Grünheide (Mark) | |
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 View over Grünheide with Lake Werlsee,Giga Berlin (Tesla construction site) in the background | |
.png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Grünheide (Mark) within Oder-Spree district  | |
 Location of Grünheide (Mark) | |
  Grünheide (Mark)  Grünheide (Mark) | |
| Coordinates:52°25′N13°49′E / 52.417°N 13.817°E /52.417; 13.817 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Brandenburg |
| District | Oder-Spree |
| Subdivisions | 6 districts |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2019–27) | Arne Christiani[1] (Ind.) |
| Area | |
• Total | 126.9 km2 (49.0 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 9,193 |
| • Density | 72.44/km2 (187.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 15537 |
| Dialling codes | 03362 |
| Vehicle registration | LOS |
| Website | www.gemeinde-gruenheide.de |
Grünheide (Mark) (German pronunciation:[ˈɡʁyːnˌhaɪdə]) is amunicipality in theOder-Spree District, inBrandenburg,Germany. It is situated 30 kilometres south-east ofBerlin city centre, on the River Löcknitz. In 2020Tesla, Inc. began to buildGigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg in Grünheide near theAutobahnA10.[3]
The name "Grünheide" is a compound ofgrün (green) andHeide (heath).Mark meansmarch (seeMarch of Brandenburg). TheMark suffix is added to distinguish Grünheide (Mark) from Grünheide (Dettmannsdorf), Grünheide (Oberuckersee) and Grünheide (Auerbach/Vogtl.).
The Grünheider area was a settlement area of Germanic tribes early on. Until the Reformation, all districts (except Hangelsberg) of today's community of Grünheide belonged to the Rüdersdorfer property of theZinna Abbey. This property was administered fromKagel (Grünheide) [de] for a long time. The term "Green Heyde" was first used byPrince-electorJoachim II, who in 1543 granted his brotherMargraveJohann von Brandenburg-Küstrin hunting lodge on an island in theWerlsee [de] and rights to hunt.
TheThirty Years War completely depopulated the area. It was not until 1662 thatFriedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector, approved the settlement of a sawmill. Therefore, 1662 is considered to be the founding year of Grünheide, although Klein Wall appears in the Rüdersdorfer church book as early as 1642. Since 1933, a fieldstone monument below the church commemorates the founder of the place, Elector Joachim II. Between 1748 and 1763 KingFriedrich II settled numerous small farmers and woodcutters in so-called colonies.
The making of theLöcknitz navigable in 1875 and the connection to the railway network via the nearby stationFangschleuse helped Grünheide to an upswing. Numerous wealthy Berlin citizens built large summer houses on the banks ofPeetzsee andWerlsee. Among othersGerhart Hauptmann,Bertolt Brecht,Wilhelm Bölsche andErnst Rowohlt spent the summer months in and near Grünheide.
Initially, Grünheide belonged to the III. Heath district of the Rüdersdorfer forest district. From 1889 the place was called Werlsee municipality, which was renamed Grünheide (Mark) on 16 July 1934.
In Grünheide the companyvacation camp "Alexander Matrossow" was built by theVEBIFA-Automobilwerke Ludwigsfelde and after 1990 as' 'Children's and youth recreation Störitzland' continued. There was also a holiday camp in Altbuchhorst, which was operated by the GDR printing and publishing industry.
Grünheide lies in the northwest of theOder-Spree District (German:Landkreis Oder-Spree,Lower Sorbian:Wokrejs Odra-Sprjewja; seat:Beeskow (Lower Sorbian:Bezkow)), directly bordering theMärkisch-Oderland District (seat:Seelow) to the north. Grünheide is clockwise surrounded by the municipalities ofRehfelde,Müncheberg,Steinhöfel,Fürstenwalde/Spree,Spreenhagen,Gosen-Neu Zittau,Erkner,Woltersdorf (bei Berlin), andRüdersdorf bei Berlin.
Woltersdorf (bei Berlin),Erkner andGosen-Neu Zittau directly border the southeasternmost localities ofBerlin:Rahnsdorf,Müggelheim andSchmöckwitz, all of them belonging to the borough ofTreptow-Köpenick (seeboroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin).
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Grünheide consists of the following districts:[citation needed]
![Population change comparison: Grünheide (Mark) versus Brandenburg state (1875–present)]. The development of the Grünheide (Mark) population since 1875 within the current boundaries (blue line) and its comparison to the population development of Brandenburg state (dotted line). Also illustrated is the population during the time of Nazi rule (grey background) and during the time of Communist rule (red background).](/image.pl?url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2f%2fupload.wikimedia.org%2fwikipedia%2fcommons%2fthumb%2f5%2f57%2fBev%25C3%25B6lkerungsentwicklung_Gr%25C3%25BCnheide.pdf%2fpage1-488px-Bev%25C3%25B6lkerungsentwicklung_Gr%25C3%25BCnheide.pdf.jpg&f=jpg&w=240)
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TeslaGigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg is located in Grünheide.
Media related toGrünheide (Mark) at Wikimedia Commons
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