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Group 4 (motorsport)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Motorsport regulations
AFord GT40 contesting the Group 4 Sports Car category at the 19691000 km Nürburgring, marked with an S on the rear
A Group 4Porsche 906
A Group 4Alpine A110 1800
A Group 4De Tomaso Pantera GTS

Group 4 referred to regulations forsportscars andgrand touring (GT) cars used inracing andrallying, as regulated by theFIA. The group was introduced in 1954 and was replaced byGroup B for the 1982 season.

BMW M1 Procar, used in theM1 Procar Championship. These cars were designed and built to FIA Group 4 racing specifications.

Production requirements

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Prior to 1966, the FIA's Group 4 classification applied to Sports Cars which were in compliance with FIA Appendix C regulations. It also included recognised Series Touring Cars, Improved Touring Cars and Grand Touring Cars which had been modified beyond the respective Group 1, Group 2 or Group 3 regulations under which they had beenhomologated.[1][2]

Beginning with 1966, an overhaul of FIA categories saw Group 4 Sports Cars redefined such that they were now subject to a minimum production requirement of 50 units in 12 consecutive months and had to be fitted with all equipment necessary for use on public roads. A 5000cc engine capacity limit was applied for 1968 and the minimum production requirement was reduced to 25 units for the 1969 season.[3]

For 1969,Appendix J of the FIA International Sporting Code defined groups forTouring cars,Grand Touring cars andSports cars as follows: (numbers between brackets are required minimum production in 12 consecutive months).[4]

  • Group 1: series-production touring cars (5,000)
  • Group 2: touring cars (1,000)
  • Group 3: grand touring cars (500)
  • Group 4: sports cars (25)
  • Group 5: special touring cars
  • Group 6: prototype-sports cars

For 1970, the limited production sports car category was renamed from Group 4 toGroup 5[5] and, in the same year,[6] Group 4 became the class for special grand touring cars with minimum production of 500 in 12 consecutive months[7]

For 1971, the relevant FIA classifications were as follows:[7]

  • Group 1: series-production touring cars (5,000)
  • Group 2: touring cars (1,000)
  • Group 3: series-production grand touring cars (1,000)
  • Group 4: special grand touring cars (500)
  • Group 5: sports cars (25)
  • Group 6: prototype-sports cars

In 1976, the Group 4 production requirement was reduced to 400 in 24 months.[8]

Sports car racing

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APorsche 911 competing in the Group 4 Special Grand Touring Car category at the 19701000 km Nürburgring

In 1966 and 1967, the Group 4 Sports Cars were mostly sold to and entered by privateers to play a supporting role to theGroup 6 prototypes. While factory-entered prototypes like the 7.0LFord GT40 Mk.II and Mk.IV raced for outright victories, the 4.7L GT40 Mk I entries were competing for Group 4 class wins.[9] Indeed, competitors in the two categories were competing for two different championships, with similar looking cars, the Group 6 cars for the International Championship for Sports-Prototypes and the Group 4 cars for the International Championship for Sports Cars.

For 1968, the rules were changed, so that prototypes were limited to 3.0L, but sports cars of up to 5.0L could still be entered. It was also announced that the minimum production figure for the Group 4 sports cars would be reduced to 25 cars for 1969. With larger engines than the sophisticated prototypes, the simpler and mostly older Group 4 cars were now in contention for outright race wins. An updated old Ford GT40 Mk.I chassis was the winner atLe Mans in both1968 and1969.Porsche began work on a production run of 25 cars for thePorsche 917.Ferrari, with some financial help fromFiat, produced the similarFerrari 512S.[10]

For the 1970 season, the Group 4 Sports car category was renamed and became Group 5 Sports Cars, and Group 4 designation was applied to a new Special Grand Touring category. The new Group 4 was contested by production based cars such as theFerrari 365 GTB/4 Daytona,Porsche 911 Carrera RS and theDe Tomaso Pantera.

The Group 4 GT category was replaced by a new Group B GT class for 1983.[11]

Rallying

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Roberto Cambiaghi and Emanuele Sanfront on a Fiat 124 Abarth Rally at the Rally delle Regioni 1975 (valid for European Rally Championship)
Fiat Abarth 124 rally
A Group 4De Tomaso Pantera andLancia Stratos, pictured in 1973
Group 4Lancia Stratos HF. The Stratos helpedLancia win theWorld Rally Championship in1974,1975 and1976.
Fiat 131 Abarth Group 4 rally (1982)

The Group 4 regulations were also used as the basis for theWorld Rally Championships until they were replaced by the Group B regulations. In the mid-1970s to early 1980s rallying, it was necessary to produce 400 identical cars for homologation as a Group 4 rally car. Notable cars included theFord Escort RS1800,Fiat 131 Abarth,Lancia Stratos HF and theAudi Quattro.

List of FIA Group 4 homologated cars

[edit]
No.MarqueModelTypeImageStartEnd
220United StatesShelbyCobraRoadster 427January 2, 1966January 2, 1966
221FranceMatraDjet5S MB 8SJanuary 1, 1965January 1, 1965
222FranceAlpineA1101300February 1, 1966February 1, 1966
223FrancePanhard24BAFebruary 1, 1966February 1, 1966
224United KingdomFordGT40Mk IFebruary 2, 1966February 2, 1966
225ItalyFerrari250 LMBerlinettaFebruary 1, 1966February 1, 1966
227GermanyFordTaunusP5 HardtopApril 15, 1966April 15, 1966
228United KingdomTunexDivaGTApril 16, 1966April 16, 1966
229ItalyAbarth1300OTApril 15, 1966April 15, 1966
230ItalyAbarth1000OTR CoupéApril 30, 1966April 30, 1966
231SwedenSaabSonettII
234ItalyFerrari275GTB 4April 1, 1967April 1, 1967
235ItalyLamborghini350GTApril 1, 1967April 1, 1967
236ItalyLamborghini400GT 2+2April 1, 1967April 1, 1967
237United KingdomTVRMkIV1800SJuly 1, 1967July 1, 1967
238United KingdomLotusMark 47January 1, 1969January 1, 1969
239ItalyFerrari308GTB 4April 1, 1967April 1, 1967
240United KingdomLolaT70Mk IIIFebruary 1, 1968February 1, 1968
241ItalyAbarth1000SPMarch 1, 1969March 1, 1969
242United KingdomMarcos1300 GTMarch 1, 1968March 1, 1968
242ItalyLamborghiniUrraco P250July 1, 1975December 31, 1981
244United KingdomChevronGTMay 1, 1968May 1, 1968
245ItalyLamborghiniP400MiuraJune 1, 1968June 1, 1968
246ItalyAlfa Romeo33SpiderJanuary 1, 1969January 1, 1969
247ItalyFerrari206GTJanuary 1, 1969January 1, 1969
248United KingdomMcLarenM6GTAugust 20, 1968
249GermanyPorsche910January 1, 1969January 1, 1969
250GermanyPorsche917May 1, 1969May 1, 1969
251ItalyDe TomasoMangustaApril 1, 1969April 1, 1969
252ItalyAbarth2000April 1, 1969April 1, 1969
253ItalyFerrari365GTB 4 DaytonaJune 1, 1969June 1, 1969
254ItalyFerrari512SJuly 1, 1969April 1, 1970
255United KingdomChevronB16CosworthJanuary 2, 1970January 2, 1970
624FranceAlpineA1101600January 1, 1970December 31, 1970
625ItalyAlfa RomeoGTASprintJanuary 1, 1970December 31, 1977
626GermanyPorsche914/6March 1, 1970October 1, 1971
627ItalyFerrari246GTJanuary 1, 1971February 1, 1973
628FranceCitroënSMType SBApril 1, 1971July 1, 1971
629United KingdomRange RoverClassicApril 1, 1971January 1, 1972
630FranceRenault12Gordini R1173October 1, 1971January 1, 1972
632ItalyDe TomasoPanteraJanuary 1, 1972July 1, 1972
633ItalyFerrari365GTB 4January 1, 1972December 31, 1979
634United KingdomLotusEuropaTwin CamApril 1, 1972July 1, 1972
637GermanyPorscheCarreraRSMarch 1, 1973July 1, 1973
638FranceRenault17TSApril 1, 1974October 1, 1974
639ItalyMaseratiAM122MerakMay 1, 1974December 31, 1981
646United KingdomAston MartinV8April 1, 1976December 31, 1981
631ItalyAlfa RomeoMontrealJanuary 1, 1972April 1, 1972
640ItalyLanciaStratosHFOctober 1, 1974December 31, 1981
644GermanyOpelKadettC GT/EOctober 1, 1975February 1, 1976
645GermanyPorsche911TurboJanuary 1, 1976January 1, 1977
647ItalyAbarth131RallyApril 1, 1976December 31, 1981
648ItalyFerrari308GTBNovember 1, 1976December 31, 1981
649United KingdomVauxhallChevetteHS2300November 1, 1976December 31, 1981
650United KingdomFordEscortRSApril 2, 1977January 1, 1982
651FranceAlpineA310V6April 1, 1977January 1, 1978
652SwedenSaab99Turbo Combi CoupéJanuary 1, 1978October 1, 1978
653United KingdomLotusEspritApril 1, 1978December 31, 1981
654United KingdomB.L.TriumphTR8April 1, 1978December 31, 1981
655United KingdomPantherLimaOctober 1, 1978December 31, 1981
656PolandFSOPolonez125 PNJanuary 1, 1979April 1, 1980
657PolandFSOPolonezJanuary 1, 1979April 1, 1980
658SwedenSaab99Turbo SedanFebruary 1, 1979April 1, 1979
659GermanyAudi801600February 1, 1979December 31, 1981
660GermanyPorsche924TurboFebruary 1, 1979April 1, 1979
661GermanyDaimler-Benz450SLC 5.0April 1, 1979December 31, 1981
662United KingdomChryslerSunbeamLotusApril 1, 1979January 1, 1980
663JapanToyotaCelica2000GT Rally RA45June 1, 1979December 31, 1981
664ArgentinaRenault Argentina12AlpineJuly 1, 1979December 31, 1981
665United KingdomMorganPlus 8July 1, 1979December 31, 1981
666GermanyOpelAscona400November 1, 1979December 31, 1981
668ItalyAlfa RomeoAlfettaTurbodeltaFebruary 1, 1980December 31, 1981
669FranceRenault5TurboSeptember 1, 1980April 1, 1981
670GermanyBMWM1December 1, 1980December 31, 1981
671GermanyAudiQuattro2145January 2, 1981January 1, 1982
672GermanyPorsche924Carrera GTJanuary 1, 1981December 31, 1981
673GermanyDaimler-Benz500SLJanuary 1, 1980December 31, 1981
674ItalyAlfa RomeoAlfettaGT 6 2.5January 1, 1981October 1, 1981
675JapanMitsubishiLancer2000 Turbo A176AApril 1, 1981December 31, 1981
676FranceTalbotMatraMurena2.2August 1, 1981December 31, 1981
677GermanyVolkswagenGolf Mk I16SDecember 1, 1981December 31, 1981

In addition, cars were homologated for Group 4 as variants ofGroup 3 cars. Before 1976, this was possible using a "100-off rule":[12] clause bb of Art 260 ofAppendix J to the FIA's International Sporting Code 1975 (invoked from Art 266). This rule only required production of 100 of a "bolt-on option kit" of parts, not the production of any modified cars as homologation specials, but was deleted after 1975 and approved components banned "Effective from the end of 1977".[13] Such an approval applies to the Group 4 16-valveTR7,[12] the multi-valve head (and other parts) from theGroup 1Dolomite Sprint being approved as "valid for Group 4" on 1 Oct. 1975 in amendment 1/1V to the Group 3 TR7 homologation papers and reapproved (following production of about 60 16-valveTR7 Sprints in 1977) on 1 Feb. 1978 in amendment 10/8v.[14]

Groups 1-9

[edit]
Categories and Groups of Appendix J 1954 - 1965
Categories195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965
I. TouringA. Touring
II. SportsII. Grand TouringB. Grand Touring
-C. Sports
Group195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965
Group 1Normal series production
Group 2"Grand Touring" series prodModified series prodModified series prod
Group 3Special series productionGrand Touring Cars
Group 4Series productionNormal GT series prodSports Car
Group 5InternationalModified GT series prod-
Group 6-GT specials-
Source:[15][16]
Categories and Groups of Appendix J 1966 - 1981 (Production requirement)
Categories1966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981
A. Production
B. SpecialB. Experimental CompetitionB. Racing Cars
C. Racing Cars-
Group1966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981
Group 1Series Touring (5000)
Group 2Touring (1000)Special Touring (1000)
Group 3Grand Touring (500)Series Grand Touring (1000)
Group 4Sportscars (50/25)Special Grand Touring (500)Grand Touring (400)
Group 5Special Touring CarsSports cars (50)Sports carsSpecial cars derived from Groups 1-4
Group 6Prototype sportscars-Two-seater racecars
Group 7Two-seater racecarsInternational formula
Group 8Formula racing carsInternational formulaFormula libre racing cars
Group 9Formula libre racing cars-
Source:[15][16]
Note:Special may be replaced withCompetition in some official documents.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Article 252 of the FIA’s Appendix J regulations, 1962Archived 2006-03-14 at theWayback Machine Retrieved from www.fia.com on 11 February 2009
  2. ^Article 252 of the FIA’s Appendix J regulations, 1965Archived 2009-07-11 at theWayback Machine Retrieved from www.fia.com on 11 February 2009
  3. ^M.L. Twite, The World's Racing Cars, 1971, page 109
  4. ^Appendix J 1969, Art. 251, Art. 252Archived 2006-10-17 at theWayback Machine onwww.fia.com
  5. ^János L Wimpffen, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 710
  6. ^M.L. Twite, The World's Racing Cars, 1971, page 99
  7. ^abAppendix J 1971, Art. 251, Art. 252Archived 2005-03-02 at theWayback Machine onwww.fia.com
  8. ^Appendix J 1976, Art. 251, Art. 252Archived 2006-03-14 at theWayback Machine onwww.fia.com
  9. ^Ford GT40 MkI 289Archived 2007-01-02 at theWayback Machine onQV500.com
  10. ^1970 Ferrari 512 SArchived 2006-12-29 at theWayback Machine onQV500.com
  11. ^János L Wimpffen, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 1347
  12. ^abRobson G.,The Works Triumphs: 50 Years in Motorsport, 1993, J H Haynes & Co Ltd,ISBN 978-0854299263.
  13. ^Robson G., "Ford Escort RS1800" Rally Giants, page 16, Veloce Publishing Ltd, 2008,ISBN 1845841409, 9781845841409.
  14. ^RAC TR7 Homologation papers number 3071.
  15. ^ab"Regulations - Period Appendix J | FIA Historic Database".historicdb.fia.com. Retrieved2022-05-19.
  16. ^ab"APPENDIX K TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPORTING CODE"(PDF).

External links

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FIA categories and groups
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