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Theglobal cuisine orworld cuisine is acuisine that is practiced around the world.[1][2] A cuisine is a characteristic style ofcooking that includes specific practices and traditions,[3] often associated with a specific region, country,[4] or culture. To become a global cuisine, a local, regional, or national cuisine must spread internationally and be commonly served around the world. There have been significant improvements and advances during the 20th century infood preservation,storage, shipping, and production, and today many countries, cities, and regions have access to their traditional cuisines and many other global cuisines.
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Japanese cuisine has spread throughout the world, and representative dishes such assushi andramen are among the most popular. In many cases, Japanese food is adapted and reinvented to fit the preferences of the local populace. For instance, theCalifornia roll is a popular dish in the United States that is a modification of the Japanesemakizushi, a type ofsushi. InSouth Korea, both the Japanese curry and the ramen have been imported and popularized primarily in the form of instant food.Tonkatsu andtempura, which are derived from Western food, are now considered and marketed as uniquely Japanese, as well asJapanese curry, which is derived from Indian curry.
In many countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Philippines, and Brazil, Japanese restaurants have become popular. Among these countries, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia are key consumers, according to recent research.
The market of Japanese ingredients is also growing, with brands such asAjinomoto,Kikkoman,Nissin andKewpie mayonnaise, are establishing production base in other Asian countries, such as China, Thailand and Indonesia.
Chinese cuisine has become widespread throughout many other parts of the world — fromAsia to theAmericas,Australia,Western Europe andSouthern Africa. In recent years, connoisseurs of Chinese cuisine have also sprouted inEastern Europe andSouth Asia.American Chinese cuisine andCanadian Chinese food are popular examples of local varieties. Local ingredients would be adopted while maintaining the style and preparation technique.
Traditional Chinese cuisines includeAnhui,Cantonese,Fujian,Hunan,Jiangsu,Shandong,Sichuan, andZhejiang,[5] all of which are defined and termed per the respective regions withinChina where they developed. These regional cuisines are sometimes referred to as the "eight culinary traditions of China." A number of different styles contribute to Chinese cuisine, but perhaps the best known and most influential are the Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangdong cuisines.[6] These styles are distinctive from one another due to factors such as available resources,climate,geography,history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Many Chinese traditional regional cuisines rely on basic methods offood preservation such asdrying,salting,pickling andfermentation.[7]
Thai cuisine is becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world, includingNorth America,Europe, and other parts ofAsia. Thai restaurants are becoming more and more common, servingThai curry and other traditional dishes.
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Indian cuisine has contributed to shaping the history ofinternational relations; thespice trade between India andEurope is often cited by historians as the primary catalyst for Europe'sAge of Discovery.[8] Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia. It has also had the created influence on international cuisines, especially those fromSoutheast Asia, theBritish Isles and theCaribbean.[9][10] The use of Indian spices, herbs and vegetable produce have helped shaped the cuisines of many countries around the world.
Indian cuisine consists of the foods and dishes ofIndia (and to some extent neighboring countries), is characterized by the extensive use of variousIndian spices[11] and vegetables grown acrossIndia, herbs,[12] vegetables[12] and fruits, and is also known for the widespread practice of vegetarianism in Indian society.Indian regional cuisine is primarily categorized at the regional level, but also at provincial levels. Cuisine differences various local cultures, geographical locations (whether a region is close to the sea, desert or the mountains), and economics. Indian cuisine is also seasonal, and utilizes fresh produce.
The cuisine of India is very diverse with each state having an entirely different food platter. The development of these cuisines have been shaped by Hindu and Jain beliefs, in particular vegetarianism which is a common dietary trend in Indian society. There has also been Islamic influence from the years of Mughal and Delhi Sultanate rule, as well as Persian interactions on North Indian and Deccani cuisine. Indian cuisine has been and is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies. Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations and colonialism have also played an important role in introducing certain food types and eating habits to the country. For instance, potato, a staple of North Indian diet was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chiles and breadfruit among other things. Spices were bought from India and traded in exchange for rubber and opium from Malacca.
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Greek cuisine includes more than 80 varieties of local cheeses that are often mixed with pastries and local pizza style cheese breads (spanakopita), is famous for an abundant usage of walnuts in sauces (tahini), salads, or other meat dishes.
Italy's cuisine is one of the best-known cuisines in the world.[13] As aMediterranean cuisine, Italian cuisine makes heavy use of products based onwheat,olives, andgrapes, withtomatoes being a distinguishing factor, and values using few but high-quality ingredients.
American cuisine is a style of food preparation originating from theUnited States of America.European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter. The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.Native American cuisine includes all food practices of theindigenous peoples of the Americas. Modern-day native peoples retain a rich body of traditional foods, some of which have become iconic of present-day Native American social gatherings.
Mexican cuisine, as well asTex-Mex, has become widespread all over the world.
Canadian cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices ofCanada, withregional variances around the country.
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The cuisine ofPapua New Guinea are the traditional varied foods found in the eastern part of theNew Guinea island. Approximately 80% of the population is reliant on subsistence agriculture, so a large percentage of food energy and protein consumed in Papua New Guinea is produced locally, while the balance is imported. Thestaple foods in the country includes root crops, bananas, andsago. Papua New Guinea's diet is largelyvegetarian, especially in theGulf andHighlands regions.
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