Governorate of New Andalucía of Río de la Plata Gobernación de Nueva Andalucía
1534–1542
Cross of Burgundy
Theadelantado grants ofCharles V prior to the establishment of theViceroyalty of Peru.
Status	Governorate of theCrown of Castile
Capital	Asunción
Official languages	Spanish
Religion	Catholicism
Government	Monarchy
King
Historical era	Spanish Empire
• Created with the name "Governorate of New Andalusia"	1534
• Replaced by theGovernorate of the Río de la Plata	1542
Currency	Escudo
Preceded by Succeeded by Inca Empire Guaraní people Diaguita Indigenous peoples in Argentina Indigenous peoples in Paraguay Captaincy General of Chile Governorate of the Río de la Plata

TheGovernorate of New Andalusia^[1] was aSpanish Governorate of theCrown of Castile inSouth America which existed between 1534 and 1542.

The governorate was created as one of KingCharles V's grants of 1534, establishing theadelantadoPedro de Mendoza as its firstgovernor,captain general, andchief justice. The territory was described as extending 200leagues down the Pacific coast fromDiego de Almagro's grant ofNew Toledo, but was understood to involve the exploration, pacification, and settlement of theRío de la Plata along the Atlantic.

While in theory the Governorate of New Andalusia included all of present-dayUruguay andParaguay and large segments ofChile,Argentina andBrazil, theadelantados were only able to effectivelycolonize theParaná River, losing other territories to subsequent grants.

After the establishment of theViceroyalty of Peru in 1542, the Governorate of New Andalusia was replaced by theGovernorate of the Río de la Plata, under the supervision of theReal Audiencia of Lima.

After the territorial division of South America between Spain andPortugal, the Peruvian Hispanic administration was divided into six entities:

• Province of Tierra Firme, included theCaribbean Coast, Central America, the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Mexico.
• Governorate of New Castile, consisting of the territories from roughly theEcuadorian-Colombian border in the north toCuzco in the south.
• Governorate of New Toledo, forming the previous southern half of the Inca empire, stretching towards centralChile.
• Governorate of New Andalusia, which was not formally conquered by Spain until decades later.
• Governorate of New León, the southernmost part of the continent until theStrait of Magellan.
• Governorate of Terra Australis, territories from the south of the Strait of Magellan to theSouth Pole.

This territorial division set the basis for the Hispanic administration of South America for several decades. It was formally dissolved in 1544, when King Charles I sent his personal envoy,Blasco Núñez Vela, to govern the newly foundedViceroyalty of Peru that replaced the governorates.

• Colonial Argentina
• Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–13) —in the colonial Venezuela region.
• India Juliana
• New Andalusia Province, or Province of Cumaná (1537–1864) —in the colonial Venezuela region.

• Governorates of the Spanish Empire
• Former colonies in South America
• Former Spanish colonies
• Former political divisions related to Argentina
• Spanish colonization of the Americas
• Colonial Argentina
• Colonial Brazil
• Colonial Paraguay
• Colonial Peru
• Colonial Uruguay
• 1530s in South America
• 1540s in South America
• States and territories established in 1534
• 1534 establishments in South America
• 1534 establishments in the Spanish Empire
• States and territories disestablished in 1542
• 1542 disestablishments in South America
• 1542 disestablishments in the Spanish Empire
• History of South America

• CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters
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• All articles needing coordinates
• Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata