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Ground fighting (also calledground work orground game) ishand-to-hand combat which takes place while the combatants are on the ground. The term is commonly used inmixed martial arts and othercombat sports, as well as various forms ofmartial arts to designate the set ofgrappling techniques employed by a combatant that is on the ground. It is the main focus ofBrazilian jiu-jitsu and is featured in varying amounts incatch wrestling,judo,jujutsu,sambo,shoot wrestling,hapkido,Dishuquan Dog Kung Fu, some schools ofshuai jiao and other styles ofwrestling.
Similarly toclinch fighting, ground fighting implies that the combatants are at a very close range, usually involving one or both combatantsgrappling the opponent using variousgrappling holds. Depending on thepositioning of the combatants, the proximity can allow for techniques such asbiting,chokeholds,fish-hooking,eye-gouging,joint locks,pressure point techniques, or variousstrikes.[1][2]
Traditionally neglected by mostgrappling arts,striking on the ground is an important aspect of ground fighting. Typically, atop position is better for various strikes than abottom position, simply because the combatant in the top position can generate the distance and movement needed for effective strikes, while the bottom combatant is restricted by the ground and by the combatant on top. Another factor isgravity, which is in favor of the top combatant when they are striking downwards. In addition, the effect of ground strikes may be amplified, depending on the area struck, by the strike driving the opponent into the ground. The types of strikes that can be employed effectively depend on the particulargrappling position. Common strikes includeelbows,headbutts,knees andpunches.[3]
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