Gryfino | |
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.jpg) Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Gryfino | |
| Coordinates:53°15′11″N14°29′15″E / 53.25306°N 14.48750°E /53.25306; 14.48750 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Gryfino |
| Gmina | Gryfino |
| Town rights | 1254 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mieczysław Sawaryn |
| Area | |
• Total | 9.58 km2 (3.70 sq mi) |
| Population (2017) | |
• Total | 21,393 |
| • Density | 2,230/km2 (5,780/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 74-100 |
| Car plates | ZGR |
| Voivodeship roads |  |
| Website | www |
Gryfino[ɡrɨˈfʲinɔ] (German:Greifenhagen) is a town inPomerania, northwesternPoland,[1] with 21,393 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital ofGryfino County inWest Pomeranian Voivodeship.
The town is located on the Odra Wschodnia, the eastern branch of theOder river, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) south ofSzczecin in Poland. The western branch of the Oder, 2 km (1 mi) away from the town center, marks the border withGermany. There is a direct road link between Gryfino and the German town ofMescherin across the river.
TheCrooked Forest is located in the village ofNowe Czarnowo, just outside Gryfino.
The territory became part of the emerging Polish state underMieszko I around 967.[2] Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies it formed part of theDuchy of Pomerania. There are archaeological traces of Slavic settlement dating back to the 12th century.[3]
The settlement was built in 1230 when the area was part of theDuchy of Pomerania-Stettin in theHoly Roman Empire.[4] It was grantedMagdeburg town rights by DukeBarnim I under the name Greifenhagen in 1254.[3] In 1271 Barnim I grantedguild privileges modelled after Szczecin.[5] In 1281 the town was exempted from customs duties and declared a free port.[5] In 1284 it obtained a permission to build defensive walls[3] and was one of the Pomeranian towns that guaranteed a peace treaty between the Duchy of Pomerania and theMargraviate of Brandenburg.[5] Greifenhagen was in conflict with the town ofGartz across the Oder (currenttwin town), which was resolved in 1304.[6] In 1306 DukeOtto I allowed the town to build a bridge and a dam over the Oder and collect customs duties on it likeStettin (Szczecin).[6]
In theThirty Years' War, the town was hit by epidemics in 1625 and 1638, and was occupied by theHoly Roman Empire in 1627–1630 and bySweden in 1630–1640.[3] After the war, it remained in Swedish possession. In 1675 it was captured by theBrandenburg-Prussia, into whose possession it came finally in 1679.[4] In 1709 Polish KingStanisław Leszczyński stopped in the town.[3] In 1723,FrenchHuguenots settled in Greifenhagen.[3] During theSeven Years' War, the town was plundered by the Russians.[3] Following theunification of Germany in 1871, Greifenhagen became part of theGerman Empire. In 1877 it was connected to the railroad and in 1914 theBerlin-Stettin shipping route was opened allowing Greifenhagen's economy to expand.
Two labour camps of theReich Labour Service were located in the town underNazi Germany.[7] In the final months ofWorld War II, in March 1945, it was captured bySoviet and Polish forces.[8] During the conquest the town center was heavily destroyed. Afterwards, the region became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until theFall of Communism in the 1980s. The remaining German population wasexpelled in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement and gradually replaced by Polish settlers. Despite the existence of the old Polish nameGryfów,[9] the town was first renamed toGryfin,[10] and in 1946 toGryfino by replacing the German suffix -hagen by the Polish suffix -ino.[11]
After the war, the town's life was reestablished, in 1945 the first schools began teaching, in 1946 the Gryf cinema was opened, and in 1947 the municipal library was opened.[3] A new hospital and culture center were opened in 1955 and 1958, respectively.[3] From 1975 to 1998 Gryfino was administratively located in theSzczecin Voivodeship.Underground anti-communist press was published in Gryfino from 1982 to 1984.[3] In 2021, a mural toPolish resistance heroWitold Pilecki was unveiled in Gryfino.[12]
In 1974 the first unit ofDolna Odra Power Station, a large coal-fired power station, went in service.
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The main local sports team arehandball team KPR Gryfino, which competes in the I liga (as of 2023–24),[14] andfootball teamEnergetyk Gryfino [pl], which competes in the lower divisions. There are also various youth clubs dedicated toathletics,gymnastics,[15] swimming,[16] chess,[17] etc.
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There is a railway station in the town, located on the significantWrocław–Szczecin railway.
Gryfino istwinned with:[citation needed]
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Greifenhagen".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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