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Gríðr

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Character in Norse mythology and legendary Danish queen

"Gridr" redirects here. For the moon of Saturn, seeGridr (moon).

Characters ofGesta Danorum
Danish kings(family tree)
Dan I Humble Lother Skiold Gram Guthorm Hading
Foreign rulers
Olimar Skat Sigtrygg Asmund Uffe Gusonis Svipdagr Sumble Henry Handwan Loker
Other men
Bess Lysir Roar
Women
Grytha Alfhild Gróa Signe
v t e

Gríðr (Old Norse:[ˈɡriːðz̠]) often anglicized asGríd, is ajötunn inNorse mythology. She is the mother ofVíðarr the silent and the consort ofOdin.^[1] Saturn's moonGridr was named after her.

Name

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The poeticOld Norse nameGríðr has been translated as "vehemence, violence, or impetuosity".^[2]^[3]^[4] Its etymology is unclear.^[2]

Attestations

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Prose Edda

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InSkáldskaparmál (The Language of Poetry), Gríðr is portrayed as equipping thethunder god Thor with her belt of strength, her iron glove, and her staffGríðarvöl (Gríðr's-staff) on Thor's journey to the abode ofGeirröðr.^[1]

Thor lodged for the night with a giantess called Grid. She was Víðarr the silent's mother. She told Thor the truth about Geirrod, that he was a cunning giant and awkward to deal with. She lent him a girdle of might and some iron gauntlets of hers, and her staff, called Grid's pole.

— Snorri Sturluson,Skáldskaparmál, 18, trans. A. Faulkes, 1987.

Gríðr is also mentioned in a list of troll-wives ("I shall list the names of troll-wives. Grid and Gnissa, Gryla...").^[5]

Skaldic poetry

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Gríðarvöl (Gríðr's staff) is also mentioned in the poemÞórsdrápa by the late-10th-century skaldEilífr Goðrúnarson.^[6]

The feller of the dolphins of the steeps [giants] advanced with violent temper with Grid's pole.

— Eilífr Goðrúnarson,Þórsdrápa, trans. A. Faulkes, 1987.

Gríðr appears in 10th-centurykennings for 'wolf' (the steed of troll-wife) and for 'axe' (that which is dangerous to the life-protector, i.e. shield or helmet).^[7]

Battle raged when the feeder of Grid's steed [wolf], he who waged war, advanced with ringing Gaut's [Odin's] fire. Weird rose from the well.

— Kormákr Ögmundarson,Skáldskaparmál 49, trans. A. Faulkes, 1987.

Riders [seafarers] of Ræfil's land's [sea's] horses [ships] can see how beautifully engraved dragons lie just by the brow of the Grid of the life-protector.

— Einarr Skúlason,Skáldskaparmál 49, trans. A. Faulkes, 1987.

Other texts

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Saxo Grammaticus refers to her asGrytha, the wife of the legendary kingDan I of Denmark, "a lady whom the Teutons accorded the highest honour".^[8] A witch of the same name appears inIlluga saga Gríðarfóstra.^[9]

The family tree oflegendary Kings of the Danes, according to theGesta Danorum (Books I to VII)

Kings of the Danes are in bold and marked with a crown (♕). Kings of the Swedes are marked with a dagger (†). Superscript numbers before a name indicate in which books ofGesta Danorum the individual is mentioned.

⁽¹⁾ Humble

KEY

⁽¹⁾Angul

⁽¹⁾Dan ♕

⁽¹⁾Grytha

Marriage or coupling

Parent and child

The Angles

⁽¹⁾Humble ♕

⁽¹⁾Lother ♕

⁽¹⁾ King of theSaxons

Succession by other or unclear means

⁽¹⁾Roar

⁽¹⁾Sigtryg, King of the Swedes†

⁽¹⁾Skiold ♕

⁽¹⁾Alfhild

⁽¹⁾ daughter of Roar

⁽¹⁾Bess

⁽¹⁾ sister of Gram

⁽¹⁾Gróa

⁽¹⁾Gram ♕†

⁽¹⁾Sumble, King of the Finns

⁽¹⁾ Wagnhofde

⁽¹⁾Signe

⁽¹⁾Henry, King of the Saxons

⁽¹⁾ Hakon, King of the Nitherians

⁽¹⁾Hardgrep

⁽¹⁾Swipdag ♕†, King of Norway

⁽¹⁾ sister of Guthorm

⁽¹⁾Guthorm ♕

^(1,2,5)Hadding ♕

⁽¹⁾ Ragnhild

⁽¹⁾ Asmund†

⁽¹⁾ Gunnhild

⁽¹⁾ Guthorm

^(1,2) Ulfhild

⁽²⁾Ubbe ♕

⁽¹⁾ Henry

⁽¹⁾ Uffe†

^(1,2) Hunding†

⁽²⁾ Thorhild

⁽²⁾ Scot

⁽¹⁾ daughter of Uffe

⁽²⁾ Ragnar†

⁽²⁾ Swanhwid

⁽²⁾ sisters of Swanhwid

⁽²⁾Handwan

⁽²⁾ Thorwald

^(2,5)Frode ♕

⁽²⁾ daughter of Handwan

^(2,3)Hothbrodd†

⁽²⁾Halfdan ♕

⁽²⁾ Ro

⁽²⁾ Skat

⁽²⁾ Thora

^(2,3)Helge ♕

⁽²⁾Ro ♕

^(2,3)Athisl†

⁽²⁾Urse

^(2,3) King Gewar

^(2,3)Rolf Krage ♕†

⁽²⁾ Rute

⁽²⁾Bjarke

⁽²⁾Skulde

^(2,3)Hiartuar †♕

^(2,3)Hother †♕

⁽³⁾Nanna

⁽³⁾ Herlek

⁽³⁾ Gerit

⁽³⁾ former King of Britain

⁽³⁾ mother of the King of Britain

⁽³⁾ a slave

⁽³⁾ a bondmaid

⁽³⁾Rorik Slyngebond ♕

⁽³⁾ Gerwendil

^(3,4) King of Britain

^(3,4) Queen of Britain

^(3,4) Gerutha

^(3,4)Horwendil

^(3,4)Feng

^(3,4) foster sister of Amleth

^(3,4) daughter of the King of Britain

^(3,4)Amleth

⁽⁴⁾Hermutrude, Queen of Scotland

⁽⁴⁾Wiglek ♕

⁽⁴⁾ son of Amleth

⁽⁴⁾Wermund ♕

⁽⁴⁾Frowin, governor of Sleswik

⁽⁴⁾Uffe ♕, aka Olaf the Gentle

⁽⁴⁾ daughter of Frowin

⁽⁴⁾Ket

⁽⁴⁾Wig

⁽⁴⁾Dan ♕

⁽⁴⁾Hugleik ♕

⁽⁴⁾Frode the Vigorous ♕

⁽⁴⁾Dan ♕

⁽⁵⁾ Kraka

⁽⁵⁾ Ragnar

⁽⁵⁾ Brak

^(4,5)Fridleif the Swift ♕

⁽⁵⁾ Hun, King of the Huns

⁽⁵⁾ Hun

⁽⁵⁾ Gotar, King of Norway

⁽⁵⁾ Westmar

⁽⁵⁾ Koll

⁽⁵⁾ Gotwar

⁽⁵⁾ Roller

^(5,6)Erik† Shrewd-spoken

⁽⁵⁾ Gunwar the Fair

⁽⁵⁾ Alfhild

^(5,6)Frode ♕

⁽⁵⁾ Hanund

⁽⁵⁾ Grep (eldest of three)

⁽⁵⁾ 11 other sons (two named Grep)

⁽⁶⁾ Hythin, King of Tellemark

⁽⁵⁾ Alf

⁽⁵⁾Eyfura

⁽⁵⁾Arngrim

⁽⁶⁾ Grubb

⁽⁶⁾Hiarn ♕

⁽⁶⁾ Amund, King of Norway

⁽⁶⁾ child of Hythin

⁽⁶⁾ Halfdan†

⁽⁵⁾ 12 sons, includingAnganty

⁽⁶⁾ Ane

⁽⁶⁾ Juritha

⁽⁶⁾Fridleif ♕

⁽⁶⁾ Frogertha

⁽⁶⁾ Hanef, King of Saxony

⁽⁶⁾Swerting, King of Saxony

⁽⁶⁾ Olaf

⁽⁶⁾Frode ♕

^(6,7) Siward†

⁽⁶⁾ sons of Swerting

⁽⁶⁾ sister of the sons of Swerting

^(6,7)Ingild ♕

⁽⁶⁾ Helga

⁽⁶⁾ Helge

⁽⁶⁾ Asa

^(6,7) Frode

^(6,7) Fridleif

^(6,7) Ingild

^(6,7)Olaf ♕

⁽⁷⁾ Karl, governor of Gothland

⁽⁷⁾ Ulfhild

⁽⁷⁾Frode ♕

⁽⁷⁾ Hather, a chief

⁽⁷⁾Harald ♕

⁽⁷⁾ Signe

⁽⁷⁾ Erik†

⁽⁷⁾ Thorhild

⁽⁷⁾Halfdan Biargramm ♕†

⁽⁷⁾ Harald

⁽⁷⁾ Asmund

Kings of Norway

Name spellings are derived fromOliver Elton's 1905 translation,The First Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus,via Wikisource.

Theory

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Her role as the donor of information and necessary items to the hero has been analyzed byfolklorists as a commonplace offolk narrative.^[1]

Notes

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^^a ^b ^cLindow 2002, p. 149.
^^a ^bde Vries 1962, p. 188.
^Simek 1996, p. 117.
^Orchard 1997, p. 61.
^Faulkes 1987, p. 156.
^Faulkes 1987, p. 84.
^Faulkes 1987, pp. 121, 238.
^Fisher 1999, pp. 1:14, 2:26.
^Lavender 2015, p. v.

References

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Bibliography

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de Vries, Jan (1962).Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German) (1977 ed.). Brill.ISBN 978-90-04-05436-3.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Faulkes, Anthony, trans. (1987).Edda (1995 ed.). Everyman.ISBN 0-460-87616-3.
Fisher, Peter, trans.Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.).Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes (1999 ed.). D.S. Brewer.ISBN 085991-502-6.
Lavender, Philip, ed. and trans. (2015).Illuga Saga Gríðarfóstra: The Saga of Illugi, Gríður's Foster-Son(PDF). Viking Society for Northern Research, University College, London.ISBN 978-0-903521-91-8.
Lindow, John (2002).Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-983969-8.
Orchard, Andy (1997).Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell.ISBN 978-0-304-34520-5.
Simek, Rudolf (1996).Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer.ISBN 978-0-85991-513-7.

Old Norse religion andmythology

Mythological Norse people, items and places

Deities,
dwarfs,jötnar,
and other figures

Æsir	Almáttki áss Baldr Bragi Dellingr Forseti Heimdall Hermóðr Höðr Hœnir Ítreksjóð Lóðurr Loki Máni Meili Mímir Móði and Magni Odin Óðr Thor Týr Ullr Váli (son of Odin) Víðarr Vili and Vé
Ásynjur	Bil Eir Frigg Fulla Gefjon Gerðr Gná Hlín Iðunn Ilmr Irpa Lofn Nanna Njörun Rán Rindr Sága Sif Sigyn Sjöfn Skaði Snotra Sól Syn Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr Þrúðr Vár Vör
Vanir	Freyja Freyr Ingunar-Freyr Yngvi Gersemi Gullveig Hnoss Kvasir Njörðr Sister-wife of Njörðr
Jötnar	Ægir Alvaldi Angrboða Aurboða Baugi Beli Bergelmir Bestla Bölþorn Býleistr Eggþér Fárbauti Fjölvar Fornjót Gangr Geirröðr Gillingr Gjálp and Greip Gríðr Gunnlöð Gymir Harðgreipr Helblindi Helreginn Hljod Hræsvelgr Hrímgerðr Hrímgrímnir Hrímnir Hroðr Hrungnir Hrymr Hymir Hyrrokkin Iði Ím Járnsaxa Laufey Leikn Litr Logi Mögþrasir Narfi (father of Nott) Sökkmímir Surtr Suttungr Þjazi Þökk Þrívaldi Þrúðgelmir Þrymr Útgarða-Loki Vafþrúðnir Víðblindi Vosud Vörnir Ymir
Dwarfs	Alvíss Andvari Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri Billingr Brokkr Dáinn Durinn Dúrnir Dvalinn Eitri Fáfnir Fjalar and Galar Gandalf Hreiðmarr Litr Mótsognir Ótr Regin Sons of Ivaldi
Heroes	List of figures in Germanic heroic legend A B–C D–E F–G H–He Hi–Hy I–O P–S T–Y people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend named animals and plants named weapons, armour and treasures
Others	Ask and Embla Auðr Auðumbla Aurvandill Beyla Borr Búri Byggvir Dísir Landdísir Dragons Draugs Einherjar Eldir Elves Dark elves (Dökkálfar) Light elves (Ljósálfar) Black elves (Svartálfar) Fimafeng Fjalar (rooster) Fenrir Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn Fylgja Garmr Gullinbursti Hati Hróðvitnisson Hel Hildisvíni Hjúki Horses of the Æsir Árvakr and Alsviðr Blóðughófi Falhófnir Gísl Glaðr Glær Glenr Grani Gullfaxi Gulltoppr Gyllir Hamskerpir and Garðrofa Hófvarpnir Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi Sleipnir Svaðilfari Jörð Jörmungandr Líf and Lífthrasir Loddfáfnir Móðguðr Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán Nine Mothers of Heimdallr Narfi (son of Loki) Níðhöggr Norns Skuld Urðr Verðandi Personifications Dagr Elli Nótt Sumarr and Vetr Sæhrímnir Skírnir Sköll Shield-maiden Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr Troll Þjálfi and Röskva Vættir Landvættir Váli (son of Loki) Valkyries Völundr Vörðr

Places
(Cosmology)

Underworld	Hel Éljúðnir Gjallarbrú Náströnd Niflhel Niðafjöll
Rivers	Élivágar Gjöll Ífingr Kerlaugar Körmt and Örmt Slidr River Vadgelmir Vimur River
Other locations	Asgard Amsvartnir Andlang Barri Bifröst Bilskirnir Brávellir Breidablik Brimir Fensalir Fólkvangr Fornsigtuna Fyrisvellir Gálgviðr Gandvik Gastropnir Gimlé Ginnungagap Glaðsheimr Glæsisvellir Glitnir Gnipahellir Grove of fetters Heiðr Himinbjörg Hindarfjall Hlidskjalf Hnitbjorg Hoddmímis holt Iðavöllr Járnviðr Jötunheimr Mímameiðr Myrkviðr Munarvágr Nóatún Okolnir Sessrúmnir Sindri Singasteinn Þrúðheimr Þrúðvangr Þrymheimr Uppsala Útgarðar Valaskjálf Valhalla Vanaheimr Víðbláinn Vígríðr Vingólf Wells Hvergelmir Mímisbrunnr Urðarbrunnr Ýdalir Yggdrasil

Events

Sources

Society

Religious practice	Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe Blót Hof Heitstrenging Horses Hörgr Worship Öndvegissúlur Reginnaglar Sacred trees and groves Sonargöltr Temple at Uppsala Til árs ok friðar Vé Wetlands and islands
Festivals and holy periods	Álfablót Dísablót Germanic calendar Þorrablót Vetrnætr Yule
Other	Death Ergi Félag Galdr Goði Hamingja Heiti Kenning Mead hall Nīþ Numbers Philosophy Rings Runes Seiðr Skald Viking Age Völva