| Clusiaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Clusia rosea | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae Lindl.[2] |
| Type genus | |
| Clusia | |
| Synonyms | |
Guttiferae | |
TheClusiaceae orGuttiferaeJuss. (1789) (nom. alt. et cons. = alternative and valid name) are afamily ofplants including 13 genera and ca 750 species.[3] Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed inCalophyllaceae andHypericaceae. They are mostlytrees andshrubs,[4] with milkysap andfruits orcapsules forseeds. The family is primarily tropical.[4] More so than many plant families, it shows large variation inplant morphology (for example, three to 10, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits).[4] According to theAPG III, this family belongs to the orderMalpighiales.
One feature which is sometimes found in this family, and rarely in others (e.g.,Malpighiaceae), is providingpollinators with "pollination rewards" other thanpollen ornectar; specifically, some species offerresin, which certainbees use in nest construction (each Clusiaceae species offers only one type of reward).[4]
The family Clusiaceae was divided byCronquist into twosubfamilies: the Clusioideae (typical subfamily) and the Hypericoideae. The latter was often treated as a family—the Hypericaceae or St. John's wort family. Elements of the Hypericoideae are more common in northerntemperate areas and those of the Clusioideae are centered in thetropics.
Later classifications, however, divide the family in a finer way. Molecular studies have shown that the familyPodostemaceae—the riverweeds—as well as theBonnetiaceae are nested in this group. Their inclusions make the Clusiaceae in a wide sense polyphyletic, and Stevens's subfamilies need to be recognised at family level: Clusioideae as Clusiaceaesensu stricto; Hypericoideae asHypericaceae; and Kielmeyeroideae asCalophyllaceae.[5][6]
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Following Ruhfel et al. (2011)[7]
