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 Resolution and Adventure with fishing craft inMatavai Bay byWilliam Hodges, painted 1776, shows the two ships at anchor inTahiti. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Marquis of Rockingham |
| Owner | Captain William Hammond, ofHull |
| Builder | Thomas Fishburn,Whitby |
| Launched | 1769,[1] or 1770[2] |
| Fate | Sold toRoyal Navy, November 1771 |
 Great Britain | |
| Name | HMSRaleigh |
| Operator | Royal Navy |
| Acquired | 27 November 1771 |
| Renamed | HMSAdventure (25 December 1771)[3] |
| Fate | Sold to original owner in May 1783 |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | Adventure |
| Owner | Captain William Hammond, ofHull |
| Acquired | May 1783 by purchase |
| Fate | Sunk in theSaint Lawrence River in May 1811 |
| General characteristics[2] | |
| Tons burthen | 33641⁄94 (bm) |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 28 ft 4 in (8.6 m) |
| Depth of hold | 13 ft (4.0 m) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Sail plan | Barque |
| Range | Limited only by water and provisions |
| Complement | 80 |
| Armament |
|
HMSAdventure was abarque that theRoyal Navy purchased in 1771. She had been the merchant vesselMarquis of Rockingham, launched in 1770 at Whitby. In naval service she sailed withResolution onJames Cook'ssecond expedition to thePacific in 1772–1775. She was the first ship tocircumnavigate the globe from west to east. After her return she served as astore ship until 1779. The navy sold her in 1783 and she resumed a civilian career, but retaining the nameAdventure. She was lost in May 1811.
She began her career as theNorth SeacollierMarquis of Rockingham, launched atWhitby in 1770.
Soon after his return from his first voyage in 1771, Commander Cook was commissioned by theRoyal Society of London to make a second voyage in search of a supposed southern continent,Terra Australis Incognita. He arranged for the Navy to purchase two ships, the second and smaller of which wasMarquis of Rockingham.
The Navy purchased her in 1771 and first named herRaleigh orRayleigh, and thenAdventure. The Navy commissioned her under Joseph Shank.[1]
Cook was given the command ofResolution, with CommanderTobias Furneaux accompanying him inAdventure, having replaced Shank. Furneaux was an experienced explorer, having served onSamuel Wallis'scircumnavigation inDolphin in 1766–1768.
Resolution andAdventure leftPlymouth on 13 July 1772 and on 17 January 1773 were the first European ships to cross theAntarctic Circle. On 8 February 1773 the two ships became separated in a fog and Furneaux directedAdventure towards the prearranged meeting point ofQueen Charlotte Sound (New Zealand), charted by Cook in 1770.
On the way to the rendezvous,Adventure surveyed the southern and eastern coasts ofTasmania (then known asVan Diemen's Land), whereAdventure Bay was named for the ship. Furneaux made the earliest British chart of this shore, but as he did not enterBass Strait he assumed Tasmania to be part ofAustralia. Most of his names here survive; Cook, visiting this shore-line on his third voyage, confirmed Furneaux's account and delineation of it, and named after him the islands inBanks Strait.
Adventure arrived at Queen Charlotte Sound on 7 May 1773 andResolution followed on 17 May. From June to October the two ships explored the southern Pacific, reachingTahiti on 15 August, whereOmai ofRa'iatea embarked onAdventure (Omai later became the first Pacific Islander to visit Europe before returning to Tahiti with Cook in 1776). After calling atTonga in theFriendly Islands the ships returned to New Zealand but were separated by a storm on 22 October. This time the rendezvous at Queen Charlotte Sound was missed —Resolution departed on 26 November, four days beforeAdventure arrived. Cook had left a message buried in the sand setting out his plan to explore the South Pacific and return to New Zealand. Furneaux decided to return home and buried a reply to that effect.
Before he could leave, a fight broke out betweenAdventure's crew and the localMāori people, in which ten crewmen and two Māoris were killed. This was reportedly prompted by an unknowing breach oftapu by a sailor, who placed a tin can that had held food on a chief's head.[4] Alternatively, it may have been due to a barter gone wrong at Grass Cove on 17 Dec. 1773, and Kahura taking revenge (utu).[5]Adventure set out for home on 22 December 1773 viaCape Horn, She returned to England on 14 July 1774 and entered the double dock in the Royal Dockyard at Deptford where between March and May 1775 she was converted into a store ship for Halifax, Canada.[1][2]
Lieutenant John Hallum recommissionedAdventure in March 1775. He sailed for North America on 26 June 1775. In November 1777 Lieutenant Hugh Tolken replaced Hallum at Boston. Between January and March 1779 she underwent refitting atDeptford Dockyard.[2]
Henry Trubshaw Bell,coxswain ofHMS Robust was appointed asbosun on 30 August 1779, at Halifax. The log for 5 September 1779 shows that "this day 8 men deserted the ship. Ditto took two of them again by information and confined them in irons".
Adventure set sail from Halifax on 26 October 1779, in company with the shipsKeppel,Royal Briton andDunmore. She sailed mainly in fresh or hard gales for most of the 36 days it took to reachSpithead, which is situated at the eastern part of the channel between Hampshire, England, and the Isle of Wight at Portsmouth. The voyage was not without its tensions. The log records that on 6 December 1779, the Captain "punished William Pritt with two dozen lashes for striking the boatswain and carpenter".Adventure arrived at Sheerness in December 1779,[2] and was paid off on 13 January 1780. She underwent fitting as a fireship, but was never employed in that role.[1]
Adventure was laid up at Sheerness until the Navy sold her on 7 May 1783 for £900,[2] apparently to her original owners.
In 1784 anAdventure, of 350 tons (bm), British-built, enteredLloyd's Register (LR). Her trade was London-Davis Strait, signalling that she was awhaler in thenorthern whale fishery.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1784 | J.M'Leod | J.Montgomerie | London-Davis Strait | LR; good repair 1784 |
| 1787 | J.M'Leod John Burn | J.Montgomery | London-Davis Strait | LR; good repair 1784 |
| 1790 | John Burn Stevenson | J.Montgomery | London-Greenland | LR; good repair 1784, repairs 1787 & 1790 |
She was last listed in 1794.
Adventure reappeared inLloyd's Register (LR) in 1800 with H. Lisk, master, T.Brown, owner, and trade London transport.[6]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 | H.Lesk | T.Brown | London transport | LR; good repairs 1795 & repairs 1797 |
| 1806 | Appleton | T.Brown | Hull–Memel | LR;repairs 1795, good repairs 1798, & small repairs 1803 |
| 1811 | J.Shaw Snowden | Appleton | Hull–St Johns | LR; repairs 1803; good repairs 1795, 1798, & 1810 |
On 24 May 1811,Adventure, Snowden, master, was sailing betweenLeith andQuebec when she was wrecked in theSaint Lawrence River. All her crew were saved.[7]
Media related toHMSAdventure (1771) at Wikimedia Commons| Shipwrecks |
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This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales Licence, by theNational Maritime Museum, as part of theWarship Histories project.
