The county is home to several organizations includingEastern Arizona College and theMount Graham International Observatory, which includes one of the world's largest and most powerful telescopes. Graham County is also home to the Arizona Salsa Trail and the annual Salsa Fest.[3]
Joseph Knight Rogers, an early settler in the area, and a member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature, is known as the father of Graham County: he introduced the bill in the territorial legislature creating it.[4] The new county was created from southernApache County and easternPima County on March 10, 1881.[5] Initially, the county seat was located in the city of Safford but was later moved to Solomonville in 1883. This change was undone in 1915, returning the county seat to Safford.[6]
Graham County is named after themountain of the same name which was, in turn, named after Lt. Col James Duncan Graham. The county was the first in Arizona to break the tradition of naming counties for Native Americans.[citation needed]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,641 square miles (12,020 km2), of which 4,623 square miles (11,970 km2) is land and 19 square miles (49 km2) (0.4%) is water.[7] The county has various mountain peaks includingMount Graham, which is the highest mountain in thePinaleno Mountains.
Graham County, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the2020 census, the county had a population of 38,533. Of the residents, 28.1% were under the age of 18 and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females there were 111.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 114.5 males. 47.6% of residents lived in urban areas and 52.4% lived in rural areas.[18][19]
There were 12,150 households in the county, of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 25.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[19]
There were 13,704 housing units, of which 11.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.5% were owner-occupied and 28.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%.[19]
As of the census of 2010, there were 37,220 people, 11,120 households, and 8,188 families living in the county.[21] The population density was 8.1 inhabitants per square mile (3.1 inhabitants/km2). There were 12,980 housing units at an average density of 2.8 units per square mile (1.1 units/km2).[22] The racial makeup of the county was 72.1% white, 14.4% American Indian, 1.8% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 8.2% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 30.4% of the population.[21] In terms of ancestry, 16.1% were English, 9.2% were German, 6.9% were Irish, and 4.3% were American.[23]
Of the 11,120 households, 41.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.4% were non-families, and 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.50. The median age was 31.6 years.[21]
The median income for a household in the county was $41,683 and the median income for a family was $48,005. Males had a median income of $41,732 versus $25,990 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,644. About 15.9% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.[24]
As of the census of 2000, there were 33,489 people, 10,116 households, and 7,617 families living in the county. The population density was 7 people per square mile (2.7 people/km2). There were 11,430 housing units at an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 67.1%White, 1.9%Black orAfrican American, 15.0%Native American, 0.6%Asian, <0.1%Pacific Islander, 13.4% fromother races, and 2.1% from two or more races. 27.0% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race. 16.4% reported speaking Spanish at home, while 6.4% speak aSouthern Athabaskan language.[25]
There were 10,116 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.47.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 30.1% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.1 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $29,668, and the median income for a family was $34,417. Males had a median income of $30,524 versus $20,739 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,139. About 17.7% of families and 23.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.2% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.
In its early days Graham County was a solidly Democratic county. It voted for the Democratic nominee in every presidential election from 1912 to 1952, being one of only four Western counties outside New Mexico to supportJames M. Cox in 1920, and one of only five to supportJohn W. Davis in 1924. Since the 1950s, however, Graham has become a reliable Republican county, usually rivaling Mohave and Yavapai as the most Republican in Arizona, and sometimes, as in 2004 and 2000, being the “reddest” of all the state's counties. No Democratic presidential nominee has carried Graham County sinceLyndon B. Johnson – against Arizona nativeBarry Goldwater – did so in 1964, thoughBill Clinton, who carried significant national rural appeal as a Democrat in the 1990s, came close in 1996.[citation needed]
The county was one of two in Arizona to vote against2024 Arizona Proposition 139, which established a right to abortion in the state's constitution, along with neighboringGila County.[26]
United States presidential election results for Graham County, Arizona[27][28]
