Alphabet, the parent company of the multinational technology companyGoogle, has over 100,000 full-time employees internationally, in addition tocontract employees.[2] About half of Google's total workers are contractors, known internally as "TVCs":temps, vendors, and contractors.[3][additional citation(s) needed] Google has seen a rise in worker activism since 2018,[4] with a swiftly changing internal culture in which staff have been alienated by scandals includinga 2017 memo about Google's culture and diversity policies, revelation of a largeexit package offered toan executive accused of sexual harassment, and staff accusations of retaliation. Under the company's "third era"—in which Google contends with the effects of having brought its technology to scale—The Verge wrote that the foremost task of Google CEOSundar Pichai is to stabilize the company's culture.[5]
A 20,000-employeewalkout against Google executive sexual misconduct in November 2018 led to the company board opening an investigation.[1] The walkout hastened organizing and protests within the company.[2] Subsequent worker activism over work with thePentagon and acensored Chinese search engine often entered the media spotlight.[6] An engineer started astrike fund, matched by her own donation.[7]
By mid-2019, Google appeared to push employee organizers to leave.[1] Walkout organizers said that they were put on administrative leave for opaque reasons.[8] In April, walkout organizersMeredith Whittaker andClaire Stapleton wrote that they were being demoted or reassigned as retaliation for their organizing. Stapleton left Google in June and Whittaker in July.[2] In response, some employees participated in asit-in and demanded that Google investigate its HR department.[1] The company denied the allegations but instituted new policies against employee protest and in-office politics, which further eroded worker trust from parts of its staff.[9] A September settlement with theNational Labor Relations Board in response to Stapleton and Whittaker's departures required policy clarifications that explicitly let employees act collectively and discuss workplace issues with each other and the press.[2] The settlement did not reduce tensions, which re-escalated in November[8] whenThe New York Times reported that Google had been working for several months withIRI Consultants, a firm known for promotingunion busting.[2]
On January 25, 2020, the formation of an international alliance of Google trade unions, Alpha Global, was announced.[10] The coalition is made up of "13 different unions representing workers in 10 countries, including theUnited States,United Kingdom, andSwitzerland."[11] The group is affiliated withUNI Global Union. The formation of the alliance is in response to persistent allegations of mistreatment of Google employees and a toxic workplace culture.[11][12][13] Google had previously been accused of surveilling and firing employees who were suspected of organizing a workers union.[14] In 2021 court documents revealed that between 2018 and 2020 Google ran an anti-union campaign called Project Vivian to "convince them (employees) that unions suck".[15]
153 Google employees in 11 different European countries launched the process of forming aEuropean Works Council.[16] In March 2023, Google and the employee led Special Negotiating Body signed aEuropean Works Council framework agreement and set an election date for 6 months later. The agreement notably includes the United Kingdom and Switzerland Google offices, even though they are not part of the European Union.[17]
GoogleZürich was established in 2004 and is the largest research development of Google outside the US. Employees internally are known as Zooglers. In 2020, inspired by the Google walkouts, a group of Zooglers, with the assistance ofSyndicom trade union formed aStaff Council (Swiss Standard German:Personalvertretung).[20] In March 2023, hundreds of employees walked out after 200 Zooglers were laid off.[21]
In November 2019, Google fired and suspended workers for media leaks and misuse of internal data, which some internal sources described as retaliation against activist staff.[9] A publicized, 200-worker demonstration in San Francisco protested the suspension of Rebecca Rivers and Laurence Berland as unjust and demanded their reinstatement.[8][25] Rivers had protested theU.S. Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) business with a Google cloud product, whereas Berland had protestedYouTube's use of hate speech policy[26] in relation to gay rights. Both Rivers and Berland spoke about their personal experiences at the rally, emphasizing the opaqueness behind being put on leave, particularly that they had not been told what they did wrong. Rivers said that the leave was about investigating her document access, but was questioned mostly in relation to her activism over Google's government contracts. Berland learned his own leave status through a news report.[8]
Following the rally, Google fired Laurence Berland, Rebecca Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman,[1][27] known together as the Thanksgiving Four, based on the firings' proximity tothe holiday. A Google memo attributed the dismissals to security breaches,[8] "accessing and distributing business information outside the scope of their jobs",[2] and explained their action as a "rare" case.[8] Internal activists described the recently changed access policy as vague and emphasized that viewing documents outside the scope of one's job was routine as part of Google's culture of openness and emphasized within the company's recruiting.[2] Walkout organizers publicly accused Google ofunion busting through firing organizers,[1] among other actions.[25] Employer retaliation for collective action is prohibited under American federal law.[25]
CNBC described the Thanksgiving Four firings asvirally amplifying their critics' platform, turning them into overnight "heroes", and leading other employees to share stories of being targeted for activism. The public nature of the protests, with individual stories and identities attached, inspired other employees to participate. Google organizers that had since left Google continued their support online. CNBC wrote that Google harmed itself with its unspecific public response, which obscured the legitimacy of the firings and let critics circulate their own conclusions, namely that staff were being fired for organizing. These dismissals underscored the outsized role of internal dissent and the company's perplexed approach to it.[8]The Verge wrote that dissent within Google was a result of societal grappling with how to handle a company with Google's power, and that the company's antagonistic handling of its most politically active employees was considered the biggest failure of CEOPichai's tenure.[5]
Around the same time, the company curtailed its weekly town hall meetings in response to leaks, reducing their frequency and narrowing their focus from general management questions to product and business strategy. The "TGIF" meetings had been a prominent component of Google's corporate culture of transparency. While the company had long taken action on leaks,[6] journalists described the company's November actions as a "crackdown".[8][6] Internal activists cited other recent policy changes in their accusation of company retaliation against collective action: employee guidelines on political speech,[1] web browser history trackers, anti-union consultants,[25] and a calendar tool to track events with over 100 participants.[2] Court documents later showed that the company ran a program code-named Project Vivian during this period to engage workers and convince them against supporting unions.[28]
In early December 2019, theCommunications Workers of America union fileda federal labor complaint against Google for the November Four firings, opening aNational Labor Relations Board investigation for Laurence Berland, Rebecca Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman.[4][27] The complaint argues that the company violated theNational Labor Relations Act of 1935 and cites Google'scode of conduct, which says, "don't be evil, and if you see something that you think isn't right—speak up!"[30] The union also filed a complaint on behalf of Kathryn Spiers, an employee who said she was fired for building a reminder about worker protections in an internal HR guideline/policy reminder tool maintained by her team. Google said Spiers was fired not for the content of her message but for using a security and privacy tool for an unrelated purpose, and without business justification or team authorization.[31] Spiers said that she received the appropriate approvals and her team lead confirmed that as the "owner" of that tool, Spiers did not need authorization to make such changes.[32] The National Labor Relations Board returned a formal complaint against Google in December 2020 with the allegation of company interference inprotected organizing activity.[33]
Google's Bay Area cafeteria workers, contracted through the multinationalfood service companyCompass Group, voted to unionize in late 2019. These 2,300 workers who prepare food and wash dishes are organizing with the unionUnite Here, which is negotiating a contract with Compass Group. The cafeteria workers compose one of the largestbargaining units at an individual tech company and, according toRecode, demonstrated the growing strength of thetech labor movement.[3] 90% of food-service staff for Google are unionized as of 2022.[34]
Alphabet Workers Union (AWU), also informally referred to as the Google Union,[35][36][37] is an Americantrade union of workers employed atAlphabet Inc.,Google's parent company, with a membership of over 800, in a company with 130,000 employees, not including temps, contractors, and vendors in the United States.[38][39] It was announced on January 4, 2021, with an initial membership of over 400,[40] after over a year of secret organizing, and the union includes all types of workers at Alphabet, including full-time,temporary, vendors andcontractors of all job types.
The Alphabet Workers Union itself is notrecognized by the National Labor Relations Board. This is both due to difficulty of formally organizing a large company and also the different tiers of employment contracts.[42] In March 2022, subcontractors ofGoogle Fiber became the first within the AWU to gain NLRB recognition.[44]
In February 2023, 40Cognizant contractors who worked ascontent moderators forYouTube Music went on Google's firststrike in protest of change toremote work policy that would require them to go to the office inAustin, Texas.[45] A ruling in March 2023 by the NLRB regarding the liability of Google injoint-employment relations would mean that Google could be directly held liable for treatment of their sub-contracted companies. In April 2023, the contractors voted 41–0 to form the YouTube Music Union.[46][47] Google would be obligated to negotiate with them, even though they are directly employed byCognizant.[46] In March 2024, the 43 contractors were notified of their termination by Cognizant during a live session with theAustin City Council. Google stated that these members of the union were not Google employees, and that the termination was simply due to the contract ending.[48] The council passed aresolution asking Google to negotiate with the workers.[48][49]
In November 2023,Accenture contract workers at Google voted to form a union. This unionization effort started in June when contractors were asked to handle lewdprompts from the initialBard chatbot.[50][51] Google appealed the NLRB's designation of them as a joint-employer with Accenture.[47] Google denies being an employer as of December 2024[update], so AWU signed a collective agreement with just Accenture in the meantime. The agreement banskeystroke logging (a form ofemployee monitoring), guarantees permanent remote work, amongst other things. It would apply to the 25 employees.
^abGhaffary, Shirin (December 31, 2019)."Thousands of Googles cafeteria workers have unionized".Vox.Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. RetrievedDecember 31, 2019.At Google, contractors make up around half of the company's total workforce and are called "TVCs" — temps, vendors, and contractors.
^Marshall, Aarian (January 12, 2021)."Google's New Union Is Already Addressing Political Issues".Wired.ISSN1059-1028.The AWU is somewhat unusual in that it is affiliated with the Communications Workers of America but won't seek recognition or collective bargaining rights through the National Labor Relations Board. "We will use our reclaimed power to control what we work on and how it is used," AWU writes in its mission statement. "We will ensure Alphabet acts ethically and in the best interests of society and the environment." The group says it now has more than 700 dues-paying members. But that's still a tiny percentage of Alphabet's 130,000 employees—and an even smaller share of the company's total workforce, including temporary workers, contractors, and vendors. The union is unusual in another respect, because it welcomes contractors and temporary workers.
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