 | |
| Formation | 1851; 174 years ago (1851) |
|---|---|
| City charter | Portland City Charter |
| Website | www |
| City-wide elected officials | |
| City Auditor | Portland City Auditor |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature | Portland City Council |
| Meeting place | Portland City Hall |
| Executive branch | |
| Mayor | Mayor of Portland, Oregon |
| Appointed by | Election |
| Headquarters | Portland City Hall |
The government ofPortland, Oregon, is based on amayor–council government system. Elected officials include themayor, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professionalcity manager who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is electedat-large, while the council is elected in four geographic districts usingsingle transferable vote, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with thefirst elections under the new system held in 2024.[1]
Prior to 2022, Portland used acity commission government system, with the mayor and four city commissioners directly overseeing operations of the city bureaus.[2] Under the previous system, all elected officials were elected at-large and served four-year terms with noterm limits. Portland began using a commission form of government in 1913 following a public vote on May 3 of that year.[3]
The Portland Charter was the subject of much debate circa 1911–1912. Rival charters were drafted by four different groups, including the "official charter committee," appointed by the mayor; the "people's charter committee," constituted under the auspices of the East Side Business Men's Club; another citizen's committee which drafted the Short Charter; and the "people's committee," led by W.C. Benbow, which drafted the Benbow Charter. The Short Charter was unusual in that it would have usedBucklin voting to elect the mayor and implementedinteractive representation of the people through the commissioner system; each commissioner's vote would have been weighted according to the number of votes he received in the election. The city council appointed a committee to draft a compromise charter. This charter, along with the Short Charter, were defeated in referendums. The following year, the city council submitted another charter to the people, which was accepted.[4] Thecity commission government form consequently came into use in 1913, withH. Russell Albee being the first mayor under the new system.[3]
Ballot Measure 26–228 in the November 2022 election was an amendment to the city charter that moved the city away from a commission system of government. It expands the council from four at-large council members to 12 councilors, who are elected via single transferable vote from four geographicelectoral districts (with three council members from each district). The mayor is no longer a voting member of the council, except when needed to make a tie-breaking vote. It also transferred responsibility for direct management of city bureaus from commissioners to a city manager overseen by the mayor and confirmed by the council.[5] Previous attempts to reform the city charter had been defeated seven times since 1913,[6] including as recently as 2007.[citation needed]
The first city council elections under the new districts were held in 2024.[7] In preparation for transitioning management of city bureaus to a city manager, then-mayorTed Wheeler announced he would group city bureaus into five related service areas.[8] By 2025, six service areas had been formed, including Budget & Finance, City Operations, Community & Economic Development, Public Safety, Vibrant Communities, and Public Works. Additionally, four bureaus were placed under the City Administrator’s office, facilitating close oversight from the mayor.[9][10][11]
Terms are staggered, with the mayor and councilors for districts 1 and 2 elected in the same years as presidential elections, while the auditor and the councilors for districts 3 and 4 elected in the same years as gubernatorial elections.[12] The City Council convenes on Wednesday mornings and Wednesday afternoons in the council chamber on the second floor ofPortland City Hall, and meetings are open to the public.[12]
City Council seats, the city auditor, and the mayor are non-partisan, elected positions; each carries a four-year term. Beginning with the2024 election, 12 councilors are elected via thesingle transferable vote ranked-choice voting method from four geographicdistricts (with three council members from each district). The Mayor and City Auditor are elected at-large using theinstant runoff ranked-choice voting method. From 1913 to 2024 candidates faced off in aprimary election (typically in May of even-numbered years); if no candidate won more than 50% of the vote, the top two finishers faced off in arunoff election (typically the following November.) Three Council seats, including the mayor, were up for election in 2008; the other two seats, and the Auditor position, were up for election in 2010.
From 2006 to 2010, Portland used apublicly financed election system, allowing candidates to qualify for public funding of $145,000 if they could gather 1000 five-dollar contributions by a certain date (for Mayoral candidates, 1500 contributions of $5 were required for a $160,000 grant). Two candidates availed themselves of this system in 2006: incumbent Erik Sten, who won the primary election, and Amanda Fritz, who lost out to incumbent Dan Saltzman but won a seat two years later (utilizing publicly financed election money).[20] The November 2010 elections saw Portlanders rescind their support for this publicly financed election system.[21]
The city is divided into six service areas, each of which oversees several bureaus and city offices. A seventh group is overseen by the city Administrator[22] as well as the mayor.[23]
As of January 1, 2025, the City Administrator is Michael Jordan.[22][24]
Bureaus and offices overseen by the city administrator:
Portland's neighborhood system, the Portland Office of Community and Civic Life, is made up of 94 recognized neighborhood associations and seven neighborhood district coalition offices located throughout the city. These offices provide support and technical assistance to the volunteer-based neighborhood associations, community groups and individual activists.[25]
In 2016, former Multnomah County chairDeborah Kafoury and former Portland mayorTed Wheeler created the Joint Office of Homeless Services, which receives funding from both the county and city governments.[26] In September 2020, frustrated by tents downtown, Mayor Wheeler expressed the intent to withdraw the City of Portland from its partnership with county on JOHS.[27] The intergovernmental agreement between the city and county had an expense of $32.5 million to the Portland City Government in 2020.[28] Partially using federal funds from theAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the Joint Office of Homeless Services uses city-owned land to site Safe Rest Villages, which are managed temporary housing that augments the homeless shelter system.[29][30]
As of 2025, JOHS, Safe Rest Villages, as well as other related programs are overseen by Portland Solutions.[22]
Multiple news outlet reported on the city auditor's 2019 report on the city's handling of illegal campsite clean ups by the Homelessness/Urban Camping Impact Reduction Program.[31][32][33] Since 2015, the City of Portland implemented a streamlined campsite complaint intake. City contractors then removed tents, items and other items and stored them. The database was to prioritize cleanup based on "biohazards, garbage and other factors, such as whether campers are aggressive or openly using drugs".The Oregonian summarized that the auditors found little evidence prioritization was occurring and no clear indication of what criteria were invoked in selecting which camps are to be removed or not removed and auditors documented the city often ignored hundreds of complaints made by residents. The newspaper commented "That non-response doesn’t comport with the crackdown on illegal camping instituted by Mayor Ted Wheeler earlier in his term." The audit conducted in summer and fall of 2018 reported that the city needed to improve communications to illegal campers as well as complainants.[34] The auditor recommends providing complainants with a status update. In 2019, the city announced they intend to do that with a new app that helps people "better record and understand HUCIRP"[35] In January 2023, the city launched a web interface providing some information on reported camps.[36]
The Revenue Division administers tax programs such as the Portland Business License Tax, Multnomah County Business Income Tax, as well as additional local tax programs[37] including thePortland Arts Tax.[38]
Bureaus and offices overseen by the City Operations service area include:
Bureaus and offices overseen by the Community & Economic Development service area include:
ThePortland Housing Bureau manages programs aimed at increasingaffordable housing.[39]
As of January 1, 2025, Mike Myers is the Deputy City Administrator for Public Safety.[22][24]
Bureaus and offices overseen by the Public Safety service area include:
ThePortland Police Bureau is the primary policing agency in the city. Formerly, the Police Bureau reported to the mayor, whilePortland Fire & Rescue was assigned to a commissioner. The city also has an office ofemergency management planning for mitigation of natural and manmade disasters.
As of January 1, 2025, Sonia Schmanski, is the Deputy City Administrator for Vibrant Communities.[22][24] On March 31, 2025, it was announced that the Vibrant Communities Service Area would be dissolved with its bureaus and offices moved to the Public Works and Community & Economic Development service areas starting July 1, 2025.[40]
Bureaus and offices overseen by the Vibrant Communities service area include:
Portland Parks & Recreation manages 11,760 acres of public park lands in the city,[41] including large natural areas likeForest Park and public recreation facilities such as municipal playgrounds, pools, golf courses, and thePortland International Raceway.
As of January 1, 2025, Priya Dhanapal is the Deputy City Administrator for Public Works.[22][24]
Bureaus and offices overseen by the Public Safety service area include:
Portland Water Bureau manages municipal water services through the city, while the Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) manages sewer andstormwater systems. Waste collection and recycling is managed by the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability, which also runs the Portland Clean Energy Community Benefits Fund investing inrenewable energy development.
Public transit within the city is primarily the responsibility ofTriMet, not the city government, but thePortland Streetcar andPortland Aerial Tram are exceptions; both are owned by the city.[42][43] The aerial tram is managed byOregon Health & Science University (OHSU)[43]
While parking enforcement is typically managed by the police department, it is managed under transportation department (PBOT) in Portland.[44]
Portland Public Schools operates more than 81 schools and is one of the largest pre-kindergarten through high school districts in the state.[45] As of 2022, Portland also provides tax-payer fundeduniversal preschool, after voters approved a city measure in 2020.[46]
Portland is thecounty seat ofMultnomah County, and the core ofMetro, a regional government primarily concerned withland use planning. Both of these government entities have a strong impact on Portland policy.[47][48]
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