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Green politics
Core topics Climate change litigation Fossil fuels lobby Green party List of topics Politics of climate change
Four pillars Ecological wisdom Social justice Grassroots democracy Nonviolence
Perspectives Alter-globalization Bright green environmentalism Criticisms of globalization Deep ecology Degrowth Dirty hands Disinvestment Ecoauthoritarianism Eco-capitalism Ecocentrism Ecofascism Ecofeminism Eco-nationalism Eco-socialism Environmentalism Green anarchism Green conservatism Green left Green liberalism Green libertarianism Green Zionism Social ecology Queer ecology
Organizations Asia Pacific Greens Federation European Green Party Federation of Green Parties of Africa Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas Federation of Young European Greens Global Greens Global Young Greens World Ecological Parties
Related topics Carbon fee and dividend Carbon tax Circular economy Climate change mitigation Climate finance Climate justice Climate target Conservation movement Corporate political activism Eco-investing Ecological economics Ecological modernization Ecomodernism Eco-tariff Ecotax Eco-terrorism Environmental conflict effects of agriculture effects of aviation finance issues justice movement planning pricing reform racism technology Environmentalism opposition Environmental skepticism Stewardship in music Fossil fuel phase-out Green development economy growth grabbing greening imperialism industrial policy infrastructure job New Deal recovery retrofit state theory transport hierarchy vehicle washing Localism Low-carbon economy List of environmental incidents conflicts killings Political ecology Progressivism Renewable energy Sustainable design development energy engineering refurbishment transport War on coal Water conflict
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Green theory is atheory ofinternational relations (IR). In contrast to mainstream theories of IR, it positsenvironmental issues as central to the study of international relations. According to green theory, mainstream theories likeneorealism andneoliberalism fail to understand environmental problems through theirrationalist and state-centric frameworks of analysis. Green theory focuses on the study ofglobal justice,international development,modernization, andsecurity.^[1] Green perspectives in IR emerged in the 1970s as a response to the increase oftransnational issues related to the environment. By the end of the 20th century, green theory had established itself within the discipline.^[2] Green theory aligns itself withpostpositivism that emerged from the so-called third (or fourth)debate of IR. The theory can be divided into aninternational political economy-oriented wing and acosmopolitan wing.^[3] Initially, the IPE wing,^[4] mainly interested in environmentalregimes,^[3] was stronger, but subsequently many cosmopolitan theorists, likeDavid Held,Andrew Linklater,Henry Shue, andThomas Pogge, have made contributions related to environmental issues.^[4]

• Eckersley, Robyn (2007)."Green Theory"(PDF). In Dunne, Tim; Kurki, Milja; Smith, Steve (eds.).International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 247–265.ISBN 978-0-19-929833-4. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 15, 2012.

• Dyer, Hugh C. (2017). "Green Theory". In McGlinchey, Stephen; Walters, Rosie; Scheinpflug, Christian (eds.).International Relations Theory(PDF). Bristol: E-International Relations. pp. 84–90.ISBN 978-1-910814-20-8.
• Lawson, Stephanie (2015). "Green Theory".Theories of International Relations: Contending Approaches to World Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press.ISBN 978-0-7456-9513-6.
• Paterson, Matthew; Doran, Peter; Barry, John (2010). "Green Theory". In Hay, C.; Lister, M.; Marsh, D. (eds.).The State: Theories and Issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 135–154.ISBN 978-0-230-80227-8.
• Paterson, Matthew (2013). "Green Politics". In Burchill, Scott; Linklater, Andrew (eds.).Theories of International Relations (5th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 266–290.ISBN 978-1-137-31136-8.
• Steans, Jill; Pettiford, Lloyd; Diez, Thomas; El-Anis, Imad (2010). "Green Perspectives".An Introduction to International Relations Theory: Perspectives and Themes (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.ISBN 978-1-317-86299-4.
• Tienhaara, Kyla; Downie, Christian (2019). "Green Theory and the G20". In Slaughter, Steven (ed.).The G20 and International Relations Theory. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 183–209.ISBN 978-1-78643-265-0.
• Vogler, John (2020). "Environmental Issues". In Baylis, John; Smith, Steve; Owens, Patricia (eds.).The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (8th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 387–403.ISBN 978-0-19-882554-8.

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