Greater St. Louis | ||
|---|---|---|
| St. Louis, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area | ||
 ANASA image of the Greater St. Louis area at night in December 2013 | ||
 Interactive Map of St. Louis–St. Charles– Farmington, MO–ILCSA
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| Country |  United States | |
| State |  Missouri Illinois | |
| Largest city |  St. Louis | |
| Other cities | ||
| Area | ||
• Total | 8,458 sq mi (21,910 km2) | |
| • Land | 8,261 sq mi (21,400 km2) | |
| • Water | 197 sq mi (510 km2) 2.3% | |
| Elevation | 466–1,280 ft (142–390 m) | |
| Population (2020)[1] | ||
| • Metro density | 339.8/sq mi (131.2/km2) | |
| • MSA | 2,805,473 (20th) | |
| • CSA | 2,909,003 (20th) | |
| MSA/CSA = 2020 | ||
| GDP | ||
| • MSA | $209.9 billion (2022) | |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (CST) | |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) | |
| Area codes | 217, 235, 314, 447, 557, 573, 618, 636, 730 | |
Greater St. Louis is the23rd-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States consisting with an MSA population more than 2.8 million, and almost 3 million CSA[3][4] the largest inMissouri, and the second-largest inIllinois. Itscore city—St. Louis, Missouri—sits in the geographic center of the metro area, on the west bank of theMississippi River. The river bisects the metro area geographically between Illinois and Missouri, although the latter portion is much more populous. The MSA includesSt. Louis County, which is independent of the City of St. Louis; their two populations are generally tabulated separately.
TheSt. Louis, MO-IL metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes the City of St. Louis; theIllinois counties ofBond,Calhoun,Clinton,Jersey,Macoupin,Madison,Monroe, andSt. Clair (known collectively as theMetro East); and theMissouri counties ofCrawford (only the City ofSullivan),[5]Franklin,Jefferson,Lincoln,St. Charles,St. Louis (separate from and not inclusive of the city of St. Louis), andWarren.[6][7]
The largerSt. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO–IL combined statistical area (CSA) includes all of the aforementioned MSA, plus theFarmington, MO micropolitan statistical area, which includesSt. Francois County,Missouri, and theCentralia, IL micropolitan statistical area, which includesMarion County,Illinois.
In 2020, the St. Louis MSA was the21st-largest in the nation with a population of 2,820,253. The larger CSA is ranked20th largest in the United States, with a population of 2,909,003.[8] It fell out of the country's top 20 largest MSAs in 2017 for the first time since 1840.[9][10][11]
As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to the headquarters of ten of Missouri's elevenFortune 500 companies,[12] sixFortune 1,000 companies, and four of the top 50 largest private companies in America, as ranked byForbes.[12] The metropolitan area received theAll-America City Award in 2008.
TheIllini Confederacy once dominated what is today the St. Louis area. During the 17th century, the population of indigenous peoples in the area was well over tens of thousands, including 20,000 in the Grand Village of Illinois. Indigenous peoples in the area built earthwork mounds on both sides of the Mississippi River, with theCahokia Mounds as the regional center. St. Louis would later receive the nickname of "Mound City".
Pierre Laclede Liguest and his 13-year-old grandson,Auguste Chouteau, selected St. Louis as the site for a French fur trading post in 1764 because it was a rarely flooded area at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. In 1770, ownership of St. Louis was transferred to Spain, and then returned to France during a secret treaty (Treaty of San Ildefonso).
The area became part of the United States in the 1803Louisiana Purchase, and steadily grew thereafter. It was the starting point forLewis and Clark. St. Louis was incorporated as a city in 1823. Between 1840 and 1860, the population exploded, particularly because of the arrival of German and Irish immigrants. St. Louis's current boundaries were established in 1876. After theAmerican Civil War, St. Louis continued to grow into a major manufacturing center due to its access to rail and water transportation. By the 1890s, St. Louis was the 4th-largest city in the United States.
In 1904, St. Louis hosted theworld's fair inForest Park and the Olympics atWashington University's Francis Field. More than 20 million people visited the city during the fair's seven-month long run. St. Louis was seen as a city of industrialization with ties to the automobile industry. TheGreat Migration between World War I and World War II brought thousands of African Americans to the city, boosting St. Louis's population to 800,000 by 1940. The population peaked in 1950 at 856,000. There was no more room for expansion within city boundaries and earlier immigrant generations started moving to suburbs that could not be annexed.
During the mid-1960s, construction began on theGateway Arch andBusch Stadium, in part to help revitalize the central business district. A 30-year downtown building boom followed. Today, there is a continued population decline although revitalization efforts are under way.[13]
| State | Major division | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Illinois | Bond | 16,630 |
| Illinois | Calhoun | 4,802 |
| Illinois | Clinton | 37,639 |
| Illinois | Jersey | 21,847 |
| Illinois | Macoupin | 45,313 |
| Illinois | Madison | 264,461 |
| Illinois | Monroe | 34,335 |
| Illinois | St. Clair | 261,059 |
| Missouri | Crawford | 23,056 |
| Missouri | Franklin | 104,682 |
| Missouri | Jefferson | 226,739 |
| Missouri | Lincoln | 59,574 |
| Missouri | St. Charles | 405,262 |
| Missouri | St. Louis City | 301,578 |
| Missouri | St. Louis County | 1,004,125 |
| Missouri | Warren | 35,532 |
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 14,125 | — | |
| 1840 | 35,979 | 154.7% | |
| 1850 | 104,978 | 191.8% | |
| 1860 | 190,524 | 81.5% | |
| 1870 | 351,189 | 84.3% | |
| 1880 | 382,406 | 8.9% | |
| 1890 | 554,648 | 45.0% | |
| 1900 | 801,131 | 44.4% | |
| 1910 | 1,003,858 | 25.3% | |
| 1920 | 1,139,877 | 13.5% | |
| 1930 | 1,359,512 | 19.3% | |
| 1940 | 1,432,088 | 5.3% | |
| 1950 | 1,681,281 | 17.4% | |
| 1960 | 2,262,624 | 34.6% | |
| 1970 | 2,535,725 | 12.1% | |
| 1980 | 2,503,549 | −1.3% | |
| 1990 | 2,580,897 | 3.1% | |
| 2000 | 2,698,687 | 4.6% | |
| 2010 | 2,787,701 | 3.3% | |
| 2020 | 2,820,253 | 1.2% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[14] 1790–1960[15] 1900–1990[16] 1990–2000[17] 2010–2014[18] | |||
As noted above, the Greater St. Louis area includes two municipalities named O'Fallon (in St. Charles County, Missouri and St. Clair County, Illinois), two municipalities named Troy (in Lincoln County, Missouri and Madison County, Illinois), and two municipalities named Chesterfield (in St. Louis County, Missouri and Macoupin County, Illinois).
Greater St. Louis contains several separately-chartered, county-level governmental units that exist independently of the hierarchical municipality-county-state structure. These span multiple counties, and even cross state lines. Generally, their jurisdiction is focused on providing specific services that otherwise would be inadequately funded or inefficiently provided. They include theBi-State Development Agency, theGreat Rivers Greenway District, the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, theMetropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District, and theSpecial School District of St. Louis County. TheEast-West Gateway Council of Governments is the federally-designatedmetropolitan planning organization for the region's transportation infrastructure.
The nearbyHannibal–Quincy micropolitan area,Columbia-Jefferson, Missouri Combined Statistical Area andSpringfield, Illinois combined statistical and metropolitan areas are technically not located within the metropolitan area as presently observed, but are regionally associated due to their proximity and accessibility to Greater St. Louis.[21]
According to the2010 United States census, in Greater St. Louis there were 2,787,701 people living in 1,143,001 households, of which 748,892 households were families.
In 2010, 98.2% of the population of Greater St. Louis considered themselves of onerace, while 1.8% considered themselves oftwo or more races. Of those of one race, 76.9% (2,214,298) werewhite, 18% (519,221) wereAfrican American, 2.1% (60,316) wereAsian American, and 1.1% (32,542) wereAmerican Indian,Native Hawaiian,Pacific Islander American, or some other race. 2.5% (72,797) wereHispanic or Latino Americans of any race.
According to aPew Research study conducted in 2014, 75% of St. Louis metro area residents identify with Christianity and its various denominations, and 4% are adherents of non-Christian religions. 21% have no religion. Of those, about 3% specifically identify as atheists, about 3% identify as agnostics, and about 16% identify as "Nothing in particular".[22]
The religious demographics of the St. Louis metro area are as follows:[22]
As of 2010, the median age for Greater St. Louis is 38.2, and 47.4% of the population was male while 52.6% was female.
| Age distribution in Greater St. Louis | ||
| Age group | Population[23] | Percent[24] |
|---|---|---|
| Total population | 2,878,255 | 100 |
| Under 5 years | 181,691 | 6.3 |
| 5 to 9 years | 186,507 | 6.5 |
| 10 to 14 years | 193,331 | 6.7 |
| 15 to 19 years | 202,140 | 7.0 |
| 20 to 24 years | 186,331 | 6.5 |
| 25 to 29 years | 196,659 | 6.8 |
| 30 to 34 years | 182,406 | 6.3 |
| 35 to 39 years | 180,523 | 6.3 |
| 40 to 44 years | 189,696 | 6.6 |
| 45 to 49 years | 222,982 | 7.7 |
| 50 to 54 years | 223,937 | 7.8 |
| 55 to 59 years | 191,601 | 6.7 |
| 60 to 64 years | 155,990 | 5.4 |
| 65 to 69 years | 114,805 | 4.0 |
| 70 to 74 years | 86,043 | 3.0 |
| 75 to 79 years | 71,860 | 2.5 |
| 80 to 84 years | 57,691 | 2.0 |
| 85 years and over | 54,062 | 1.9 |
As of 2010, Greater St. Louis included 1,264,680housing units, of which 90.4% (1,143,001) were occupied. Of those units that were vacant, 3.2% (40,553) of units were for rent, 1.6% (19,956) were for sale, 1% (12,575) were unoccupied seasonal homes, and .5% (6,771) were sold or rented but unoccupied. 3.3% (41,884) of units were vacant and not for sale or rent. Of the occupied housing units, 70.6% (807,431) wereowner-occupied with 2,075,622 occupants. 29.4% (335,570) of units wererented with 739,749 occupants.[23]
In 2010, the median income for a household in the St. Louis metro was $50,900.[25]
Transportation in Greater St. Louis includesroad,rail, andair transportation modes connecting the communities in the area with national and international transportation networks. Parts of Greater St. Louis also support apublic transportation network that includesbus andlight rail. Two commercial airports serve Greater St. Louis inclucing The principal airport,St. Louis Lambert International Airport, and secondary airportMidAmerica St. Louis Airport.
Education in Greater St. Louis is provided by 132 public school districts,[26][27] independent private schools,parochial schools, and several public library systems. Greater St. Louis also is home to more than 30[quantify] colleges and universities.
Parks in Greater St. Louis are administered by a variety of state, county, and municipal authorities, and the region also includes the state of Missouri's onlyNational Park,Gateway Arch National Park. SeveralMissouri state parks in the region and parks owned by St. Louis County are larger than 1,000 acres, while one park in the city of St. Louis,Forest Park, also exceeds 1,000 acres.
The 2014 Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of St. Louis was $145.958 billion,[28] that makes St. Louis the 21st highest GMP in the United States. The three largest categories of employment in Greater St. Louis are trade, transportation, and utilities with 249,000 workers, education and healthcare services with 225,000 workers, and professional and business services with 185,000 workers.[29] Greater St. Louis has more than 1.3 million non-farm workers, representing roughly 15 percent of the non-farm workforce of Missouri and Illinois combined. As of May 2011, 125,000 non-farm workers were unemployed in Greater St. Louis, with an unemployment rate of 8.6 percent. As of the third quarter of 2010, the Greater St. Louis region had more than 73,000 companies or establishments paying wages, while average weekly wages for that period were $833, slightly lower than the U.S. national average of $870.
The largest industry by business conducted was wholesaling with $71 billion, followed by manufacturing with $67 billion, retail trade with $36 billion, and healthcare with $16 billion. The area's largest employer by sector was healthcare with 174,000 workers, followed by retail trade with 152,000 workers and manufacturing with 134,000 workers.[30] Using available data, the combined value of business conducted in the combined statistical area was $213 billion in 2007.[30] With a gross metropolitan product of $112 billion in 2009, St. Louis' economy makes up 40% of the Gross State Product of Missouri.[31]
As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to eight of Missouri's tenFortune 500 companies:Centene (#24),Emerson Electric (#181),Reinsurance Group of America (#207),Edward Jones (#295),Graybar (#399),Ameren (#469),Olin Corporation (#472), andPost Holdings (#474).[32] In addition, the area is home to sixFortune 1,000 companies:Stifel (#633),Peabody Energy (#772),Energizer Holdings (#775),Caleres (#935),Belden (#964),Spire (#999). As well as two of the Top 50 Largest Private Companies in America, as ranked by Forbes:Enterprise Holdings (#9) andWorld Wide Technology (#20).[12]
Other notable corporations from the area includeWells Fargo Advisors (formerly A.G. Edwards),Energizer Holdings, andRalcorp. Significant healthcare and biotechnology institutions with operations in St. Louis includePfizer, theDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, theSolae Company,Sigma-Aldrich, andMultidata Systems International.
Although it was purchased by Belgium-basedInBev,Anheuser-Busch continues its presence in the city, as doesMallinckrodt Incorporated in spite of its purchase byTyco International.General Motors continues to produce cars in the St. Louis area, althoughChrysler closed its production facility in the region, which was located inFenton, Missouri. Despite its purchase byNestlé,Ralston Purina remained headquartered in St. Louis as a wholly owned subsidiary.[33] St. Louis is also home toBoeing Phantom Works (formerlyMcDonnell-Douglas).[34] In addition, theFederal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in downtown is one of two federal reserve banks in Missouri.[35]
St. Louis County in particular is home to several area companies.Monsanto Company, formerly a chemical company and now a leader ingenetically modifiedcrops, is headquartered inCreve Coeur.[36]Express Scripts, a pharmaceutical benefits management firm, has its corporate headquarters in the suburbs of St. Louis, near the campus of theUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis.[citation needed]Energizer Holdings, the battery company, is headquartered in Town and Country.[37]Enterprise Rent-A-Car's headquarters are located inClayton.[38]Charter Communications was formerly headquartered in Town and Country, until the executive team moved to Stamford, Connecticut; however, Charter has continued to grow in St. Louis and has upwards of 4,000 employees in the region as of mid-2018.[39]Emerson Electric's headquarters are located inFerguson.[40]Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is headquartered inBerkeley.[41][42]Edward Jones Investments is headquartered inDes Peres.[43][44] From 1994 until its acquisition in 2000 byTyco International, another chemical company,Mallinckrodt, was headquartered in St. Louis County. Many of the former Mallinckrodt facilities are still in operation by Tyco in the St. Louis suburb ofHazelwood, Missouri.[citation needed] Others areSSM Health Care,Mercy Hospital, and theTenet Healthcare Corporation chain.
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The Greater St. Louis area is currently home to four professional sports teams: theSt. Louis Blues (NHL) who won theStanley Cup in2019, and theSt. Louis Cardinals (MLB), who have won 19 National League Pennants, and 11 World Series Championships, theSt. Louis BattleHawks (UFL) and theSt. Louis City SC (MLS).[45]
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