 HMCSWhitby | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Canada | |
| Name | Whitby |
| Namesake | Whitby, Ontario |
| Ordered | April 1942 |
| Builder | Midland Shipyards Ltd.,Midland |
| Laid down | 1 April 1943 |
| Launched | 18 September 1943 |
| Commissioned | 6 June 1944 |
| Decommissioned | 16 July 1945 |
| Identification | Pennant number: K346 |
| Honours & awards | Atlantic 1944–45[1] |
| Fate | Sold for mercantile use 1946 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type | Flower-classcorvette (modified) |
| Displacement | 1,015long tons (1,031 t; 1,137 short tons) |
| Length | 208 ft (63.40 m)o/a |
| Beam | 33 ft (10.06 m) |
| Draught | 11 ft (3.35 m) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 16 knots (29.6 km/h) |
| Range | 7,400 nautical miles (13,705 km) at 10 knots (18.5 km/h) |
| Complement | 90 |
| Sensors & processing systems |
|
| Armament |
|
HMCSWhitby was a modifiedFlower-classcorvette that served with theRoyal Canadian Navy during theSecond World War. She fought primarily in theBattle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. She was named forWhitby, Ontario.
Flower-class corvettes likeWhitby serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[2][3][4] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[5] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s,Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on awhaling ship design.[6] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[7]
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by AdmiralPercy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.[8]
Whitby was ordered April 1942 as part of the 1942–43 modified Flower-class building programme. This programme was known as the Increased Endurance. Many changes were made, all from lessons that had been learned in previous versions of the Flower-class. The bridge was made a full deck higher and built to naval standards instead of the more civilian-like bridges of previous versions. The platform for the 4-inch main gun was raised to minimize the amount of spray over it and to provide a better field of fire. It was also connected to the wheelhouse by a wide platform that was now the base for theHedgehog anti-submarine mortar that this version was armed with. Along with the new Hedgehog, this version got the newQF 4-inch Mk XIX main gun, which was semi-automatic, used fixed ammunition and had the ability to elevate higher giving it ananti-aircraft ability.[8]
Other superficial changes to this version include an upright funnel and pressurized boiler rooms which eliminated the need for hooded ventilators around the base of the funnel. This changes the silhouette of the corvette and made it more difficult for submariners to tell which way the corvette was laying.[8]
Whitby was laid down byMidland Shipyards Ltd. atMidland, Ontario 1 April 1943 and was launched 18 September 1943. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy 6 June 1944 at Midland.[9]Whitby had no major refits during her war service due to her late arrival into the conflict, however en route toHalifax for deployment,Whitby had a layover atShelburne, Nova Scotia for repairs.[10]
After working up,Whitby joined theMid-Ocean Escort Force. She was assigned to escort group C-4 as a trans-Atlantic convoy escort. She served the rest of the war with the group.[10]
Whitby waspaid off atSorel, Quebec 16 July 1945 and laid up. She was transferred to the War Assets Corporation and sold 30 August 1946 for mercantile conversion. She emerged in 1946 as the 1,275 GRT[11]Bengo.[9][10] She was sold to thePortuguese Navy who commissioned her in April 1948. In October 1948 she was converted to a pilot tender for use in Portuguese East Africa atMaputo, in what became known asMozambique.Bengo was still in use as a pilot vessel at Maputo as late as August 1977.[11]
