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Guybon Damant | |
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| Born | (1881-07-25)25 July 1881 Isle of Wight, England |
| Died | 29 June 1963(1963-06-29) (aged 81) Isle of Wight, England |
| Spouse | Eleanor May Brook (1913–1963) |
| Children |
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| Parents |
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CaptainGuybon Chesney Castell DamantCBE (25 July 1881 – 29 June 1963) was a British royal navy officer known for his scientific research on preventingdecompression illness withJohn Scott Haldane, his leadership over a team of divers that salvaged 44 tons of gold bullion from the wreck of HMSLaurentic between 1917 and 1924, and the covert work he and his divers performed by entering into sunken U-boats duringWorld War I and recovering code books, ciphers, and other materials for theNaval Intelligence Division of the Royal Navy.
Damant was born on theIsle of Wight to Henry Castell Damant and Mary née Wilson. His father was a solicitor and the family was of upper class origins, dating back to ancestors in the former county of Alost (now Alst, in present-day Belgium) includingPieter Damant, the thirdbishop of Ghent, whose tomb can be found there inSt Bravo Cathedral. Damant attended a boarding school called the Grange upon the Isle of Wight and later became a naval cadet aboard HMSBritannia. He married Eleanor May Brook on 23 July 1913 and had three children: Eleanor, Tommy, and Mary. Damant died on 29 June 1963 of colon cancer.
After becoming a naval cadet in 1896 Damant served on a variety of stations before joiningHMS Excellent with the intent of becoming a gunnery officer in 1905. During his training, he was given a basic course in diving since gunnery officers were placed in charge of the divers. Being an amateur natural scientist he was fascinated by the underwater world and devoted his career to diving. In 1906 he met John Scott Haldane who was commissioned by the Admiralty to find a way to preventdecompression sickness. Damant volunteered and was allowed to join Haldane as a researcher and experimental diver. This research led to the invention ofstaged decompression, which is still in use today. Damant as an experimental diver, achieved a world record in deep diving on 31 August 1906 while testing these decompression methods by achieving 210 feet (64 m) inLoch Striven. Haldane, Damant, andArthur Edwin Boycott co-authored a paper that disseminated the new knowledge.[1][2]
Damant was named inspector of diving in 1907 and worked on the salvage of several wrecks includingHMS Gladiator (1908) andHMS Blackwater (1909). He retired from the Navy in 1911 as a Lieutenant Commander.[2]
At the outbreak of World War I, Damant was recalled from the retired list. He served at HMSExcellent as a staff officer until late January 1917 when the Admiralty ordered him to recover the 44 tons of gold bullion that sunk with theLaurentic offLough Swilly on 25 January 1917. Using the mooring lighter,Volunteer, he and a crew of divers were successful at first and recovered four boxes of the gold.[3]
Then late winter gales drove them off the site for a week. When they returned, the foundLaurentic crushed by strong currents. Divers, who had been working inside the wreck, now excavated vertically until they came in touch with the gold again in June and continued salvage operations. By the time salvage was called off in September, Damant and his team had recovered 542 bars out of a total of 3,211 that had gone down with the ship.[3]
In 1918, Damant was reassigned under the Naval Intelligence Division headed byRear AdmiralReginald Hall to lead a team of covert divers to enter and remove intelligence materials from freshly sunken U-boats. The work took place mostly in the English Channel but took them as far afield as Scapa Flow. They dived on at least fifteen different wrecks, of which approximately seven provided valuable intelligence material. Damant's team, which later entered popular imagination as the so-called "Tin-Openers," materially contributed to the war effort.
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In 1919, Damant and his divers returned to theLaurentic salvage, now usingHMS Racer as theirdiving support vessel.[3] They continued to work on the project until 1924. He and his team were highly successful, recovering all but 25 bars of gold. To date, the salvage is the largest recovery of sunken gold by weight in history.[2]
Damant was made aCBE[4] in the1924 Birthday Honours and promoted to Captain on the retired list. He retired to Cowes on the Isle of Wight and continued to consult on deep sea diving and salvage matters until his death in 1963.[2]
