The development of the town, first mentioned in a 1208 deed, was decisively pushed by the inauguration of theEmperor Franz Joseph Railway fromVienna toPrague in 1869. By the1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain its northern part Dolní Velenice, German:Unterwielands, with the main station was awarded toCzechoslovakia, forming the new town of České Velenice.
Arthur Lanc (1907–1995) &Maria Lanc (1911–1995), he was a local medical officer and responsible for the medical care of Jewish forced laborers; she was a humanitarian. Both died locally and were honoured asRighteous Among the Nations at a ceremony in Vienna in December 1986.