_logo.svg){kind=logo} Logo | |
| Author | R. L. Stine |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | Tim Jacobus Mark Nagata Craig White Brandon Dorman[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Horror fiction,children's literature |
| Publisher | Scholastic Corporation |
| Published | Original series: July 1992 – December 1997 Spin-off series: October 1994 – February 2000; April 2008 – present |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) Audiobook E-book |
| No. of books | 240[nb 1] (List of books) |
| Website | https://kids.scholastic.com/kid/books/goosebumps/ |
Goosebumps is a series ofchildren'shorror novels written by American authorR. L. Stine. The protagonists in these stories are tweens or young teens who find themselves in frightening scenarios, often involving the supernatural, the paranormal or the occult. Between 1992 and 1997, sixty-two books were published under theGoosebumps umbrella title. R. L. Stine also wrote various spin-off series, including,Goosebumps Series 2000,Give Yourself Goosebumps,Tales to Give You Goosebumps,Goosebumps Triple Header,Goosebumps HorrorLand,Goosebumps Most Wanted andGoosebumps SlappyWorld.[2] Additionally, there was a series calledGoosebumps Gold that was never released.
Goosebumps has spawned a pair oftelevisionseries,a video games series,a comic series and merchandise, as well as a pair offeaturefilms, which starJack Black as a fictionalized version of Stine.
The series was originally published in English byScholastic Press in the United States andScholastic Hippo in the United Kingdom. Spanning variousgenres, includinghorror,comedy,fantasy,adventure,supernatural fiction,thriller andmystery, the world ofGoosebumps explores a multitude of themes.
Since the release of its first novel,Welcome to Dead House, in July 1992, the books have achieved immense popularity, garnered positive reviews, and achieved commercial success worldwide. They have captivated a diverse audience, including children and older readers, and have sold over 400 million copies globally in 35 languages as of October 2022,[3] becoming the second-best-selling book series in history (behindHarry Potter). At one point, the series held the distinction of being the best-selling book series of all time, selling over 4 million books a month during its prime.[4] Individual books in the series have been listed in severalbestseller lists, including theNew York Times Best Seller list for children.
TheGoosebumps series falls under many genres but mainlyhorror andthriller, although Stine characterizes the series as 'scary books that are also funny'.[5] Each book features different child characters[6] and settings.[7] The primaryprotagonists are middle class and can be either male or female.[8] InGoosebumps stories, the central characters are often placed in remote or isolated locations, diverging from common societal conventions. This can range anywhere from comfortable suburban areas toboarding schools, foreign villages or campsites.[9] Books typically feature characters who either recently moved to a new neighborhood or are sent to stay withrelatives.[8]The books in theGoosebumps series feature similar plot structures[10] with children being involved in scary situations.[11] At his peak, Stine was known to complete these stories extremely quickly, some of which were written in only six days.[12] The books are mostly written in first personnarrative, often concluding withtwist endings.[13] They containsurreal horror,[8] with characters encountering the strange andsupernatural.[14]
The author has plot devices he follows throughout hisGoosebumps books. Stine says he does not have any death in his stories, and the children in his novels are never put into situations that would be considered too serious.[15] He attributed the success of his books to their absence of drugs,depravity andviolence.[16]
AllGoosebumps books are written at a reading level ranging from 3rd to 7th grade[17][18] (8-12 years old, in the US education system).
According to the documentaryTales from the Crypt: From Comic Books to Television, R.L. Stine said that he remembered reading the popular/infamousTales from the Crypt comic books when he was young and credited as one of his inspirations. Books and characters in the series were inspired by books and films. For example, the characterSlappy the Dummy was inspired by the literary classicThe Adventures of Pinocchio.[19] Some of Stine's ideas for the books also came from real life; Stine got the idea for the bookThe Haunted Mask after his son, Matt, had aHalloween mask he had trouble getting off.[20] Stine also uses his childhood fears to help him write his books. The author said, "Luckily, I have a great memory. As I write a story, I can remember what it feels like to be afraid and panicky".[21] Stine states he often thinks of a title to a novel first, then lets the title lead him to a story.[22]
Two common themes in the series are children triumphing over evil and children facing horrid or frightening situations and using their ownwit and imagination to escape them.[23] Stine does not attempt to incorporate moral lessons into his novels, and says his books are "strictly reading motivation".[24]
Recurring characters who appear in multiple books and media.
| Character | Television series | Films | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goosebumps | Goosebumps | Goosebumps | Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween | |
| 1995-1998 | 2023-2025 | 2015 | 2018 | |
| R. L. Stine | Himself | Jack Black | ||
| Slappy the Dummy | Ron Stefaniuk (puppeteer) | Jeny Cassady, Victor Dolhai, Jamie Swettenham (puppeteers) | Avery Lee Jones (puppeteer) | |
| Cal Dodd (voice) | Chris Geere (voice) | Jack Black (voice) | Mick Wingert (voice) | |
| Will Blake The Werewolf of Fever Swamp | Michael Barry | John Bernecker | CGI | |
| Prince Khor-Ru | Peter Jarvis | Brian Gabriel | Ben Bladon | |
| Count Nightwing | Earl Pastko | Rory Healy | Joseph N. Hardin | |
| Scarecrow | Stuntman | John Herndon | Alex T. Hill | |
| Pumpkin Heads | Christian Laurin Stuart Clow | Nick Stanner | Stuntman | |
| Chip & Hap | Yvan Labelle Jordan Prentice | CGI | ||
| Carly Beth Caldwell The Haunted Mask | Kathryn Long | Clare Halstead | ||
| The Lord High Executioner | Robert Collins | Drew Lamkins | ||
| Hannah Fairchild The Ghost Next Door | Nicole Dicker | Odeya Rush | ||
| Brent Green | Darcy Weir | Jack Black (voice) | ||
| The Abominable Snowman | Stuntman | CGI | ||
Following the success of Stine'syoung adult horror novels, the co-founder ofParachute Press (the company that developed the series),[26] Joan Waricha, persuaded him to write scary books for younger children.[27] Stine says the name for the book series came to him after he saw a TV station's ad inTV Guide that stated "It's goosebumps week on Channel 11".[28][29] He originally signed a six-book deal with the publisherScholastic,[30] but went on to write 62 books in the original series, the first book beingWelcome to Dead House, released in July 1992. The series was originally aimed at girls, but both boys and girls enjoyed the series equally with half of Stine's fan mail being sent from boys.[15] The cover illustrations for this series was done primarily byTim Jacobus.[31] Thirty-two of the books from the original series were later re-released with new artwork under theClassic Goosebumps rename.[32]
The books in theTales to Give You Goosebumps andGoosebumps Triple Header series were written as short story anthologies, featuring a collection of stories in each book.[33] From 1994 to 1997, sixTales to Give You Goosebumps books were published. TwoGoosebumps Triple Header books were released from 1997 to 1998, beginning withThree Shocking Tales of Terror: Book 1.[34]
FiftyGive Yourself Goosebumps books were published from 1995 to 2000, starting withEscape from the Carnival of Horrors. The books in this series were written asgamebooks, featuring multiple endings.[35] The books in this series were ghostwritten by several authors, includingKathryn Lance and Stine's sister-in-law Megan Stine.[36][37][38] Many of the cover illustrations for this series were done by Mark Nagata.[39]
Due to decliningGoosebumps sales and increasing competition (primarily from another series from Scholastic,Animorphs), Scholastic and R. L. Stine decided to createGoosebumps Series 2000.[40] From 1998 to 2000, 25 books in the series were published, beginning withCry of the Cat. The books in this series were written in a similar format and featured similar content to the original series,[41] but Stine classified them as being "much scarier".[30] The covers in this series were illustrated by Tim Jacobus.[31]
The books in theGoosebumps Gold series appeared on illustrator Tim Jacobus's website[42] and marketing sites but were never released. In this series, Stine intended to write a sequel toThe Haunted Mask II (The Haunted Mask Lives!), and a sequel toWelcome to Dead House (Happy Holidays from Dead House). It was one of the two-book series by Stine that was planned to be released in 2000 (the other wasThe Nightmare Room).[43]
The series was renewed in 2008 following the release of the first book in theGoosebumps HorrorLand series,Revenge of the Living Dummy, that was published on April 1, 2008.[44] Before the 2008 release ofRevenge of the Living Dummy, there had not been aGoosebumps book published in almost 10 years.[45] Stine decided to start writingGoosebumps books again after receiving mail from someone asking him to write new books in the series.[46] NineteenGoosebumps HorrorLand books were published,[47] and books in the series mainly featured two stories.[23] The series continued in 2012 with new stories featuring some of the series' most memorable villains, includingSlappy the Dummy, the Lawn Gnomes and others. The first book of the spin-off seriesGoosebumps Most Wanted,Planet of the Lawn Gnomes, was released in October 2012.[48]
In 2024, the seriesGoosebumps House of Shivers started with the first book being: "Scariest. Book. Ever."
"The first 27 paperbackbacklist titles on our list are all Goosebumps. Thephenomenon is even more astounding when the sales figures are added up. Scholastic sold 19,125,700 copies of Goosebumps frontlist titles in 1995, and 12,906,800 backlist titles, for a grand total of 32,032,500 copies sold".
Following the release of the first novel in the series, the books quickly became popular, selling a million copies a month soon after they first appeared,[6] and four million copies a month by the mid-1990s.[50] IndividualGoosebumps books appeared in theNew York Times Best Seller list for children[51] and theUSA Today bestseller list.[52][53] In 2001,Publishers Weekly listed 46 books in the series in its list of bestselling children's paperback books of all time.[54]Goosebumps was a bestseller in many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia.[55]
In 1996, the book series accounted for almost 15% of Scholastic's annual revenue. Following the decline ofGoosebumps sales next year, Scholastic's sales had dropped 40%.[56] The decline inGoosebumps book sales had made front-page news of most newspaper business sections, which Patrick Jones stated "demonstrates the impact and importance of R. L. Stine. One writer, it seems, influences the fate of an entire company".[57]
As of 2008, theGoosebumps series maintains an 82% brand awareness among children 7–12.[58] It is listed as the number two bestselling children's book series of all time[59] and as Scholastic's bestselling children's book series of all time.[60] By 2014, according to Scholastic, there were 350 million copies ofGoosebumps books sold in 32 languages,[61] includingChinese,Czech,Spanish, andHebrew.[55] As of 2008, the book series sells about two million copies annually.[27]
Three books from theGoosebumps series have won theNickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Book:Deep Trouble in 1995 (the award category's first year),[62] the bookTales to Give You Goosebumps in 1996,[63] andDeep Trouble II in 1998.[64] In 2000, the series was ranked as the number two children's books by theNational Education Association, as chosen by children.[65] In 2003,Goosebumps was listed at number 188 on the BBC'sThe Big Read poll of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels".[66]
Upon the release of the first book,Welcome to Dead House,Goosebumps received critical acclaim with many critics and readers praising the series for its dark nature, villains, likable protagonists and for being much more mature compared to other children's book series at the time.Slate's Katy Waldman classified a classicGoosebumps story as "funny, icky, and just a bit menacing".[67] Following the release of the firstGoosebumps HorrorLand book,Publishers Weekly stated in a starred review that the newGoosebumps series was "deliciously chilling".[68] Two reviewers of theGoosebumps books did not feel that the books were high quality literature.U.S. News & World Report's Marc Silver thought the series was "quite tame". He called theGoosebumps books "subliterature", stating the plotting in the books was careless and that characters in the stories rarely grew.[69] Roderick McGillis, from the academic journalBookbird, described the books ascamp, writing the books "are so artificial, so formulaic, so predictable, so repetitive". McGillis also felt that the content of theGoosebumps series is "thin in the extreme".[70]
Stine's books have a reputation for getting children excited about reading, which the writer is very proud of.[22] James Carter, writing inTalking Books: Children's Authors Talk About the Craft, Creativity and Process of Writing, stated "regardingPoint Horrors andGoosebumps, I feel that anything that children read avidly is a good thing".[71] Librarian and writer Patrick Jones commented that "[t]he real horror is a culture where kids, especially boys, don't read—and Stine has done his best to stop that turn of the screw from happening in his lifetime".[72]
Goosebumps was listed 15th in the list of most frequentlychallenged books during 1990–1999[73] and 94th in the list of top banned/challenged books during 2000–2009[74] by theAmerican Library Association (ALA). According to the ALA, a challenge is an attempt by a person or group to remove or restrict materials from a library or school curriculum.[75] The series was challenged for being too frightening for young people and depicting occult or demonic themes.[76] By 1997, the ALA was informed of 46 challenges, over 75% of which occurred in school libraries. The rest of the challenges were held in public libraries or the location of the challenges were unknown.[77] The same year, a hearing by theAnoka-Hennepin School District to ban the books was broadcast byC-SPAN.[78] In the hearing, most of the parents and children felt the books should not be banned,[79] and the school district's book review committee decided to keep the books.[80]
Walt Disney Records andScholasticAudiobooks have adaptedGoosebumps into numerousaudiobooks since 1996.
In the 1990s, aGoosebumps TV series was produced in Canada byProtocol Entertainment in association withScholastic Productions.[81] The TVanthology series ran for four seasons from 1995 to 1998,[60] premiering on theFox Kids Network on October 27, 1995.[82] The series mainly featured plots based on theGoosebumps books, among themThe Haunted Mask andCuckoo Clock of Doom. The TV series aired in over 100 countries[83] and it was the number one rated children's TV show for three years in the United States.[84] Margaret Loesch, formerly theCEO ofFox Kids, offered Scholastic a TV deal after her son responded positively to theGoosebumps bookSay Cheese and Die! she had bought for him a day earlier.[50] A book series, titledGoosebumps Presents, was based on the TV series.[36]
On April 28, 2020, it was announced that a newGoosebumpslive action TV series was in the works byScholastic Entertainment,Sony Pictures Television Studios andNeal H. Moritz's production companyOriginal Film.[85] In February 2022, it was announced that the series would be heading toDisney+. It premiered on Disney+ on Friday, October 13, 2023.[86] The second season, titledGoosebumps: The Vanishing, debuted on Disney+ on January 10, 2025, consisting of eight episodes.[87]
A film adaptation ofGoosebumps[88][89][90][91] was released on October 16, 2015,[92] directed byRob Letterman[93] written by Darren Lemke[94] and duoScott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski[95][96] withNeal H. Moritz andDeborah Forte, the latter of whom developed the TV series, producing the film[91] and starsJack Black as a fictionalized version of R. L. Stine "whose scary characters literally leap off the page, forcing him to hide from his own creepy creations" withDylan Minnette as Zach Cooper,[97] andOdeya Rush was cast as R. L. Stine's fictional daughter, Hannah.[98] In the film, Hannah's father R. L. Stine keeps all the monsters in the series locked up in his books. When Zach unintentionally releases the monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine team up in order to put the monsters back where they came from.[98]
A sequel,Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween[99] was released on October 12, 2018,[100] directed byAri Sandel, replacing Letterman, due to being busy directing Pokémon: Detective Pikachu,[101] and written by Rob Lieber.[102] Jack Black returned in the sequel, making his character the only one from the previous film to return,[103][104] the sequel starsMadison Iseman, Caleel Harris andJeremy Ray Taylor as the new leads.[105]
There are sevenGoosebumps video games, two of which have been created for the PC byDreamWorks Interactive.[106][107] A 1996 game entitledEscape from HorrorLand is aninteractive sequel to the bookOne Day at HorrorLand,[108] and a 1997 game entitledAttack of the Mutant was based on the bookof the same name. Scholastic released aGoosebumps video game in October 2008 entitledGoosebumps HorrorLand, based on theseries of the same name.[109] Another video game,Goosebumps: The Game, a prequel to the 2015 film, was released on October 13, 2015.[110]Goosebumps: Night of Scares, a mobile game based on the film and the book series was released for iOS and Android devices on October 15 of the same year.[111] A mobile game,Goosebumps: HorrorTown was released in 2018. There was a release in 2020 called Goosebumps Dead of Night, available for PC and Consoles.
The latest video game,Goosebumps: Terror in Little Creek, was released in August 2025 for PC, XBox Series X/S, Playstation 5, and Nintendo Switch.
A comic book series, titledGoosebumps Graphix, was written based on books from the original series. There were three books published in the series; the first one,Creepy Creatures, was published on September 1, 2006. The second oneTerror Trips is published in March 2007. The third oneScary Summer was released in July 2007. The fourth oneSlappy's Tales of Horror is released in August 2015.[112]
IDW Comics later released a newGoosebumps comic series, with three issues per arc. Its first arc,Monsters at Midnight, was released from October to December 2017; a second arc,Download and Die!, was released from March to May 2018. The latest arc,Horrors of the Witch House was released from March to May 2019.[113] Each were also released as trade paperbacks.[114]
Goosebumps has spawned merchandise, including T-shirts,board games, puzzles,[5] hats, fake skulls, dolls,[115]bike helmets, fake blood, and boxer shorts.[116]Goosebumps was also adapted into a stage play by Rupert Holmes in 1998[117] and a stage musical by John Maclay and Danny Abosch in 2016:Goosebumps The Musical, based on book 24:Goosebumps: Phantom of the Auditorium.[118]Goosebumps has an official website, which garners 1.5 million page views each month as of 2008.[119] An attraction based on the series, the Goosebumps HorrorLand Fright Show and FunHouse, opened in October 1997 atDisney-MGM Studios's New York Street.[120][121] Before it closed, the attraction consisted of a stage play which featured characters from the series; this show played five times a day. The attraction also featured afunhouse, called the Goosebumps HorrorLand Hall of Mirrors, which contained a maze of mirrors along with other props and gags from the series.[122] In 2008, it was announced thatSally Corporation would marketGoosebumps rides.[123]The booksOne Day at HorrorLand andA Night in Terror Tower were adapted into two separate board games in 1996. Both games were published byMilton Bradley and designed by Craig Van Ness.[124][125]
In November 1996, Scholastic, the publisher of the series,[126] and Parachute Press, the developer of the series,[26] agreed to a new contract. Scholastic retained control of book publishing and the TV series, but gave Parachute Press merchandising rights to the series. In September 1997, following a dispute between Scholastic and Parachute Press, Scholastic accused Parachute Press ofviolating the contract. Scholastic claimed that Parachute Press had been making merchandising deals and issuing press releases without Scholastic's required consent, and had begun withholding payments from them. In November 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Scholastic had repudiated its financial obligations, claiming Scholastic had voided its rights to publish 54 books. Parachute Press filed a lawsuit, which followed with numerous other suits and countersuits[127] over who controls certain rights to the series. In 2003, the two sides reached an agreement, with Scholastic receiving theGoosebumps trademark and all other rights to the series forUS$9.65 million.[26]
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