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Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Russian:Григорий Иванович Шелихов; 1747,Rylsk,Belgorod Governorate – July 31 [O.S. July 20] 1795) was a Russian seafarer, merchant, and fur trader who established a permanent settlement inAlaska. He and his forces were responsible for the 1784Awa'uq Massacre.
Starting in 1775, Shelikhov organized voyages of merchant ships to theKuril Islands and theAleutian Islands, in what is now Alaska, for fur trading. In 1783–1786, he led an expedition to the coastal shores of the mainland, where they founded the first permanentRussian settlements in North America. Shelikhov's voyage was done under the auspices of hisShelikhov-Golikov Company, the other owner of which was Ivan Larionovich Golikov. This company was the predecessor of theRussian-American Company, which was founded in 1799.[1]
In April 1784, Shelikhov arrived in what he named asThree Saints Bay onKodiak Island with two ships, theThree Hierarchs, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom and theSt. Simon.[2] The indigenous Koniaga, anAlutiiq nation ofAlaska Natives, defended themselves from the Russian party. In what became known as theAwa'uq Massacre, Shelikhov and his armed forces, who had guns and cannons, killed hundreds of the Alutiiq, including women and children. They also took hundreds of hostages, many of them children, to force submission by other Alaska Natives. Having established his authority on Kodiak Island, Shelikhov founded the first permanent Russian settlement in Alaska along the island's Three Saints Bay.Unalaska had been established long before, but it was not considered the permanent base for Russians until Shelikhov's time.
In 1790, Shelikhov, having returned to Russia, hiredAlexandr Baranov to manage hisfur trading enterprise inRussian America.
Agulf in theSea of Okhotsk, astrait betweenAlaska and Kodiak Island, a bay on Kruzof Island (nearSitka, Alaska), and atown inIrkutsk Oblast in Russia bear Shelikhov's name. Shelekhov travelled via Shelikhov Bay in the Sea of Okhotsk in December 1786 to January 1787, after he had been left behind at Bol’shereck in Kamchatka as the winds tore theThree Hierarchs from her anchors and carried her out to sea.[3] There is a statue of Shelikhov in his native Rylsk.
His father was Ivan Shelikhov. Ivan had a brother, Andrei, who had at least two children: Semen Andreevich Shelikhov and Sidor Andreevich Shelikhov.
Grigory had two siblings: a sister, Agrofena Ivanova Shelikhova, and a younger brother, Vasilii Ivanovich Shelikhov, who went to Siberia with Grigory to assist with the business.
In 1775 Shelikhov marriedNatalia Alexeyevna Kozhevina, the daughter of a prominent clan of Okhotsk navigators and mapmakers and their wives. At his death he had five surviving daughters and one son.[4]
Grigory and Natalia had the following children:[5]
His 14-year-old daughter Anna marriedNikolai Rezanov in January 1795.[6] She died in childbirth seven years later, but had at least one surviving daughter, Olga Nikolaevna Rezanova, who married Kharkiv Governor-GeneralSergey Aleksandrovich Kokoshkin.
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| Preceded by new post | Governor of Shelikhov-Golikov Company 1784–22 May 1786 | Succeeded by |
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