lake." On 8 February 2013 Haidong was upgraded from a prefecture (海东地区) into a prefecture-level city.[3] Haidong is the third most populous administrative division in Qinghai afterXining andGolmud.
Haidong was historically populated by theQiang people, although the area has been inhabited as early as 6000 years ago. In 121 BC the area was captured byHuo Qubing, defeating theXiongnu. In 399 AD theXianbei founded the state of Nanliang, with its capital inLedu District.[4]
Haidong is the easternmost division of Qinghai province. It is bounded byXining, the provincial capital, to the West, theDatong River Valley to the north, Gansu to the east, and theYellow River to the south. Mountain ranges tower above the district of which the main valley is that of theHuang Shui (Tib.Tsong Chu), a major tributary of the Yellow River. This valley stretches from west to east and makes up - together with the area around Xining, the landscape which is calledTsongkha ("Onion Valley") by Tibetans. It has a total area of 13,100 square kilometres (5,100 sq mi).
Haidong has acool semi-arid climate (KöppenBSk) characterised by warm to very warm summers, freezing but extremely dry winters, and largediurnal temperature ranges. Temperatures are warmer than anywhere else in Qinghai due to the relatively low altitude, although minima in winter still typically fall below −10 °C or 14 °F. Precipitation is low and mostly confined to the summer months: less than 45 millimetres or 1.8 inches of water equivalent typically falls between October and April inclusive, and less than 12 millimetres or 0.5 inches between November and March.
| Climate data for Haidong (Ping'an District), elevation 2,125 m (6,972 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 30.1 (86.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 37.6 (99.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 24.7 (76.5) | 20.5 (68.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 37.6 (99.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.2 (70.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 20.3 (68.5) | 15.2 (59.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 15.3 (59.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −2.1 (28.2) | 3.6 (38.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | −4.7 (23.5) | 7.5 (45.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.1 (10.2) | −8.4 (16.9) | −2.5 (27.5) | 3.1 (37.6) | 7.3 (45.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 2.6 (36.7) | −4.6 (23.7) | −10.6 (12.9) | 1.8 (35.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.9 (−7.4) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −14.6 (5.7) | −7.9 (17.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.1 (32.2) | −7.5 (18.5) | −15.6 (3.9) | −21.1 (−6.0) | −21.9 (−7.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.1 (0.04) | 1.3 (0.05) | 5.2 (0.20) | 15.1 (0.59) | 42.9 (1.69) | 52.4 (2.06) | 72.8 (2.87) | 68.3 (2.69) | 53.6 (2.11) | 20.6 (0.81) | 2.9 (0.11) | 0.7 (0.03) | 336.9 (13.25) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 10.2 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 7.2 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 86.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 24.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 45 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 50 | 56 | 61 | 63 | 67 | 62 | 52 | 48 | 53 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 202.4 | 208.5 | 236.1 | 245.7 | 252.1 | 234.4 | 240.4 | 231.4 | 192.8 | 209.2 | 207.2 | 202.1 | 2,662.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 65 | 67 | 63 | 62 | 58 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 53 | 61 | 68 | 68 | 61 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Haidong (Ledu District), elevation 2,021 m (6,631 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 6.6 (43.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.1 (80.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 15.9 (60.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.0 (39.2) | 15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) | −1.4 (29.5) | 4.4 (39.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 8.4 (47.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | −4.1 (24.6) | 8.3 (46.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.6 (11.1) | −7.8 (18.0) | −1.8 (28.8) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | −3.8 (25.2) | −9.9 (14.2) | 2.4 (36.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.2 (0.05) | 1.8 (0.07) | 7.1 (0.28) | 15.0 (0.59) | 42.3 (1.67) | 50.3 (1.98) | 69.5 (2.74) | 71.2 (2.80) | 52.1 (2.05) | 20.7 (0.81) | 2.9 (0.11) | 0.8 (0.03) | 334.9 (13.18) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 9.8 | 13.0 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 7.0 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 88.1 |
| Average snowy days | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 25 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 47 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 52 | 57 | 61 | 64 | 69 | 64 | 55 | 51 | 54 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 190.5 | 194.9 | 225.8 | 236.8 | 242.7 | 228.7 | 231.7 | 221.3 | 185.6 | 195.3 | 195.7 | 194.2 | 2,543.2 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 63 | 60 | 60 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 51 | 57 | 65 | 65 | 58 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 Census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Ping'an District | 平安区 | Píng'ān Qū | 102,975 | 750 | 137 |
| Ledu District | 乐都区 | Lèdū Qū | 260,185 | 2,821 | 92 |
| Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County | 民和回族土族自治县 | Mínhé Huízú Tǔzú Zìzhìxiàn | 350,118 | 1,780 | 197 |
| Huzhu Tu Autonomous County | 互助土族自治县 | Hùzhù Tǔzú Zìzhìxiàn | 356,437 | 3,321 | 107 |
| Hualong Hui Autonomous County | 化隆回族自治县 | Huàlóng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn | 203,317 | 2,740 | 74 |
| Xunhua Salar Autonomous County | 循化撒拉族自治县 | Xúnhuà Sǎlāzú Zìzhìxiàn | 123,814 | 1,749 | 70 |
As of 2005, the total population of Haidong is approximately 1,480,000. It is the most densely populated area[clarification needed] ofQinghai, with almost a third of the province's population (its surface makes up only two percent of Qinghai).
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