Gunkan-bugyō (軍鑑奉行), also known askaigun-bugō, were officials of theTokugawa shogunate inEdo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usuallyfudai daimyō.^[1] Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner", "overseer," or "governor".

Thisbakufu title identifies an official with responsibility for naval matters.^[2] The office was created on March 28, 1859. The creation of this new position was an administrative change which was deemed necessary because of two treaties which were negotiated with the Americans. The open port provisions were part of theConvention of Kanagawa of 1858, which cam about as the resultCommodore Perry's second appearance in Tokyo harbor with armed battleships. More precisely, thisbugyō was considered essential because of theTreaty of Amity and Commerce, which had been negotiated in 1858 by the American representative,Townsend Harris—theHarris Treaty of 1858).^[1]

Thegunkan-bugyō was considered to rank approximately with thekanjō-bugyō.^[1]

The genesis of thegunkan-bugyō pre-dates the actual creation of the office.

The prefixkaibō-gakari meaning "in charge of maritime defense" was used with the titles of somebakufu officials after 1845. This term was used to designate those who bore a special responsibility for overseeing coastal waters, and by implication, for dealing with matters involving foreigners—for example,kaibō-gakari-ōmetsuke which later came to be superseded by the termgaikoku-gakari.^[3]

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

• Mizuno Tadanori (1859).^[4]
• Nagai Naomune, (1859).^[5]
• Inoue Kyuonao (1859–1862).^[6]
• Oguri Tadamasa (1865).^[5]
• Enomoto Takeaki –kaigun-bugyō (1866–1868).^[7]
• Katsu Kaishū^[7]
• Kimura Kaishū (1860–1865, 1866–1868)

• Bugyō

• Beasley, William G. (1955).Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868. London:Oxford University Press; reprinted byRoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001.ISBN 978-0-19-713508-2 (cloth)

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