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| Grand Duke Nicholas Constantinovich | |
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| Великий Князь Николай Константинович Романов | |
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| Born | (1850-02-14)14 February 1850 Saint Petersburg,Russian Empire |
| Died | 26 January 1918(1918-01-26) (aged 67) Tashkent,Russian Turkestan |
| Burial | St. George's Cathedral,Tashkent |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Prince Artemy Nikolayevich Prince Aleksandr Nikolayevich Princess Daria Nikolayevna |
| House | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |
| Father | Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich of Russia |
| Mother | Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg |
Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia (14 February 1850 – 26 January 1918) was the first-born son ofGrand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich andGrand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia and a grandson ofNicholas I of Russia.
Nicholas was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, and, like the eldest sons of all his four sons, was named after him. At the time of his birth, he was seventh in the order of succession to the Russian throne, behind his uncle, four cousins, and father.
Most royal children were brought up by nannies and servants so by the time Nikolai had grown up he lived a very independent life having become a gifted military officer and an incorrigible womanizer. In 1873, he had an affair with a notorious American woman Henrietta "Harriet" Ely Blackford. In a scandal related to this affair, he stole three valuable diamonds from the revetment of one of the most valuable family icons. The police swiftly tracked down both the diamonds and the perpetrator. When confronted by the officials and the family, he obstinately denied the facts and showed no repentance.
From April, 1874, he was placed under home arrest, and the possibility of public denunciation and even a trial was discussed. However, his uncleEmperor Alexander II decided not to present a member of the dynasty as a criminal to the public. Such a disclosure would almost certainly forceGrand Duke Konstantin, Nicholas' father, to resign from his public offices, so a less scandalous course of action was followed. On December 11, 1874, the young Grand Duke was formally declared by a decree of the Emperor to be insane and incapacitated, the only Romanov dynast ever to be so, and his property was put under guardianship. By that day, Nicholas had been alreadyde facto banished fromSaint Petersburg.
For a short period he was exiled toOrenburg and ultimately further to the newly conquered city ofTashkent in Central Asia where Nicholas lived until his death. He was still styled Grand Duke but stripped of all the royal patronages and duties and discharged from the army, in which grand dukes were normally enlisted.[1]
Blackford, who was forced by the police to leave Russia immediately, later wrote about the affair in her book "Roman d'une Americaine en Russie" under the pseudonym Fanny Lear.
He lived for many years under constant supervision in the area aroundTashkent in the southeastern Russian Empire (nowUzbekistan) and made a great contribution to the city by using his personal fortune to help improve the local area. In 1890 he ordered the building of his own palace in Tashkent to house and show his large and very valuable collection of works of art and the collection is now the center of the stateMuseum of Arts of Uzbekistan. He was also famous in Tashkent as a competent engineer and irrigator, constructing two large canals, theBukhar-aryk (which was poorly aligned and soon silted up) and the much more successfulKhiva-Aryk, later extended to form the Emperor Nicholas I Canal, irrigating 12,000desyatinas, 33,000 acres (134 km2) of land in theHungry Steppe betweenDjizak and Tashkent. Most of this was then settled withSlavic peasant colonisers.[1]
Nikolai had a number of children by different women. One of his grandchildren,Natalia Androsova, died in Moscow in 1999.
Nikolai's health was deteriorating since 1916. By then, he was the oldest living Grand Duke. He lived to see the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917, at which time he was eighth in the line of succession, never formally removed despite his alleged mental incapacity. The February Revolution of 1917 set him free, and the former Grand Duke visited Saint Petersburg for the first time in 43 years, but soon returned to Tashkent, suffering withasthma. He made his last will and testament in December 1917 and died of pneumonia on 26 January 1918.[2] He was buried, according to a permission given the Sovier comissars of Tashkent to his widow, in front ofSt. George's Cathedral (later demolished by the Soviet regime).
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Nikolai married Nadezhda (variantly spelled Nadejda) Alexandrovna Dreyer (1861–1929), daughter ofOrenburg police chief Alexander Gustavovich Dreyer and Sophia Ivanovna Opanovskaya, in 1882. Two children were born from this marriage:
Russian Empire:
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of theSaxe-Ernestine House Order,November 1858[3]
Oldenburg:Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown,15 March 1863[4]
Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of theLudwig Order,10 May 1865[5]
Kingdom of Prussia:[6]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach:Grand Cross of the White Falcon,1868[7]
Württemberg:Knight of the Military Merit Order,5 March 1874[8]
Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of theRoyal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen,1874[9]
Principality of Montenegro: Grand Cross of theOrder of Prince Danilo I[10]| Ancestors of Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia |
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