Hınıs | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Map showing Hınıs District in Erzurum Province | |
  Hınıs Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates:39°21′31″N41°42′1″E / 39.35861°N 41.70028°E /39.35861; 41.70028 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Serdal Şan (AKP) |
Area | 1,367 km2 (528 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 24,680 |
| • Density | 18.05/km2 (46.76/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 25600 |
| Area code | 0442 |
Hınıs (Kurdish:Xinûs;[2]Armenian:Խնուս,romanized: Khnus) is a municipality anddistrict ofErzurum Province,Turkey.[3] Its area is 1,367 km2,[4] and its population is 24,680 (2022).[1] Historical monuments in the town include the castle and the Ulu Cami Mosque, said to be built in 1734 by Alaeddin, the bey ofMuş.[5] The town is populated byKurds.[6]
The district, which is 150 km away from the city ofMuş, is very close toHamurpert Lake, which has an important place in history. Hınıs district is surrounded by the Ak Dağ mountains from the north,Bingöl Mountains from the west and south, andAkdoğan mountains from the south to the east.[7][8] Hınıs district is neighbors withTekman andKarayazı districts to the north,Karaçoban district to the east, andVarto,Bulanık andMalazgirt districts ofMuş to the south. In addition, the Varto city is only 40 km from Hınıs. Hınıs is a plain district andHınıs Plain is one of the most fertile plains of the region. Therefore, agriculture and animal husbandry are the main sources of income in the district. It has the same characteristics as Erzurum in terms of climate and nature. Winters are cold and snowy, and summers are generally cool. In general, it can be said that it is 5-6 degrees warmer thanErzurum.[9]
TheHınıs Plain is an upland plain centered on a tributary of theMurat River.[10] A range of hills on the south separates the Hınıs plain from the Murat River.[10]Kocasu Creek is the biggest water source of Hınıs. It passes through the district center and pours into theMurat river inBulanık district. On the southwest, the Hınıs plain is separated from theVarto plain by a series of hills and steep valleys.[10] To the north is a range of pyramid-shaped hills called the Ak Dağ, or White Mountains, which are in turn connected to theBingöl Mountains further west by a plateau called the Menge Dağ.[10] The Menge Dağ forms the northwestern border of the Hınıs plain; from its foothills,Süphan mountain is visible over the hills to the southeast.[10] The Hınıs plain consists of two distinct, gently undulating bands that are occasionally broken up by low-lying hills.[10] The valley has fertile soil and has historically formed a breeding ground for sheep and horses.[10]
The town of Hınıs itself lies near the upper end of the valley, on a volcanic table raised above the surrounding plain.[10] At this end, more than 20 smaller streams join together into theplain'smain river.[10]
Hınıs has a dry-summerhumid continental climate (Köppen:Dsb).[11] Winters are very cold and snowy, with temperatures consistently below freezing. Summers are dry, with hot days and cool nights.
| Climate data for Hınıs (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) | −1.3 (29.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.6 (76.3) | 17.6 (63.7) | 8.3 (46.9) | 0.3 (32.5) | 13.8 (56.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) | −7.1 (19.2) | −1.1 (30.0) | 6.4 (43.5) | 11.6 (52.9) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 9.8 (49.6) | 2.1 (35.8) | −4.7 (23.5) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.1 (8.4) | −12.3 (9.9) | −5.8 (21.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.1 (41.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 8.1 (46.6) | 3.3 (37.9) | −3.0 (26.6) | −9.1 (15.6) | 0.9 (33.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 46.7 (1.84) | 59.5 (2.34) | 71.39 (2.81) | 75.16 (2.96) | 67.15 (2.64) | 24.13 (0.95) | 14.28 (0.56) | 10.77 (0.42) | 14.95 (0.59) | 47.98 (1.89) | 47.76 (1.88) | 56.13 (2.21) | 535.9 (21.10) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.5 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 7.6 | 78.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78.6 | 77.7 | 73.8 | 65.1 | 61.3 | 52.0 | 44.8 | 43.6 | 48.9 | 61.6 | 69.0 | 77.8 | 62.9 |
| Source:NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
The Hınıs plain formed the main part of the early medieval Armenian canton ofVarazhnunik.[10] During this period (roughly the 4th through 7th centuries), Hınıs was probably a fortified market town.[10] Later, after theArab conquest of Armenia, the region became divided into several small principalities.[10] Hınıs was "almost certainly" the capital of one of these principalities, which was called Sermatz in Greek sources.[10] Sermatz seems to have covered the old district of Varazhnunik as well as the Varto plain to the southwest.[10] Its rulers were probably vassals of theKaysite emirs ofMalazgirt.[10]
During theKara Koyunlu period, Hınıs was the capital of a small Kurdish emirate which was a vassal of theemirate of Bitlis, which was in turn a vassal of the Kara Koyunlu themselves.[10] The emirate of Hınıs was mainly based on the Hınıs plain but also extended south of theMurat river to includeLake Nazik and the area aroundBulanık.[10] Later, under theOttoman Empire, Hınıs formed asanjak ofErzurum Eyalet.[10]
Hınıs's old castle crowns a small rocky promontory jutting out above a depression in the middle of the plateau.[10] The castle rock is only accessible on one side, by an elevated "neck" connecting it to the rest of the plateau.[10] This "neck" was the starting point for the walls that historically surrounded the town.[10] Only a couple of towers of the castle remain intact today.[10]
TheUlu Cami is beneath the castle rock and outside the town.[10] It dates to 1734 and is traditionally attributed to Ala ed-Din, the bey ofMuş who also fortifiedMercimekkale on theMuş Plain.[10] The mosque is roughly cube-shaped, with one relatively small pyramidal cap crowning the roof, surrounded by 8 smaller domes.[10] The mosque has one, black-and-white stripedminaret, on the northwest corner.[10]
There are 98neighbourhoods in Hınıs District:[13]
