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List of governors of Washington

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Governor of Washington
Seal of the governor
Incumbent
Bob Ferguson
since January 15, 2025
Style
Status
ResidenceWashington Governor's Mansion
Term lengthFour years, no term limit
Inaugural holderElisha P. Ferry
FormationNovember 11, 1889
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Washington
Salary$218,744[1]
Websitegovernor.wa.gov

Thegovernor of Washington is thehead of government ofWashington and commander-in-chief of thestate's military forces.[2][3] The officeholder has a duty to enforce state laws,[4] the power to either approve or veto bills passed by theWashington Legislature andline-item veto power to cancel specific provisions in spending bills.[5] The Washington governor may also convene the legislature on "extraordinary occasions".[4]

Washington Territory had 14 territorial governors from its organization in 1853 until the formation of the state of Washington in 1889. Territorial governors were appointed by the president of the United States.Elisha P. Ferry had the longest term of eight years and went on to become the state's first governor.William H. Wallace was appointed governor but never took office due to being elected as the territory's congressional delegate.George Edward Cole was appointed governor and took office, but his appointment was never ratified by the U.S. Senate and he was replaced as governor after four months.

Twenty-two individuals have held the office of Governor of Washington since the state's admission to the Union, withArthur B. Langlie serving non-consecutive terms.Populist Party candidateJohn Rankin Rogers is the only non-Democratic orRepublican nominee to win office. The most recent governor to be fromEastern Washington wasClarence D. Martin, elected in 1932.[6] The current governor is DemocratBob Ferguson, who took office on January 15, 2025.

List of governors

[edit]

Territory of Washington

[edit]

Washington Territory was organized on March 2, 1853, from the northern half ofOregon Territory.

Governors of the Territory of Washington
No.GovernorTerm in office[a]Appointing President
1Isaac Stevens
(1818–1862)
[7]		March 17, 1853[b]
–
August 11, 1857
(resigned)[c]		Franklin Pierce
2Fayette McMullen
(1805–1880)
[12]		May 13, 1857[d]
–
March 5, 1859
(successor appointed)[e]		James Buchanan
3Richard D. Gholson
(1804–1862)
[20]		March 5, 1859[f]
–
February 14, 1861
(resigned)[g]		James Buchanan
—William H. Wallace
(1811–1879)
[23]		April 9, 1861
–
July 8, 1861
(resigned before
taking office)[h]		Abraham Lincoln
4William Pickering
(1798–1873)
[26]		December 19, 1861[i]
–
November 21, 1866
(removed)[j]		Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
5George Edward Cole
(1826–1906)
[30]		November 21, 1866[k]
–
March 4, 1867
(rejected by Senate)[l]		Andrew Johnson
6Marshall F. Moore
(1829–1870)
[33]		April 20, 1867[m]
–
April 5, 1869
(successor appointed)[n]		Andrew Johnson
7Alvan Flanders
(1825–1894)
[39]		April 5, 1869[o]
–
March 14, 1870
(successor appointed)		Ulysses S. Grant
8Edward S. Salomon
(1836–1913)
[41]		March 14, 1870[p]
–
April 26, 1872
(resigned)[q]		Ulysses S. Grant
9Elisha P. Ferry
(1825–1895)
[44]		April 26, 1872[r]
–
April 26, 1880
(successor appointed)		Ulysses S. Grant
10William A. Newell
(1817–1901)
[50]		April 26, 1880[s]
–
July 2, 1884
(successor appointed)		Rutherford B. Hayes
11Watson C. Squire
(1838–1926)
[53]		July 2, 1884[t]
–
April 9, 1887
(successor appointed)		Chester A. Arthur
12Eugene Semple
(1840–1908)
[56]		April 9, 1887[u]
–
March 23, 1889
(successor appointed)		Grover Cleveland
13Miles Conway Moore
(1845–1919)
[59]		March 23, 1889[v]
–
November 18, 1889
(statehood)		Benjamin Harrison

State of Washington

[edit]

Washington was admitted to the Union on November 11, 1889. The term for governor is four years,[2] commencing on the second Monday in the January following the election.[62] If the office of governor is vacant or the governor is unable to discharge their duties, the lieutenant governor assumes the duties of governor, though still officially retains the office of lieutenant governor.[63] If both the offices of governor and lieutenant governor are unable to fulfill their duties, the secretary of state is next in line, and then the treasurer.[64] There is no limit to the number of terms a governor may serve.[65] The office oflieutenant governor is not elected on the sameticket as the governor.

Governors of the State of Washington
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[w]
1 Elisha P. Ferry
(1825–1895)
[66][67]		November 18, 1889[68]
–
January 11, 1893
(did not run)[66]		Republican[69]1889 Charles E. Laughton
2John McGraw
(1850–1910)
[70][71]		January 11, 1893[72]
–
January 13, 1897
(did not run)		Republican[69]1892F. H. Luce
3John Rankin Rogers
(1838–1901)
[73][74]		January 13, 1897[75]
–
December 26, 1901
(died in office)		Populist[73]1896Thurston Daniels
Democratic[73]1900Henry McBride[x]
4Henry McBride
(1856–1937)
[76][77]		December 26, 1901[78]
–
January 11, 1905
(lost nomination)[76]		Republican[69]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
5Albert E. Mead
(1861–1913)
[79][80]		January 11, 1905[81]
–
January 27, 1909
(lost nomination)[79]		Republican[69]1904Charles E. Coon
6Samuel G. Cosgrove
(1847–1909)
[82][83]		January 27, 1909[84]
–
March 28, 1909
(died in office)		Republican[69]1908Marion E. Hay
7Marion E. Hay
(1865–1933)
[85][86]		March 28, 1909[87]
–
January 15, 1913
(lost election)		Republican[69]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
8Ernest Lister
(1870–1919)
[88][89]		January 15, 1913[90]
–
June 14, 1919
(died in office)		Democratic[69]1912Louis F. Hart[x]
1916
9Louis F. Hart
(1862–1929)
[91][92]		June 14, 1919[93]
–
January 14, 1925
(did not run)[91]		Republican[69]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1920William J. Coyle
10Roland H. Hartley
(1864–1952)
[94][95]		January 14, 1925[96]
–
January 11, 1933
(lost nomination)[y]		Republican[69]1924W. Lon Johnson
1928John Arthur Gellatly
11Clarence D. Martin
(1886–1955)
[97][98]		January 11, 1933[99]
–
January 15, 1941
(lost nomination)[z]		Democratic[69]1932Victor Aloysius Meyers[aa]
1936
12Arthur B. Langlie
(1900–1966)
[100][101]		January 15, 1941[102]
–
January 10, 1945
(lost election)		Republican[69]1940
13Monrad Wallgren
(1891–1961)
[103][104]		January 10, 1945[105]
–
January 12, 1949
(lost election)		Democratic[69]1944
14Arthur B. Langlie
(1900–1966)
[100][101]		January 12, 1949[106]
–
January 16, 1957
(did not run)[100]		Republican[69]1948
1952Emmett T. Anderson
15Albert Rosellini
(1910–2011)
[107][108]		January 16, 1957[109]
–
January 13, 1965
(lost election)		Democratic[69]1956John Cherberg[aa]
1960
16Daniel J. Evans
(1925–2024)
[110][111]		January 13, 1965[112]
–
January 12, 1977
(did not run)[110]		Republican[69]1964
1968
1972
17Dixy Lee Ray
(1914–1994)
[113][114]		January 12, 1977[115]
–
January 14, 1981
(lost nomination)[ab]		Democratic[114]1976
18John Spellman
(1926–2018)
[116]		January 14, 1981[117]
–
January 16, 1985
(lost election)		Republican[116]1980
19Booth Gardner
(1936–2013)
[118]		January 16, 1985[119]
–
January 13, 1993
(did not run)		Democratic[118]1984
1988Joel Pritchard[x]
20Mike Lowry
(1939–2017)
[120]		January 13, 1993[121]
–
January 15, 1997
(did not run)		Democratic[120]1992
21Gary Locke
(b. 1950)
[122]		January 15, 1997[123]
–
January 12, 2005
(did not run)		Democratic[122]1996Brad Owen
2000
22Christine Gregoire
(b. 1947)
[124]		January 12, 2005[125]
–
January 16, 2013
(did not run)		Democratic[124]2004
2008
23Jay Inslee
(b. 1951)
[126]		January 16, 2013[127]
–
January 15, 2025
(did not run)		Democratic[126]2012
2016Cyrus Habib
2020Denny Heck
24Bob Ferguson
(b. 1965)
[128]		January 15, 2025[129]
–
Incumbent[ac]		Democratic[128]2024

Timeline

[edit]
Timeline of Washington governors

Electoral history (1952–)

[edit]
YearDemocratic nomineeRepublican nomineeSocialist Labor nomineeSocialist Workers nomineeLibertarian nomineeOther candidateOther candidateOther candidate
Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%Candidate#%
1952Hugh Mitchell510,67547.35%Arthur B. Langlie567,82252.65%––––––
1956Albert Rosellini616,77354.63%Emmett T. Anderson508,04145.00%Henry Killman4,1630.37%–––––
1960Albert Rosellini611,98750.34%Lloyd J. Andrews594,12248.87%Henry Killman8,6470.71%Jack W. Wright9920.08%––––
1964Albert Rosellini548,69243.89%Daniel J. Evans697,25655.77%Henry Killman4,3260.35%–––––
1968John J. O'Connell560,26244.28%Daniel J. Evans692,37854.72%Henry Killman1,1130.09%––Ken Chriswell
(Conservative)		11,6020.92%––
1972Albert Rosellini630,61342.82%Daniel J. Evans747,82550.78%Henry Killman2,7090.18%Robin David4,5520.31%–Vic Gould
(Taxpayers)		86,8435.90%––
1976Dixy Lee Ray821,79753.14%John Spellman687,03944.43%Henry Killman4,1370.27%Patricia A. Bethard3,1060.20%Maurice Willey4,1330.27%Art Manning
(American Independent)		12,4060.80%Red Kelly
(OWL)		12,4000.80%Evelyn Olafson
(U.S. Labor)		1,3640.09%
1980Jim McDermott749,81343.32%John Spellman981,08356.68%––––––
1984Booth Gardner1,006,99353.31%John Spellman881,99446.69%––––––
1988Booth Gardner1,166,44862.21%Bob Williams708,48137.79%––––––
1992Mike Lowry1,184,31552.16%Ken Eikenberry1,086,21647.84%––––––
1996Gary Locke1,296,49257.96%Ellen Craswell940,53842.04%––––––
2000Gary Locke1,441,97358.38%John Carlson980,06039.68%––Steve LePage47,8191.94%–––
2004Christine Gregoire1,373,36148.87%Dino Rossi1,373,22848.87%––Ruth Bennett63,4642.26%–––
2008Christine Gregoire1,598,73853.24%Dino Rossi1,404,12446.76%––––––
2012Jay Inslee1,582,80251.54%Rob McKenna1,488,24548.46%––––––
2016Jay Inslee1,760,52054.25%Bill Bryant1,476,34645.49%––––––
2020Jay Inslee2,294,24356.56%Loren Culp1,749,06643.12%––––––
2024Bob Ferguson2,143,36855.51%Dave Reichert1,709,81844.28%––––––

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
  2. ^Stevens was nominated[8] and confirmed by the Senate[9] on March 17, 1853, and arrived in Olympia on November 25.[10]
  3. ^Stevens resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States House of Representatives,[7][11] and his successor already appointed.
  4. ^James Patton Anderson was nominated on March 12, 1857,[13] and confirmed by the Senate on March 13,[14] but declined.[15] McMullen was appointed on May 13, 1857, during a Senate recess;[12] nominated on December 22, 1857;[16] and confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1858.[17] He took office on September 10, 1857.[18]
  5. ^McMullen left the territory in July 1858, without a formal resignation; the nomination of his successor only notes that the office is vacant.[19] Territorial SecretaryCharles H. Mason acted as governor until his successor arrived.[12]
  6. ^Gholson was nominated[19] and confirmed by the Senate[21] on March 5, 1859, and he arrived in the territory on July 10.[22]
  7. ^Gholson left the territory in May 1860 on a leave of absence to move his wife from Texas to Kentucky, and never returned; he formally resigned on February 14, 1861, saying "I am unwilling for even a day to hold office under a (so-called) 'Republican' President."[20] Territorial SecretaryHenry McGill acted as governor until his successor arrived.[20]
  8. ^Wallace was appointed on April 9, 1861, during a Senate recess;[23] nominated on July 10;[24] and confirmed by the Senate on July 16.[25] However, even though he was a resident of the territory, he never took office; he instead took a seat in theUnited States House of Representatives that he waselected to on July 8.[23] Territorial SecretaryL. Jay S. Turney acted as governor until his successor arrived.[23]
  9. ^Pickering was nominated on December 5, 1861;[27] confirmed by the Senate on December 19;[28] and arrived in the territory in June 1862.[26] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on January 6, 1866.[29]
  10. ^President Johnson removed Pickering because he had publicly criticizedReconstruction era policies. Territorial SecretaryElwood Evans acted as governor until his successor arrived.
  11. ^Cole was appointed on November 21, 1866, during a Senate recess;[30] nominated on December 14;[31] but was rejected by the Senate on March 1, 1867.[32]
  12. ^Cole's nomination was rejected by the Senate on March 1, 1867,[32] and he left office on March 4.[30] Territorial SecretaryElwood Evans acted as governor until his successor arrived.[30]
  13. ^Charles E. De Long was nominated on April 15, 1867,[34] but was rejected by the Senate on April 17.[35] Moore was then nominated on April 19,[36] and confirmed by the Senate on April 20.[37]
  14. ^McMullin says Moore resigned due to ill health,[33] but the nomination of his successor specifies he was being removed.[38]
  15. ^Flanders was nominated on April 3, 1869,[38] and confirmed by the Senate on April 5.[40]
  16. ^Salomon was nominated on January 10, 1870,[42] and confirmed by the Senate on March 14.[43]
  17. ^Salomon's resignation was requested due to "financial maneuvering and excessive absences".[41]
  18. ^James F. Legate was nominated on January 11, 1872,[45] but was withdrawn on April 9.[46] Ferry was then nominated on April 24,[47] and confirmed by the Senate on April 26.[48] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on May 2, 1876.[49]
  19. ^Newell was nominated on April 9, 1880, for a term to begin April 26;[51] and was confirmed by the Senate on April 21.[52]
  20. ^Squire was nominated on July 1, 1884,[54] and confirmed by the Senate on July 2.[55]
  21. ^Semple was appointed on April 9, 1887, during a Senate recess;[56] nominated on January 4, 1888;[57] and confirmed by the Senate on January 16.[58]
  22. ^Moore was nominated on March 21, 1889,[60] and confirmed by the Senate on March 23.[61]
  23. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  24. ^abcRepresented theRepublican Party
  25. ^Hartley lost the Republican nomination toJohn Arthur Gellatly.
  26. ^Martin lost the Democratic nomination toClarence Dill.
  27. ^abRepresented theDemocratic Party
  28. ^Ray lost the Democratic nomination toJim McDermott.
  29. ^Ferguson's termwill expire on January 8, 2029.

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^"Salary Information". Washington Citizens' Commission on Salaries for Elected Officials. RetrievedJuly 4, 2025.
  2. ^abWA Const. art. III, § 2.
  3. ^WA Const. art. III, § 8.
  4. ^abWA Const. art. III, § 5.
  5. ^WA Const. art. III, § 12.
  6. ^Brunner, Jim (September 20, 2020)."Meet Loren Culp, the Republican gubernatorial candidate who wants to unseat Jay Inslee".The Seattle Times. RetrievedAugust 1, 2023.
  7. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 311–312.
  8. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess.,77, accessed July 19, 2023.
  9. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 33rd Cong., special sess.,81, accessed July 19, 2023.
  10. ^Stevens, Hazard (1901).The Life of Isaac Ingalls Stevens. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 414.ISBN 978-0-598-28143-2.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  11. ^"none".Pioneer and Democrat. August 14, 1857. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.Olympia, Aug. 11, 1857: I have transmitted a communication to the Secretary of State... resigning the office of Governor of the Territory of Washington to take effect this date...
  12. ^abcMcMullin 1984, pp. 312–313.
  13. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess.,241, accessed July 19, 2023.
  14. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., special sess.,253, accessed July 19, 2023.
  15. ^The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General.United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 31.
  16. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., 1st sess.,275, accessed July 19, 2023.
  17. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 35th Cong., 1st sess.,294, accessed July 19, 2023.
  18. ^"Arrival of Governor McMullen".Pioneer and Democrat. September 11, 1857. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.
  19. ^abU.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 36th Cong., special sess.,72, accessed July 19, 2023.
  20. ^abcMcMullin 1984, pp. 313–315.
  21. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 36th Cong., special sess.,75, accessed July 19, 2023.
  22. ^"none".Pioneer and Democrat. July 15, 1859. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.Gov. Gholson, who some time since received the appointment as Executive for this Territory, arrived here on the steamerNortherner, on Sunday last.
  23. ^abcdMcMullin 1984, pp. 315–316.
  24. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 1st sess.,376, accessed July 19, 2023.
  25. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 1st sess.,466, accessed July 19, 2023.
  26. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 316–317.
  27. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 2nd sess.,1, accessed July 19, 2023.
  28. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 37th Cong., 2nd sess.,25, accessed July 19, 2023.
  29. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 1st sess.,317, accessed July 19, 2023.
  30. ^abcdMcMullin 1984, pp. 317–318.
  31. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 2nd sess.,7, accessed July 19, 2023.
  32. ^abU.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 39th Cong., 2nd sess.,281, accessed July 19, 2023.
  33. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 318–319.
  34. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess.,717, accessed July 19, 2023.
  35. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess.,750, accessed July 19, 2023.
  36. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess.,761, accessed July 19, 2023.
  37. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 40th Cong., 1st sess.,780, accessed July 19, 2023.
  38. ^abU.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 1st sess.,76, accessed July 19, 2023.
  39. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 319–320.
  40. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 1st sess.,88, accessed July 19, 2023.
  41. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 320–321.
  42. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 2nd sess.,333, accessed July 19, 2023.
  43. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 41st Cong., 2nd sess.,391, accessed July 19, 2023.
  44. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 321–323.
  45. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess.,165, accessed July 19, 2023.
  46. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess.,229, accessed July 19, 2023.
  47. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess.,238, accessed July 19, 2023.
  48. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 42nd Cong., 2nd sess.,241, accessed July 19, 2023.
  49. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 44th Cong., 1st sess.,233, accessed July 26, 2023.
  50. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 323–324.
  51. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 46th Cong., 2nd sess.,305, accessed July 19, 2023.
  52. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 46th Cong., 2nd sess.,314, accessed July 19, 2023.
  53. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 324–326.
  54. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 48th Cong., 1st sess.,313, accessed July 19, 2023.
  55. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 48th Cong., 1st sess.,316, accessed July 19, 2023.
  56. ^abMcMullin 1984, pp. 326–327.
  57. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 50th Cong., 1st sess.,102, accessed July 19, 2023.
  58. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 50th Cong., 1st sess.,141, accessed July 19, 2023.
  59. ^McMullin 1984, pp. 327–328.
  60. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 51st Cong., special sess.,28, accessed July 19, 2023.
  61. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 51st Cong., special sess.,38, accessed July 19, 2023.
  62. ^WA Const. art. III, § 4
  63. ^"AG, Secretary of State issue joint statement regarding gubernatorial succession in the event of a vacancy". Washington Secretary of State. RetrievedNovember 25, 2020.
  64. ^WA Const. art. III, § 10
  65. ^"Constitutional and Statutory Provisions for Number of Consecutive Terms of Elected State Officials"(PDF). National Governor's Association. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on June 29, 2011. RetrievedJuly 3, 2010.
  66. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1675.
  67. ^"Elisha Peyre Ferry".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  68. ^"Garb of Statehood".The Seattle Post-Intelligencer. November 19, 1889. p. 2. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.
  69. ^abcdefghijklmnoKallenbach 1977, pp. 622–623.
  70. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1676.
  71. ^"John Harte McGraw".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  72. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 3rd legislature,44, accessed July 20, 2023
  73. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 1677–1678.
  74. ^"John Rankin Rogers".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  75. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 5th legislature,34, accessed July 20, 2023
  76. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1678.
  77. ^"Henry McBride".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  78. ^"Gov. McBride of Washington".The Spokesman-Review. December 27, 1901. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.
  79. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1679.
  80. ^"Albert E. Mead".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  81. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 9th legislature,33, accessed July 20, 2023
  82. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1679–1680.
  83. ^"Samuel G. Cosgrove".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  84. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 11th legislature,152, accessed July 20, 2023
  85. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1680–1681.
  86. ^"Marion E. Hay".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  87. ^"Governor S. G. Cosgrove Passes Away Suddenly".The Tacoma Daily Ledger. March 29, 1909. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.
  88. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1681–1682.
  89. ^"Ernest Lister".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  90. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 13th legislature,44, accessed July 20, 2023
  91. ^abSobel 1978, p. 1682.
  92. ^"Louis Folwell Hart".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  93. ^"Louis F. Hart Goes to Executive Chair".The News Tribune. June 14, 1919. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 20, 2023.
  94. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1683.
  95. ^"Roland H. Hartley".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  96. ^Washington State Legislature.Journal of the House of Representatives. 19th legislature,23, accessed July 20, 2023
  97. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 1683–1684.
  98. ^"Clarence Daniel Martin".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
  99. ^"Martin Takes Oath as New Governor".The Bellingham Herald. January 11, 1933. p. 1. RetrievedJuly 21, 2023.
  100. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 1684–1685.
  101. ^ab"Arthur B. Langlie".National Governors Association. RetrievedJuly 19, 2023.
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  103. ^Sobel 1978, p. 1685.
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