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Guangzhou F.C.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromGuangzhou Evergrande Taobao F.C.)
Chinese football club
For the football club's youth academy, seeEvergrande Football School.

Football club
Guangzhou FC
Full nameGuangzhou Football Club
NicknameSouth China Tigers (华南虎)[1]
FoundedJune 1954; 71 years ago (1954-06)[2]
Dissolved6 January 2025; 10 months ago (2025-01-06)[3]
GroundHuadu Stadium
Capacity13,394
Guangzhou F.C.
Traditional Chinese廣州足球俱樂部
Simplified Chinese广州足球俱乐部
JyutpingGwong2 zau1 zuk1 kau4 keoi1 lok6 bou6
CantoneseYaleGwóngjāu zūk kaù lokh bouh
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōu Zúqiú Jùlèbù
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuǎngzhōu Zúqiú Jùlèbù
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationGwóngjāu zūk kaù lokh bouh
JyutpingGwong2 zau1 zuk1 kau4 keoi1 lok6 bou6

Guangzhou Football Club (simplified Chinese:广州足球俱乐部;traditional Chinese:廣州足球俱樂部;pinyin:Guǎngzhōu Zúqiú Jùlèbù), previouslyGuangzhou Evergrande (simplified Chinese:广州恒大;traditional Chinese:廣州恆大;pinyin:Guǎngzhōu Héngdà), was a Chinese professionalfootball club based inGuangzhou,Guangdong. Historically, Guangzhou FC played its home matches at various grounds in their home city, most notably atTianhe Stadium andYuexiushan Stadium, and most recently atHuadu Stadium. The club's majority shareholders were the now-bankruptEvergrande Real Estate Group and thee-commerce companyAlibaba Group,[4][5][6][7] while the rest of the shares were traded in the Chinese OTC system.

The club was founded in 1954, and won several second tier titles before turning professional in 1993. Their results improved, leading to a runners-up spot in China's top tier. Unable to improve upon these results, the club went through a period of stagnation and decline before they experienced a brief revival, when they won the 2007 second division. In 2009, the club was embroiled ina match-fixing scandal and was subsequently relegated. In 2010, the Evergrande Real Estate Group decided to purchase the club and pumped significant funds into the team. They immediately won promotion and gained their first top tier title in the2011 season. Guangzhou was the most successful Chinese football club in continental competitions with twoAFC Champions League titles (2013 and2015), and participated in theFIFA Club World Cup in both years as a result. Between 2011 and 2017, Guangzhou won seven consecutiveChinese Super League titles, and after winning another Chinese Super League title in 2019, the club were relegated after the 2022 season amid financial difficulties. After the 2024 season, the club was dissolved due to failure to repay high debts.

According to aForbes report from 2016, the team was valued at US$282 million, the highest out of all Chinese football teams, with a reported operating loss of over US$200 million in 2015.[8]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

In June 1954, the localGuangzhou sports body founded Guangzhou Football Team to take part in the newly formed Chinese national football league.[2] They entered the club in the 1955 league season and named Luo Dizhi as their first manager. He guided them to an eighth spot finish in their debut campaign.[9] The league had grown to incorporate a second tier and their debut season performance final standing relegated them to the second division. Guangzhou won the division championship, however theChinese Football Association decided to restructure the league at the beginning of the 1957 season and Guangzhou were denied promotion.[10] Despite this, Luo Rongman managed the team to win the 1958 second division title; however, the club were unable to gain promotion because this time they went into receivership. They were not re-established until April 1961 and were allowed to take part in the top tier. Back within the top division Guangzhou often struggled within the league and were again relegated to the second tier at the end of the 1963 league season. They remained there until 1966 when theCultural Revolution halted football in China.[11]

Back-to-back promotions and sponsorship deal

[edit]

When the Chinese football league restarted, Guangzhou took the unusual step of abstaining from the competition and instead on 26 October 1977 brought Luo Rongman to manage their youth team.[12] The team played within the National Youth League until 1980 when it was decided that they were mature enough to play in the senior football league pyramid. They started in the recently established third division. The club's youth team development immediately paid off and players such asMai Chao,Zhao Dayu and laterWu Qunli all rapidly rose into Chinese international footballers. Guangzhou gained successive promotions until they reached the top tier. At the end of the 1982 league season Guangzhou were relegated again. They returned to the top division at the end of the 1984 season via theChinese FA Cup. Guangzhou also became the first Chinese team to gain sponsorship when the Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Factory signed a $200,000 annual deal with the club.[13]

Becoming fully professional and match-fixing scandal

[edit]
Guangzhou Apollo logo used between 1993 and 1995

Throughout the 1990s, the Chinese Football Association were demanding more professionalism from their football teams. Guangzhou was one of the first fully professional football clubs in China after the Apollo Group took over the club on 8 January 1993. The investment aided the managerZhou Sui'an to help create a competitive squad.Hu Zhijun won the top goalscoring award. Guangzhou were able to gain a runners-up spot in the1994 league season.[14] The following season Zhou Sui'an left the team after having twice guided the club to a runners-up position within the league and a runners-up spot againstShanghai in the 1991Chinese FA Cup. After his exit, the club were unable to replicate the same results. When influential international footballersPeng Weiguo and Hu Zhijun left the club, the team went into free fall and were relegated at the end of the 1998 league season.[15] With the management concerned about the team's performance, an investigation was launched which discovered that Wen Junwu and three other players were in collusion with gambling groups and were immediately expelled from the club.[16] In 2001, the Guangzhou Sports Bureau took over the club again. With significant investment coming from theZhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd it was hoped that the club could push for promotion. The division was rocked by amatch-fixing scandal involvingChangchun Yatai,Chengdu Wuniu,Jiangsu Sainty, andZhejiang Greentown. Guangzhou's new sponsors Geely immediately pulled their funding from the team to distance themselves from the bad publicity.[17] The club went through a tough transitional period until the Sunray Cave Group took over the club in 2004 and started to invest money in hopes of pushing for promotion.[18] When theGuangzhou Pharmaceuticals group took over the club in 2006, they were able to realize the ambition of gaining promotion. The club won the 2007 second division title and entry to theChinese Super League.[19]In February 2010, Guangzhou was relegated back to theChina League One in the fallout ofa match-fixing scandal despite having achieved a ninth-place finish in the2009 season.[20] The match in question was the 19 August 2006 league game againstShanxi Wosen Luhu, which Guangzhou won 5–1 when they were still playing in the China League One. It was discovered by the police that the Guangzhou general manager Yang Xu paid ¥200,000 to the opposing general manager Wang Po to secure a win at home and that Guangzhou's vice presidents Wu Xiaodong and Xie Bin knew about it.[21] With the offending participants sentenced to jail for fraud, the club was put up for sale.[22] On 28 February 2010,Evergrande Real Estate Group took over the club for a fee of ¥100 million. Xu Jiayin, chairman of Evergrande Real Estate Group, said that they would pump more funds into the transfer market.[23] His first act was to sign inChinese national team strikerGao Lin fromShanghai Shenhua for a reported fee of ¥6 million. Then, he replaced the head coach Peng Weiguo with formerBeijing Guoan managerLee Jang-soo with no indication. In the 2010 summer transfer window, the club signedSun Xiang, the first Chinese footballer to play in theUEFA Champions League withPSV Eindhoven, and the Chinese national team captainZheng Zhi on 28 June 2010. On 30 June 2010, Guangzhou confirmed that they had signedMuriqui on a four-year deal fromCampeonato Brasileiro Série A sideAtlético Mineiro with a domestic record fee of ¥23 million.[24] On 30 October 2010, Guangzhou became League One champions for the second time and returned to the Super League after a 3–1 win againstHunan Billows.[25]

Domestic domination and international success

[edit]
Guangzhou logo used in 2010

During the 2011 season, Guangzhou Evergrande further strengthened its squad with the purchase of ArgentineanDario Conca and BrazilianCléo.[26] Although the team was promoted to the Super League in the first year, they clinched the league title in late September 2011 although there were four games yet to play.[27] In March 2012, Guangzhou played and won their first-everAFC Champions League match, defeating South Korean championsJeonbuk Hyundai Motors 5–1.[28] In addition, ParaguayanLucas Barrios left the German championsBorussia Dortmund in summer 2012 to join Guangzhou Evergrande.[29]Marcello Lippi replaced Lee Jang-soo as the head coach and brought in South Korean defenderKim Young-gwon and Chinese midfielderHuang Bowen.[30] Guangzhou was knocked out of the2012 AFC Champions League when they lost 5–4 on aggregate toAl-Ittihad in the quarter-finals.[31] They became the first Chinese side to reach the quarter-finals since 2006. During the 2012 season, Guangzhou won the league for the second time in a row, becoming the first team in China to win the Super League title twice in a row, while also securing the Chinese FA Cup to becomedouble winners for 2012.[32]

In the 2013 season, Guangzhou Evergrande strengthened their squad by signing Chinese goalkeeperZeng Cheng and BrazilianElkeson.[33][34] This proved to be beneficial to Guangzhou as they became the first team in China to win the Super League three times in a row.[35] The club also won the2013 AFC Champions League by defeatingFC Seoul in the final on theaway goals rule, after drawing 2–2 in the first leg inSeoul and 1–1 in the second leg in Guangzhou, becoming the first Chinese side to win the tournament since 1990.[36] By winning the AFC Champions League, Guangzhou was assured a place in the2013 FIFA Club World Cup, entering in the quarter-finals, beating theAfrican championsAl-Ahly 2–0.[37] In the semi-finals, they were defeated by theEuropean championsBayern Munich 3–0.[38] In the third place match, the club lost against theSouth American champions Atlético Mineiro 3–2 and finished in fourth place.[39] Guangzhou won its fourth and fifth consecutive Chinese Super League titles in2014 and2015, respectively.[40] On 21 November 2015, the club won its second continental championship, defeatingAl-Ahli 1–0 on aggregate in the2015 AFC Champions League Final.[41] In the2015 FIFA Club World Cup, Guangzhou won 2–1 againstClub América in the quarter-finals before losing 3–0 againstBarcelona in the semi-finals.[42][43] Guangzhou also lost the third place match 2–1 againstHiroshima Sanfrecce, ending up in the same position as in the 2013 edition.[44] By 2020, Guangzhou Evergrande won a total of eight Super League championships, including seven consecutive titles from 2011 to 2017.[45][46]

Financial troubles, relegation and disbandment

[edit]

Ahead of the 2021 season, the team was renamed Guangzhou FC due to the Chinese Football Association's request for "neutral" names that would omit references to the investors and companies that own the club.[47] In the same year, theChinese financial crisis and the problems of the Evergrande Group caused the financial collapse of the club.[48] After losing several key players, the team was relegated from the Super League in2022, ending their twelve-season stay in the top flight.[49]

In January 2025, Guangzhou FC were expelled from the professional leagues of Chinese football, following the failure to pay off enough of their debt.[50] As a result, the club announced its disbandment.[3]

Stadiums

[edit]
Main articles:Yuexiushan Stadium,Tianhe Stadium,Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium,Huadu Stadium, andGuangzhou Football Park

Before the start of the2023 China League One season, Guangzhou moved toYuexiushan Stadium, the former ground ofGuangzhou City.[51] Previously, they played their home games atTianhe Stadium with a capacity for 54,856 spectators. In April 2020, construction work began on the new 100,000-capacityGuangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium. Completion was scheduled for December 2022, in time to host the opening ceremony of the2023 AFC Asian Cup.[52] However, due to theChinese property sector crisis, sparked by theEvergrande Group, the project was cancelled in mid-2022.[53] On 29 February 2024, Guangzhou announced a move to theHuadu Stadium.[54]

Ownership and naming history

[edit]
YearOwnerClub nameSponsored team name
1954–55Central and Southern China Institute of SportsCentral and Southern China Sports Institute Football TeamCentral and Southern China White
1955Guangzhou
1956Central and Southern China White
1956–57Guangzhou Institute of SportsGuangzhou Institute of Sports Football Team
1958Guangzhou Football Team
1959–61Guangzhou Public Security BureauGuangzhou Vanguard Football Team
1962–66Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football Team
1977–79Guangzhou Youth Football Team
1980–84Guangzhou Football Team
1985–89Guangzhou Baiyun
1989–93Guangzhou Football Club
1993–2000Guangdong Apollo GroupGuangzhou Apollo Football Club
2001–02Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football ClubGuangzhouGeely
2002–03GuangzhouXiangxue
2004–05Sunray Cave GroupGuangzhou Sunray Cave
2006–07Guangzhou Pharmaceutical HoldingsGuangzhou GPC Football Club
2008Guangzhou GPC Zhongyi
2009Guangzhou GPC Baiyunshan
2010Guangzhou Sports BureauGuangzhou Football Club
2010Evergrande Real Estate GroupGuangzhou Evergrande Football ClubGuangzhouGAC
2011–14
2014–15Evergrande Real Estate Group (50%→60%)
Alibaba Group (50%→40%)
Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club
2016–20Evergrande Real Estate Group (56.71%)
Alibaba Group (37.81%)
Other shareholders inNEEQ (5.48%)
2021–25Guangzhou Football Club

Sponsorship

[edit]

Kit manufacturers

[edit]
PeriodKit manufacturer
1994Umbro
1995Reebok
1996Diadora
1997Reebok
1998–2005Ucan
2006–2007Godedke
2008–2023Nike
2024Kelme

Rivalries

[edit]
Main article:Guangzhou derby

When professionalism was established within the Chinese football leagues in 1994, it allowed more than one team to play within each region. This saw the establishment ofGuangzhou Matsunichi which used to be the youth academy of Guangzhou FC before being sold to Matsunichi Digital Holdings Limited.[55] Direct ties between these two teams also saw them share theYuexiushan Stadium. In their first meeting in the first round of the 1995 Chinese FA Cup, Matsunichi beat Guangzhou FC 4–3 on aggregate.[56] For a brief period during the 1998 season, both teams were in the top tier with Matsunichi finishing higher than Guangzhou FC; however, the rivalry would reach its peak and subsequent conclusion during the 2000 season with both clubs in the second tier fighting relegation. On 15 July 2000, Guangzhou FC won 3–1 against Matsunichi which inevitably helped lead to Matsunichi's relegation, causing Matsunichi to disband at the end of the season.[57][58]

WhenGuangzhou R&F moved to the city ofGuangzhou, a local derby, often referred to as the Canton derby, was born.[59] The first Canton derby was at Yuexiushan Stadium on 16 March 2012 as Guangzhou Evergrande lost 2–0 against Guangzhou R&F.[60] Relations between the two club owners remain cordial off the pitch and club ownersXu Jiayin and Zhang Li were seen enjoying a meal together instead of watching the second derby in 2012, which Guangzhou R&F also won.[61][62]

Managerial history

[edit]

Amateur period (1954–1993)

[edit]
 
ManagerPeriod
China Luo Dizhi1954–1956
China Zeng Peifu1956
China Zheng Deyao1956
China Luo Rongman1956–1961
China Li Wenjun1964
China Lin Xiaocai1966–1976
China Luo Rongman1977
China Feng Meilu1977
 
ManagerPeriod
China Luo Rongman1978–1982
China Cai Tangyao1983–1984
China Chen Yiming1985
ChinaQi Wusheng1986–1988
China Xie Zhiguang1989
China Chen Yiming1990
ChinaZhou Sui'an1991–1993

Professional period (1994–2024)

[edit]
ManagerPeriodHonours
ChinaZhou Sui'an[63]1994 – 7 June 1995
China Zhang Jingtian[64]8 June 1995 – 28 December 1995
China Xie ZhiguangJanuary 1996 – 15 April 1996
China Xian Dixiong[65]16 April 1996 – December 1996
China Chen Yiming[66]January 1997 – 13 August 1997
ChinaMai Chao[67]13 August 1997 – 12 June 1998
ChinaChen Xirong[68]12 June 1998 – 4 May 1999
ChinaZhao Dayu[69]5 May 1999 – December 1999
BrazilGildo Rodrigues[70]January 2000 – 19 April 2000
ChinaZhou Sui'an[63]19 April 2000 – 23 September 2000
BrazilEdson Tavares(caretaker)[71]13 November 2000 – 11 December 2000
ChinaLiu Kang[72]11 December 2000 – 25 July 2001
ChinaZhou Sui'an[63]25 July 2001 – 2 September 2002
ChinaWu Qunli[73]2 September 2002 – 19 December 2002
ChinaZhou Sui'an[63]19 December 2002 – 18 February 2003
ChinaMai Chao[67]18 February 2003 – 31 October 2005
CroatiaDrago Mamić(caretaker)[74]25 November 2005 – 25 February 2006
ChinaQi Wusheng[75]25 February 2006 – 31 December 2006
ChinaShen Xiangfu[76]4 January 2007 – 30 November 20092007 China League One
ChinaPeng Weiguo(caretaker)[77]1 December 2009 – 25 March 2010
South KoreaLee Jang-soo[78]25 March 2010 – 16 May 20122010 China League One
2011 Chinese Super League
2012 Chinese FA Super Cup
ItalyMarcello Lippi[79]17 May 2012 – 2 November 20142012 Chinese Super League
2012 Chinese FA Cup
2013 Chinese Super League
2013 AFC Champions League
2014 Chinese Super League
ItalyFabio Cannavaro[80]5 November 2014 – 4 June 2015
BrazilLuiz Felipe Scolari[81]4 June 2015 – 5 November 20172015 Chinese Super League
2015 AFC Champions League
2016 Chinese FA Super Cup
2016 Chinese Super League
2016 Chinese FA Cup
2017 Chinese FA Super Cup
2017 Chinese Super League
ItalyFabio Cannavaro[82]9 November 2017 – 28 September 20212018 Chinese FA Super Cup
2019 Chinese Super League
ChinaZheng Zhi(caretaker)[83]7 December 2021 – January 2022
China Liu Zhiyu[84]4 May 2022 – 14 August 2022
ChinaZheng Zhi[85]14 August 2022 – 30 March 2023
China Liu Zhiyu[86]30 March 2023 – 5 June 2023
SpainSalva Suay[87]6 June 2023 – 25 December 2024

Honours

[edit]

All-time honours list, including those achieved during the club's semi-professional period.[88][89]

Domestic

[edit]

League

[edit]

Cups

[edit]

International

[edit]

Results

[edit]

All-time league rankings

[edit]

[90][91]

YearDivPldWDLGFGAGDPtsPos.FA CupSuper CupLeague CupAFCOther
19551103161233−2178
195625410131+12141aDNQ
195725bNH
195825410135+814b1NH
19611NH
19621714245–16b25NH
196318035414–103b20NH
196427bNH
196526bNH
198038341134+910b2NH
1981230246481NH
19821309212353−301815NH
1983215114222aNH
198423c8th
198511587+61774thDNQ
19861146441413+1167DNEDNQ
19871145181419−5167NHDNQ
1988125101053219+13437NHDNQ
1989114158822−14108NHDNQ
199022281132715+12352R1DNQ
19911144731613+3164RUDNQ
19921148241915+4182R1DNQ
199316b20/3d187+14b8NHDNQ
199412211563627+9272NHDNQ
19951227782827+1285R1DNQDNQ
19961227872625+1297R16DNQDNQ
199712251071420−6258R16DNQDNQ
199812648142541−162014R1DNQDNQ
19992226882630−4268R2DNQDNQ
2000222679272702510R1DNQDNQ
200122211743116+15404R1DNQDNQ
20022224992330−72111R1DNQDNQ
200322613944020+20483R1DNQDNQ
2004232121644729+18524R1NHDNQDNQ
200522615745022+28524R2NHDNQDNQ
200622415364525+20483R2NHNHDNQ
200722419416515+50611NHNHNHDNQ
20081301010104142−1407NHNHNHDNQ
20091309101138380379eNHNHNHDNQ
201022417616121+40571NHNHNHDNQ
201113020826723+44681R2NHNHDNQ
201213017765130+21581WWNHQF
201313024517818+60771RURUNHWCWC4th
201413022447628+48701R4RUNHQF
2015130191017128+43671R3RUNHWCWC4th
201613019746219+43641WWNHGroup
201713020466942+27641SFWNHQF
201813020378236+46632R5WNHR16
201913023346824+44721QFDNQNHSF
2020114f11123112+1934fRUgR2CancelledhNHGroup
202112213544717+30443R4NHNHGroup
202213438232463–391717R3NHNHGroup
202323086163143–123012R3DNQNHDNQ
2024230141065135+16523R3DNQNHDNQ
Notes

No league games in 1959, 1966–1972, 1975, and 1976; Guangzhou did not enter the league in 1960, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, and 1979.
^a No promotion.^b In final group stage.^c In Changsha Group (first round).^d Drawn matches were decided on penalties after 90 minutes.^e Relegated formatch-fixing scandal.
^f In Group A.^g Lost in theCSL championship final.^h Not played due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.

Key
  China top division
  China second division
  China third division
W  Winners
RU  Runners-up
  Relegated
  • Div = Division
  • Pld = Played
  • W = Games won
  • D = Games drawn
  • L = Games lost
  • F = Goals for
  • A = Goals against
  • Pts = Points
  • Pos. = Final position
  • DNQ = Did not qualify
  • DNE = Did not enter
  • NH = Not held
  •  – = Did not exist
  • R1 = First round
  • R2 = Second round
  • R3 = Third round
  • R4 = Fourth round
  • R5 = Fifth round
  • SF = Semi-finals
  • QF = Quarter-finals
  • R16 = Round of 16
  • Group = Group stage

International results

[edit]
Main article:Guangzhou F.C. in international competitions

Records and statistics

[edit]
Main article:List of Guangzhou F.C. records and statistics

International players

[edit]

Names inbold indicate players who had international appearances for their countries while playing for Guangzhou.[92]

Angola

Australia

Belarus

Brazil

Cameroon

Canada

China PR

Colombia

DR Congo

Honduras

Hong Kong

Italy

Korea Republic

Nigeria

Paraguay

Peru

Romania

Serbia

Trinidad and Tobago

Uruguay

References

[edit]
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