Two of Andrea's sons continued the father's traditions:
Pietro Giovanni Guarneri (Pietro da Mantova) (18 February 1655 – 26 March 1720) worked in his father's workshop from around 1670 until his marriage in 1677. He was established inMantua by 1683, where he worked both as a musician and a violin maker. His instruments are generally finer than his father's, but are rare owing to his double profession.Joseph Szigeti played one of his instruments.
Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri (filius Andreae) (25 November 1666 – 1739 or 1740), Andrea's younger son, joined his father's business in Cremona, inheriting it in 1698. He is reckoned among the great violin makers, although he struggled to compete with Stradivari, a pervasive presence throughout his career. From around 1715 he was assisted by his sons, and probably Carlo Bergonzi.
Giuseppe Giovanni Battista was father to two further instrument makers:
Pietro Guarneri (Pietro da Venezia) (14 April 1695 – 7 April 1762), finding life in Casa Guarneri in some way uncongenial, left Cremona for good in 1718, eventually settling in Venice. Here he blended the Cremonese techniques of his father with Venetian, perhaps working withDomenico Montagnana andCarlo Annibale Tononi. His first original labels from Venice date from 1730. His instruments are rare and as highly prized as those of his father and uncle. One of his cellos was played byBeatrice Harrison.
Bartolomeo Giuseppe Guarneri (del Gesù) (21 August 1698 – 17 October 1744) has been called the greatest violinmaker of all time. Giuseppe is known asdel Gesù ("of Jesus") because his labels always incorporated the characters I.H.S. (iota eta sigma, aGreekacronym known as theChristogram). His instruments deviated significantly from family tradition, becoming uniquely his own style, and are considered second in quality only to those of Stradivari and argued by some to be superior. The famed violin virtuosoNiccolò Paganini’s favorite instrumentIl Cannone Guarnerius was a Guarneri del Gesù violin of 1743. TheLord Wilton Guarneri del Gesù violin made in 1742 was owned byYehudi Menuhin. His last work is believed to beOle Bull, a Guarneri del Gesù violin of 1744.[4]
The Guarneri family's history is partially uncertain. Anthony J. Guarnieri writes, "Giuseppe del Gesù and Peter of Venice may have been cousins rather than brothers, and Peter of Venice may have been the son ofPeter of Mantua."
"Signor Giovanni de Piccolellis, in 1885, searched the archives at the church, San Donato, in Cremona for information on the Guarneri family. His findings, published 1886, in the manuscript entitled "LIUTAI ANTICHI e MODERNI", and now available online in PDF format onGoogle Books clearly shows that Joseph Guarneri 'del Gesù' was the son of Gian Battista Guarneri, who was in fact the younger brother of Andrea Guarneri."[5]
Some of the world's most famous violinists, such asNiccolò Paganini,Jascha Heifetz andYehudi Menuhin have preferred Guarneris to Stradivaris. The average Stradivari is stronger in the 200 Hz and 250 Hz bands and above 1.6 kHz. Guarneri violins are also known by the extension ofGiuseppe Guarneri's name, Del Gesù. Del Gesùs are on average stronger from 315 Hz up to 1.25 kHz. These differences are perceived as a more brilliant sound and stronger fundamentals of the lowest notes of the Stradivari, versus a darker sound in the del Gesùs.[6]
A Guarneri violin is a center object in one ofAndrea Camilleri's mainMontalbano novelsLa Voce del violino ("The voice of the violin").
In the summer of 2010, the ex-Vieuxtemps Guarneri del Gesù, a violin built in 1741 by Bartolomeo Giuseppe Guarneri, was offered for sale at auction with a starting bid of $18 million, the highest price ever sought for a musical instrument. The violin was later sold for an undisclosed sum andAnne Akiko Meyers was given lifetime use.[7][8]
Green, Albert Wingate. Sunset in Cremona: A Fanciful Tale; Begin the Romance of Joseph Guarnerius. Ann Arbor: Edwards Bros, 1954.
Wibberley, Leonard. Guarneri: Story of a Genius. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1974. A fictionalized biography of the Italian violin maker whose instruments, unappreciated in his lifetime, were deemed among the greatest many years after his death.ISBN9780374328221.
Kilroy, Claire. Tenderwire: An Irish female violinist engages with shady characters in NYC on a hunt for what may or may not be a Del Gesù violin.ISBN9780571229758
Captain Jack Aubrey, the main character inPatrick O'Brian'sMaster and Commander series of historical novels purchases a Guarneri violin with prize money won at sea. It appears in a number of the books in the series.
