Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Glywysing

Edit links

Coordinates:53°14′N4°1′W / 53.233°N 4.017°W /53.233; -4.017

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromGorfynydd)

Early medieval petty kingdom in south-east Wales

Kingdom of Glywysing

Teyrnas Glywysing (Old Welsh)

5th century–c. 1055
(intermittently in union with Gwent/in Morgannwg)

Medieval kingdoms of Wales, showing Glywysing in the south

Capital

Common languages

Religion

Government

Historical era

• Formed after Roman withdrawal from Britain

Late 5th century

• Various unions with Gwent

6th century–c. 745

• Union in Morgannwg
(underMorgan Hen ab Owain)

942–974

• Union as part of Wales
(underGruffydd ap Llywelyn,King of Wales)

1055–1063

• Union in Morgannwg

1063–1074

• Becomes Morgannwg
(underCaradog ap Gruffydd)

1075

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	Roman Britain
	Kingdom of Morgannwg

Kingdom of Morgannwg

Glywysing was, from thesub-Roman period to theEarly Middle Ages, apetty kingdom in south-eastWales. Its people were descended from theIron Age tribe of theSilures, and frequently in union withGwent, merging to form Morgannwg.

Name and early history

[edit]

Glywysing is said in medieval Welsh tradition to be named afterGlywys, supposedly an early king of the region. In reality, the name probably comes fromGlevum, the Roman name for what is nowGloucester, via a Latin name *Glevenses ('people of Glevum') or *Glevensis ('person from Glevum'). Thus the name suggests that the kingdom was named after invaders or migrants, or a particular ruler, from Glevum.^[1]^[2]

According to 12th-century sources, after the death of Glywys, the kingdom was divided into threecantrefs named for his sons:^[3]Penychen,Gwynllwg, andGorfynydd. These were typically ruled together by the head of the family and sometimes treated asappenage subkingdoms.

Location

[edit]

The borders changed over time, but it is generally thought that its lands originally lay between theAfon Llwyd and either theRiver Loughor, or theRiver Neath. At times they expanded eastwards in union with bothGwent andErgyng. The Gower had either returned or was inherited from Dyfed to Glywysing by 928 prior to the reign of KingMorgan the Old.^[4] Today the area of Glywysing is known asGlamorgan.

Morgannwg

[edit]

Main article:Kingdom of Morgannwg

First under KingMorgan the Generous (fl.c. 630-730) until the end of the reign of his descendantIthel (d. c. 745), and later again under KingMorgan the Old (r. 942-74), the kingdom merged withGwent and changed its name to Morgannwg or Gwlad Morgan in honour of the Morgan Kings.^[4]^[5] During such unions Glywysing and Gwent seem to have been together or occasional sub-kingdoms or principalities of the Kingdom of Morgannwg.^[4]

After the death of Morgan the Old, Gwent and Glywysing were separated again from 974 to 1055, but Glywysing alone was often referred to as Morgannwg. Both areas were conquered byGruffydd ap Llywelyn in about 1055, subsequentlyKing of Wales, but on Gruffydd's death in 1063, Glywysing was regained by the native lineage underCaradog ap Gruffudd.^[4] Morgannwg, the union between Gwent and Glywysing, was reconstituted. How this occurred is unclear; possibly the Kings of Glywysing were also Kings of Morgannwg and the Kings of Gwent were semi-independent under-Kings, or vice versa.^[4]

Norman conquest

[edit]

Main article:Glamorgan

With Gwent increasingly overrun by theNorman conquest of Wales, the last native King of Morgannwyg and Glywysing wasIestyn ap Gwrgan (1081–1090), who was subsequently deposed byRobert Fitzhamon. Iestyn's sons became Lords ofAfan, while Owain ap Caradog ap Gruffudd contented himself withGwynllwg and founded the line of the Lords ofCaerleon.^[4]

The nameMorgannwg is still used in Wales for the formerMarcher Lordship and county ofGlamorgan (itself a corruption of the termGwlad Morgan) and its successor counties

List of rulers

[edit]

This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Glywysing

[edit]

Eugenius, son ofMagnus Maximus (c.383 - c.440)^[6]
Marius, son of Eugenius (c.440 - c.450s)^[6]
Congar, son of Marius (c. 450s)^[6]
Solar, son of Marius (fl c.470)^[6]
Glywys, son of Solar (c. 470–c. 480), who gave his name to the kingdom^[6]
- Gwynllyw, son of Glywys, ruler ofGwynllwg (c. 480–523), cantref of Glywysing^[6]
- Pawl, son of Glywys, ruler ofPenychen (c. 480–540), cantref of Glywysing^[6]
- Mechwyn, son of Glywys, ruler ofGorfynydd (c. 480–c.500), cantref of Glywysing^[6]
- Edelig, son of Glywys, King of Edeligion, (fl c.480 - 500?)^[6]
Cadoc, son of Gwynllyw, ruler of Gwynllwg (523–580) and Penychen (540–580), died without heirs

Glywysing is ruled by the Kings of Gwent until Rhys ap Ithel

Rhys ap Ithel/Rhys ab Idwal, son of the Kings of Gwent (c. 755–785), with brothers,Rhodri andMeurig
Arthfael Hen ap Rhys (Arthfael the Old) (785–c. 825) withBrochfael ap Rhys
Rhys ap Arthfael, (c. 830–c. 840)
Hywel ap Rhys, (c. 840–886)
Owain ap Hywel (886–c. 930)
- Gruffydd ab Owain (c. 930–934) King of Gower
- Cadwgan ab Owain (c. 930–950) King of West Glywysing
Morgan the Old (Morgan Hen or Morgan ab Owain or Moragn Hen Fawr) (930–974)united the former kingdoms ofGwent and Glywysing in 942 under the name of Morgannwg, but they were broken up again immediately after his death, remaining separate until about 1055
Morgan the Old's son, Owain ap Morgan (974–c. 983)
brothers of Owain ap Morgan (Idwallon, Hywel and Cadell) (dates unknown)
his son, Rhys ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1000)who ruled Glywysing jointly with his brothers
Ithel the Black, son Idwallon (990)
- Hywel ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1043)and
- Iestyn ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1015)
his son,Rhydderch ap Iestyn (c. 1015–1033)
his son,Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (1033–1055)
Gwrgant ab Ithel the Black (1033 - 1070)
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063)
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch's son,Caradog ap Gruffydd (1063–1081)who was a subject of the King of Gwent and King of MorgannwgCadwgan ap Meurig before he deposed him and took the kingdom for himself
Iestyn ap Gwrgan(t) (1081–1091)

Iestyn was the last ruler of an independent Morgannwg, which was thereafter in the possession of theNormans and became the lordship ofGlamorgan

References

[edit]

^Koch, John T.Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia ABC-CLIO Ltd (15 March 2006)ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0 p. 1312.
^Patrick Sims-Williams,Religion and Literature in Western England 600-800, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 24.
^Carver, MartinThe cross goes north: processes of conversion in northern Europe, AD 300–1300 Boydell Press; New edition (26 Jan 2006)ISBN 978-1-84383-125-9 p. 125
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fAshley, Mike (1998)The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens (Carol & Graf)
^Lloyd, John E.A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, Vol. 1,p. 274. Longmans, Green, & Co. (London), 1911. Accessed 22 Feb 2013.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱKessler, P. L."Kingdoms of Cymru Celts - Cernyw / Glywyssing".The History Files. Retrieved3 October 2022.

v t e MedievalWelsh kingdoms
Brycheiniog Ceredigion Seisyllwg Region–Ystrad Tywi Deheubarth Dinefwr Dyfed Gwynedd Aberffraw Dogfeiling Dunoding Meirionnydd Rhos Rhufoniog Tegeingl Morgannwg Ergyng Region–Ewyas Gwent Glywysing Gwynllwg Penychen Powys Edeirnion Mathrafal Mechain Pengwern Fadog Wenwynwyn Rhwng Gwy a Hafren Region–Buellt Elfael Gwrtheyrnion Maelienydd
Middle Ages portal Wales portal

Rulers ofmedieval Wales

Territories/dates^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]	Powys		Dogfeiling	Gwynedd	Dunoding	Ceredigion	Ystrad Tywi	Dyfed	Brycheiniog	Glywysing	Gwent	Ergyng
400–600	Sub-Roman Britain
	Kingdom of Powys Gwrtheyrn CatigernCadell DdyrnllwgRhuddfedel Frych Cyngen GlodryddBrochwel Ysgithrog Cynan Garwyn Selyf ap Cynan Manwgan ap Selyf		Kingdom of Gwynedd				Kingdom of Dyfed Triffyn Farfog Aergol Lawhir Vortiporius		Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan	Glywysing Mor Solor Glywys Gwynllŵg Gwynllyw Cadoc	Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras	Ergyng Peibio Clafrog Cynfyn Gwrfoddw Gwrgan Fawr
			Dogfeiling Dogfael ap Cunedda Wledig Elno ap Dogfael Glas ap Elno Elgud ap Glas ap Elno Elaeth ab Elgud Meurig ap Elaeth	House of Gwynedd Cunedda Wledig Einion Yrth ap Cunedda Cadwallon Lawhir Maelgwn Gwynedd Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Beli ap Rhun Iago ap Beli Cadfan ap Iago Cadwallon ap Cadfan (Canu Cadwallon)Cadafael Cadwaladr	Dunoding Dunod ap Cunedda Eifion ap Dunod Dingad ab Eifion Meurig ad Dingad Eifion ap Meurig Issac ap Eifion ap Meurig Pobien Hen ap Isaac Pobddelw ap Pobien Hen Eifion ap Pobddelw Brochwel ap Eifion Eigion ap Brochwel ab Eifion Ieuanawl ab Eigion Caradog ap Ieuanawl Bleiddud ap Caradog Cuhelyn ap Bleiddud	Kingdom of Ceredigion Ceredig ap CuneddaUsai ap Ceredig Serwyl ab Usai Boddw ap Serwyl Arthfoddw ap Boddw Athrwys ab Arthfoddw Clydog ab Athrwys			Brycheiniog Anlach mac CormacBrychan		Kingdom of Gwent Ynyr Gwent Caradoc Vreichvras
600–613							Cloten Cathen ap Gwlyddein Cadwgan ap Caten Rhain ap Cadwgan			Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig
613–642	Eluadd ap Glast (Eiludd Powys)
642–645	Manwgan ap Selyf Beli ab Eiludd Gwylog ap Beli Elisedd ap Gwylog Brochfael ab Elisedd Cadell ap Brochfael Cyngen ap Cadell
645–682										Athrwys ap Meurig Morgan ab Athrwys Ithel ap Morgan Meurig ab Ithel
682–740			Idwal Iwrch Rhodri Molwynog Caradog ap Meirion Cynan Dindaethwy Hywel ap Caradog
730–745						Seisyllwg Seisyll ap Clydog Arthen ap Seisyll Dyfnwallon ab Arthen Meurig ap Dyfnwallon Gwgon ap Meurig		Dyfed Tewdos (Tewdwr)Maredudd ap Tewdws Rhain ap Maredudd Owain ap Maredudd Triffyn ap Rhain Bleddri (Bledrig)Hyfaidd ap Bleddri Llywarch ap Hyfaidd Rhodri ap Hyfaidd Hywel Dda	Brycheiniog
745–825										Glywysing Rhys ab Ithel Rhodri ab Ithel Meurig ab Ithel Rhys ap Arthfael Hywel ap Rhys Owain ap Hywel	Gwent Brochfael ap Meurig Ffernfael ap Meurig Brochwel ap Meurig Arthfael ap Hywel Ithel ab Athrwys ap Ffernfael	Mercia
825–854			House of Aberffraw Merfyn Frych Rhodri Mawr
854–872	Rhodri Mawr
871–878	Rhodri Mawr					Rhodri Mawr
878–909	Powys Merfyn ap Rhodri Llywelyn ap Merfyn		Gwynedd Anarawd ap Rhodri			House of Dinefwr Cadell ap Rhodri
909–913						Deheubarth Hywel Dda
913–925												Kingdom of England Archenfield
916–930	Idwal Foel									Owain ap Hywel
930–942	Idwal Foel									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
942–950	Hywel Dda									Glywysing Gruffydd ab Owain Cadwgan ab Owain	Gwent Morgan Hen ab Owain
950–986	Powys Owain ap Hywel Dda		Gwynedd Ieuaf Iago ab Idwal Hywel ap Ieuaf Cadwallon ab Ieuaf			Deheubarth Owain ap Hywel Dda				Morgannwg Morgan Hen ab Owain Hywel ab Owain ap Morgan Hen Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
988–999	Maredudd ab Owain
999–1022	Powys Llywelyn ap Seisyll		Gwynedd Cynan ap Hywel Aeddan ap Blegywryd			Deheubarth Rhain the Irishman Cadell ab Einion
1018–1023	Llywelyn ap Seisyll
1023–1033	Powys Rhydderch ab Iestyn		Gwynedd Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig			Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1033–1039	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Deheubarth Rhydderch ab Iestyn Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1045–1055	Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Gruffudd ap Llywelyn					Gruffudd ap Rhydderch
1055–1063	Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
1063–1075	House of Mathrafal Bleddyn ap Cynfyn					Deheubarth Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin Rhys ab Owain Rhys ap Tewdwr				Glywysing Caradog ap Gruffudd	Gwent Cadwgan ap Meurig
1075–1081	Powys Iorwerth ap Bleddyn Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Owain ap Cadwgan Maredudd ap Bleddyn Madog ap Maredudd		Gwynedd Trahaearn ap Caradog							Morgannwg Caradog ap Gruffudd Iestyn ap Gwrgant
1081–1093			Gruffudd ap Cynan Owain Gwynedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1088–1116						Norman occupation
1095–1160						Deheubarth Gruffydd ap Rhys Anarawd ap Gruffydd Cadell ap Gruffydd Maredudd ap Gruffydd Rhys ap Gruffydd Gruffydd ap Rhys II Maelgwn ap Rhys Rhys Gryg			Lordship of Brecknock	Lordship of Glamorgan
1160–1216	Powys Fadog Gruffydd Maelor I Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor Gruffydd II ap Madog Madog II ap Gruffydd Gruffudd Fychan I	Powys Wenwynwyn Owain Cyfeiliog Gwenwynwyn
1216–1241		Principality of Wales Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
1241–1283		Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn	Dafydd ap Llywelyn Owain Goch ap Gruffudd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Dafydd ap Gruffudd
1283–1287	(English conquest of Wales)
1535–1542	Laws in Wales Acts
^Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional ^Bartrum, Peter Clement (1993).A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales.ISBN 0907158730. ^biography.wales (Dictionary of Welsh Biography) ^Davies, John (1994).A History of Wales. Penguin Books.ISBN 9780140145816. ^Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. 2008.ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. ^Lloyd, John Edward (1912).A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green, and Co. ^Turvey, Roger (2010).Twenty-One Welsh Princes. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.ISBN 9781845272692.

53°14′N4°1′W / 53.233°N 4.017°W /53.233; -4.017

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glywysing&oldid=1296415818"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭