Grunwald[ˈɡrunvalt] is a part of the city ofPoznań in westernPoland. It was one of the five governmental districts(dzielnica) into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes (seeAdministrative division of Poznań).
The name "Grunwald" comes from the name of the streetulica Grunwaldzka, which had been so named in 1919 in commemoration of theBattle of Grunwald. A neighbourhood located in the vicinity of that street came to be known as Grunwald, and that name was transferred to the entiredzielnica, covering the south-western parts of the city, on its creation in 1954. The name continues to be popularly used to refer specifically to the original neighbourhood, as reflected in the names of three of theosiedles into which Poznań is now divided:Stary Grunwald ("Old Grunwald"),Grunwald Północ ("Grunwald North") andGrunwald Południe ("Grunwald South"). For otherosiedles contained within the wider district, seeAdministrative division of Poznań.
Grunwald has an area of 36.2 square kilometres (14.0 sq mi), which is 13.8% of the total area of Poznań. Its population of 125,500 accounts for 21.9% of the city's total. The population density is 3,467 persons/km².
Grunwald is bounded by the districts ofWilda andStare Miasto to the east, andJeżyce to the north. It is also bordered by the town ofLuboń to the south, and the administrative districts(gminas) ofDopiewo to the west andKomorniki to the south-west.
The boundary between Grunwald andJeżyce is marked by the streetulica Bukowska, which runs from the city centre toPoznań Ławica Airport (and onwards towardsBuk). Grunwald's eastern boundary largely coincides with the railway line running south and then west from Poznań's main station(Poznań Główny).
At the north-east corner of Grunwald is thePoznań International Fairs site. South of this is the western entrance to Poznań Główny station, and then an industrial area adjacent to the railway. Leading south-west from the station is the main streetulica Głogowska, which runs pastPark Wilsona – a park named for U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilson, containing aband shell and Poznań's Palm House(Palmiarnia). Głogowska then passes through the old district of Łazarz (with its open-air market,Rynek Łazarski), crosses the western branch of the railway at Górczyn, meets theA2 motorway at the Komorniki junction at the southern edge of the city, and continues towardsWrocław. Another mainradial route isulica Grunwaldzka, which passes through Grunwald's main residential areas, including Ostroróg in the north of the district, the modernosiedle Kopernika ("Copernicus estate"), and Junikowo andPlewiska in the south-west. Junikowo is the site of one of Poznań's two main cemeteries (the other being at Miłostowo inNowe Miasto). Close to Grunwaldzka's junction withulica Bułgarska is the city's main football stadium (Stadion Miejski), home ground ofLech Poznań and aEuro 2012 group C venue.
North of Junikowo is an extensive green area, including the Marcelin Woods(Lasek Marceliński). North of this are the neighbourhoods of Marcelin, Pogodno, Edwardowo, Wydmy and Ławica (which gives its name to Poznań Ławica Airport, situated just to the north inJeżyce district).
Other neighbourhoods within Grunwald include Skórzewo to the north-west of Junikowo cemetery (adjoining a village outside the city boundary also calledSkórzewo), Raszyn between Górczyn and Osiedle Kopernika, Zatorze to the east of Górczyn, and the mainly industrial Rudnicze and Kopanina south of Junikowo. Beginning between Rudnicze and Kopanina and running south is a series of small lakes, and the Junikowo Stream(Strumień Junikowski) also flows through this region, eventually reaching theWarta river inLuboń.
In the extreme south-west of Grunwald are the neighbourhoods of Fabianowo and Kotowo, and anAuchan retail park close to the A2 junction.
The areas in the heart of Grunwald, east of Łazarz, formerly contained extensive military barracks, originally built under German rule in the late 19th century to house the troops building and manning the city's defensive forts (seePoznań Fortress). These areas are now mainly residential. Also in this area isJan Kasprowicz Park, which contains theArena indoor sports and concert venue, as well as other sports grounds.
The branch of the railway running west towardsBerlin passes through southern Grunwald, where the stations Poznań Górczyn and Poznań Junikowo are situated. Górczyn and Junikowo are also termini fortrams running along Głogowska and Grunwaldzka to the city centre; Górczyn is also a bus terminus.
Of the neighbourhoods in today's Grunwald district, the first to be brought within the city of Poznań wereŁazarz andGórczyn, in the expansion of the city boundaries which took place in 1900 (when Poznań was part of theGerman Empire). Most of the remainder of the district was incorporated into the city in 1940–1942, during theNazi occupation. At this time the neighbourhoods were given German names, includingHermannstadt for Łazarz,Lenzingen for Junikowo andSteineck for Ławica.
The neighbourhood ofPlewiska was brought within the city boundaries in 1987 (with part remaining outside the city as a separate village).
One historic building is theEvangelical-Augsburg Chapel, Poznań.
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