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Global Innovation Index

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Index for innovation

*Global Innovation Index*
Publication details
Report cover of the Global Innovation Index Report 2025
Language	English, French, Italian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, German, Korean, Portuguese, Japanese
History	2007–present
Publisher	World Intellectual Property Organization
Frequency	Annual
License	CC BY 4.0
Standard abbreviations ISO 4 (alt) · Bluebook (alt) NLM (alt) · MathSciNet (alt)
ISO 4	Glob. Innov. Index
Indexing CODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM (alt) · Scopus · W&L
ISSN	2263-3693
Links
wipo.int/global_innovation_index globalinnovationindex.org

Framework showing the elements of the index

TheGlobal Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success ininnovation, published by theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 byINSEAD andWorld Business,^[1]^: 203 a British magazine. Until 2021, it was published by WIPO in partnership withCornell University,INSEAD, and other organisations and institutions.^[2]^: 333^[3] It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including theInternational Telecommunication Union, theWorld Bank, and theWorld Economic Forum.^[1]^: 203

History

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The Global Innovation Index was started in 2007 byINSEAD andWorld Business,^[1]^: 203 a British magazine. It was created bySoumitra Dutta.^[4]

Methodology

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The Global Innovation Index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices (the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index), which are composed of respectively five and two pillars. Each of those pillars describes an attribute of innovation and have to five indicators, and their score is calculated by theweighted average method.^[5]

Since its inception in 2007, the index has had its results analyzed by an increasing number of governments annually, which design policy responses to improve their performance.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation forsustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by theGeneral Assembly of the United Nations.^[11]

Criticism

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Several scholars have criticized the index for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that are not integral to innovation. For instance, "Ease of Paying Taxes", "Electricity Output" (half-weightage), and "Ease of Protecting Minority Investors" are factors alongside "Ease of Getting Credit" and "Venture Capital Deals."^[12] A 2024 study by Sarcina, Paolantonio, Valentini, and Iannone argued that the analysis of the GII pillars is "too aggregated to provide the necessary visibility of the determinants of innovation performance." The research found that indicators within a single pillar "contribute with different weights and have different statistical significance." The authors suggested that the model for calculating the ranking should be redefined to not only consider the "most statistically representative variables" but also to include "geographical, demographic, and socio-economic factors," noting that the importance of various innovation determinants likely differs between countries at different stages of development.^[13]

Themes

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Every two years, the index covers a theme related to innovation that goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was "Who will finance innovation?" and shed light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and by pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous themes covered topics such as health innovation, environmental innovation, and agricultural and food innovation.^[14]

2025 ranking

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Economies climbing the ladder in global innovation. Top climbers since 2013 and 2019. Year-on-year comparisons of GII rankings must take into account changes to the GII model that have occurred over time, as well as data availability.

In 2025, for an economy to feature in the GII 2025, the minimum data coverage requirement is at least 35 indicators in the Innovation Input Sub-Index and 15 indicators in the Innovation Output Sub-Index, with scores for at least two sub-pillars per pillar. In the GII 2025, 139 economies had sufficient data available to be included in the Index. They represent 93.6 percent of the world's population.^[15] This year's conceptual framework includes 78 different indicators.^[16]

The Global Innovation Index 2025 scores 139 countries and regions.^[17]


Rank	Country and region	Score	Income group
1	Switzerland	66.0	High-income
2	Sweden	62.6	High-income
3	United States	61.7	High-income
4	South Korea	60.0	High-income
5	Singapore	59.9	High-income
6	United Kingdom	59.1	High-income
7	Finland	57.7	High-income
8	Netherlands	57.0	High-income
9	Denmark	56.9	High-income
10	China	56.6	Upper middle-income
11	Germany	55.5	High-income
12	Japan	53.6	High-income
13	France	53.4	High-income
14	Israel	52.3	High-income
15	Hong Kong	51.5	High-income
16	Estonia	51.1	High-income
17	Canada	51.1	High-income
18	Ireland	50.4	High-income
19	Austria	50.1	High-income
20	Norway	49.2	High-income
21	Belgium	48.5	High-income
22	Australia	48.0	High-income
23	Luxembourg	47.3	High-income
24	Iceland	47.0	High-income
25	New Zealand	45.5	High-income
26	Cyprus	45.5	High-income
27	Malta	45.4	High-income
28	Italy	44.9	High-income
29	Spain	44.6	High-income
30	United Arab Emirates	44.2	High-income
31	Portugal	43.9	High-income
32	Czech Republic	42.0	High-income
33	Lithuania	40.8	High-income
34	Malaysia	40.6	Upper middle-income
35	Slovenia	40.1	High-income
36	Hungary	40.0	High-income
37	Bulgaria	39.1	High-income
38	India	38.2	Lower middle-income
39	Poland	37.7	High-income
40	Croatia	37.7	High-income
41	Latvia	37.5	High-income
42	Greece	37.4	High-income
43	Turkey	37.2	High-income
44	Vietnam	37.1	Upper middle-income
45	Thailand	36.7	Upper middle-income
46	Saudi Arabia	36.0	High-income
47	Slovakia	35.5	High-income
48	Qatar	34.6	High-income
49	Romania	34.3	High-income
50	Philippines	33.6	Lower middle-income
51	Chile	33.1	High-income
52	Brazil	32.9	Upper middle-income
53	Mauritius	32.5	Upper middle-income
54	Serbia	31.7	Upper middle-income
55	Indonesia	31.3	Upper middle-income
56	Georgia	31.2	Upper middle-income
57	Morocco	31.1	Lower middle-income
58	Mexico	30.5	Upper middle-income
59	Armenia	30.5	Upper middle-income
60	Russia	30.3	High-income
61	South Africa	30.1	Upper middle-income
62	Bahrain	30.0	High-income
63	North Macedonia	29.8	Upper middle-income
64	Montenegro	29.8	Upper middle-income
65	Jordan	29.7	Lower middle-income
66	Ukraine	29.7	Lower middle-income
67	Albania	29.6	Upper middle-income
68	Uruguay	28.8	High-income
69	Oman	28.7	High-income
70	Iran	28.5	Lower middle-income
71	Colombia	28.5	Upper middle-income
72	Costa Rica	28.4	High-income
73	Kuwait	28.2	High-income
74	Moldova	27.4	Upper middle-income
75	Seychelles	27.2	High-income
76	Tunisia	27.0	Lower middle-income
77	Argentina	26.8	Upper middle-income
78	Mongolia	26.7	Upper middle-income
79	Uzbekistan	26.5	Lower middle-income
80	Peru	26.5	Upper middle-income
81	Kazakhstan	26.3	Upper middle-income
82	Panama	25.9	High-income
83	Jamaica	25.2	Upper middle-income
84	Barbados	25.1	High-income
85	Belarus	25.1	Upper middle-income
86	Egypt	24.7	Lower middle-income
87	Botswana	24.6	Upper middle-income
88	Brunei	24.5	High-income
89	Senegal	23.8	Lower middle-income
90	Lebanon	23.6	Lower middle-income
91	Namibia	23.5	Lower middle-income
92	Bosnia and Herzegovina	23.4	Upper middle-income
93	Sri Lanka	22.9	Lower middle-income
94	Azerbaijan	22.9	Upper middle-income
95	Cape Verde	22.6	Lower middle-income
96	Kyrgyzstan	22.6	Lower middle-income
97	Dominican Republic	22.6	Upper middle-income
98	El Salvador	22.2	Upper middle-income
99	Pakistan	22.1	Lower middle-income
100	Cambodia	21.9	Lower middle-income
101	Ghana	21.9	Lower middle-income
102	Paraguay	21.4	Upper middle-income
103	Kenya	21.4	Lower middle-income
104	Rwanda	21.1	Low-income
105	Nigeria	21.1	Lower middle-income
106	Bangladesh	21.0	Lower middle-income
107	Nepal	20.2	Lower middle-income
108	Tajikistan	20.2	Lower middle-income
109	Laos	20.1	Lower middle-income
110	Ivory Coast	19.7	Lower middle-income
111	Bolivia	19.6	Lower middle-income
112	Zambia	19.6	Lower middle-income
113	Ecuador	19.5	Upper middle-income
114	Trinidad and Tobago	19.3	High-income
115	Algeria	18.9	Lower middle-income
116	Cameroon	18.2	Lower middle-income
117	Togo	18.1	Low-income
118	Benin	17.8	Lower middle-income
119	Honduras	17.7	Lower middle-income
120	Madagascar	17.6	Low-income
121	Tanzania	17.5	Low-income
122	Myanmar	17.3	Lower middle-income
123	Guatemala	17.1	Upper middle-income
124	Uganda	17.1	Lower middle-income
125	Malawi	16.0	Low-income
126	Burkina Faso	15.9	Low-income
127	Burundi	15.8	Low-income
128	Mozambique	15.4	Low-income
129	Zimbabwe	15.4	Lower middle-income
130	Nicaragua	15.4	Lower middle-income
131	Mauritania	15.4	Low-income
132	Lesotho	14.9	Low-income
133	Guinea	14.9	Lower middle-income
134	Ethiopia	14.4	Low-income
135	Mali	14.0	Low-income
136	Venezuela	13.7	Lower middle-income
137	Republic of the Congo	13.6	Lower middle-income
138	Angola	13.0	Lower middle-income
139	Niger	11.9	Low-income

2024 ranking

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Movement in the Global Innovation Index top 10 countries and territories between 2018 and 2022

The Global Innovation Index 2024 scores 133 countries and regions.^[18]^[19] The sorting order is in descending score.


Rank	Country and region	Score	Income group
1	Switzerland	67.5	High-income
2	Sweden	64.5	High-income
3	United States	62.4	High-income
4	Singapore	61.2	High-income
5	United Kingdom	61.0	High-income
6	South Korea	60.9	High-income
7	Finland	59.4	High-income
8	Netherlands	58.8	High-income
9	Germany	58.1	High-income
10	Denmark	57.1	High-income
11	China	56.3	Upper middle-income
12	France	55.4	High-income
13	Japan	54.1	High-income
14	Canada	52.9	High-income
15	Israel	52.7	High-income
16	Estonia	52.3	High-income
17	Austria	50.3	High-income
18	Hong Kong	50.1	High-income
19	Ireland	50.0	High-income
20	Luxembourg	49.1	High-income
21	Norway	49.1	High-income
22	Iceland	48.5	High-income
23	Australia	48.1	High-income
24	Belgium	47.7	High-income
25	New Zealand	45.9	High-income
26	Italy	45.3	High-income
27	Cyprus	45.1	High-income
28	Spain	44.9	High-income
29	Malta	44.8	High-income
30	Czech Republic	44.0	High-income
31	Portugal	43.7	High-income
32	United Arab Emirates	42.8	High-income
33	Malaysia	40.5	Upper middle-income
34	Slovenia	40.2	High-income
35	Lithuania	40.1	High-income
36	Hungary	39.6	High-income
37	Turkey	39.0	Upper middle-income
38	Bulgaria	38.5	High-income
39	India	38.3	Lower middle-income
40	Poland	37.0	High-income
41	Thailand	36.9	Upper middle-income
42	Latvia	36.4	High-income
43	Croatia	36.3	High-income
44	Vietnam	36.2	Lower middle-income
45	Greece	36.2	High-income
46	Slovakia	34.3	High-income
47	Saudi Arabia	33.9	High-income
48	Romania	33.4	High-income
49	Qatar	32.9	High-income
50	Brazil	32.7	Upper middle-income
51	Chile	32.6	High-income
52	Serbia	32.3	Upper middle-income
53	Philippines	31.1	Lower middle-income
54	Indonesia	30.6	Upper middle-income
55	Mauritius	30.6	Upper middle-income
56	Mexico	30.4	Upper middle-income
57	Georgia	30.4	Upper middle-income
58	North Macedonia	29.9	Upper middle-income
59	Russia	29.7	High-income
60	Ukraine	29.5	Lower middle-income
61	Colombia	29.2	Upper middle-income
62	Uruguay	29.1	High-income
63	Armenia	29.0	Upper middle-income
64	Iran	28.9	Lower middle-income
65	Montenegro	28.9	Upper middle-income
66	Morocco	28.8	Lower middle-income
67	Mongolia	28.7	Lower middle-income
68	Moldova	28.7	Upper middle-income
69	South Africa	28.3	Upper middle-income
70	Costa Rica	28.3	Upper middle-income
71	Kuwait	28.1	High-income
72	Bahrain	27.6	High-income
73	Jordan	27.5	Lower middle-income
74	Oman	27.1	High-income
75	Peru	26.7	Upper middle-income
76	Argentina	26.4	Upper middle-income
77	Barbados	26.1	High-income
78	Kazakhstan	25.7	Upper middle-income
79	Jamaica	25.7	Upper middle-income
80	Bosnia and Herzegovina	25.5	Upper middle-income
81	Tunisia	25.4	Lower middle-income
82	Panama	24.7	High-income
83	Uzbekistan	24.7	Lower middle-income
84	Albania	24.5	Upper middle-income
85	Belarus	24.2	Upper middle-income
86	Egypt	23.7	Lower middle-income
87	Botswana	23.1	Upper middle-income
88	Brunei	22.8	High-income
89	Sri Lanka	22.6	Lower middle-income
90	Cape Verde	22.3	Lower middle-income
91	Pakistan	22.0	Lower middle-income
92	Senegal	22.0	Lower middle-income
93	Paraguay	21.9	Upper middle-income
94	Lebanon	21.5	Lower middle-income
95	Azerbaijan	21.3	Upper middle-income
96	Kenya	21.0	Lower middle-income
97	Dominican Republic	20.8	Upper middle-income
98	El Salvador	20.6	Upper middle-income
99	Kyrgyzstan	20.4	Lower middle-income
100	Bolivia	20.2	Lower middle-income
101	Ghana	20.0	Lower middle-income
102	Namibia	20.0	Upper middle-income
103	Cambodia	19.9	Lower middle-income
104	Rwanda	19.7	Low-income
105	Ecuador	19.3	Upper middle-income
106	Bangladesh	19.1	Lower middle-income
107	Tajikistan	18.6	Lower middle-income
108	Trinidad and Tobago	18.4	High-income
109	Nepal	18.1	Lower middle-income
110	Madagascar	17.9	Low-income
111	Laos	17.8	Lower middle-income
112	Ivory Coast	17.5	Lower middle-income
113	Nigeria	17.1	Lower middle-income
114	Honduras	16.7	Lower middle-income
115	Algeria	16.2	Lower middle-income
116	Zambia	15.7	Lower middle-income
117	Togo	15.6	Low-income
118	Zimbabwe	15.6	Lower middle-income
119	Benin	15.4	Lower middle-income
120	Tanzania	15.3	Lower middle-income
121	Uganda	14.9	Low-income
122	Guatemala	14.6	Upper middle-income
123	Cameroon	14.4	Lower middle-income
124	Nicaragua	14.0	Lower middle-income
125	Myanmar	13.8	Lower middle-income
126	Mauritania	13.2	Lower middle-income
127	Burundi	13.2	Low-income
128	Mozambique	13.1	Low-income
129	Burkina Faso	12.8	Low-income
130	Ethiopia	12.3	Low-income
131	Mali	11.8	Low-income
132	Niger	11.2	Low-income
133	Angola	10.2	Lower middle-income

References

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^^a ^b ^cJean-Eric Aubert (editor) (2010).Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank.ISBN 9780821382691.
^Charles H. Matthews, Ralph Brueggemann (2015).Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Competency Framework. London; New York: Routledge.ISBN 9780415742528.
^"UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved15 July 2016.
^"Academic Network – Portulans Institute".portulansinstitute.org. Retrieved15 November 2022.
^Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent (editors) (2015).Global Innovation Index Report 2015. Fontainebleau; Ithaca; Geneva: INSEAD, Cornell and WIPO.ISBN 9782952221085. Archived 18 February 2016.
^"Republic Act No. 11293 : The Philippine Innovation Act declares the GII as a measure of innovation".lawphil.net. Retrieved15 November 2022.
^In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters, under the Japanese Prime Minister's Office, decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, which set forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p. 5):https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf
^The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12):https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en Archived 4 June 2023 at theWayback Machine.
^"Resolution No. 01/NQ-CP on solutions for implementation of socio economic development plan in 2021".LuatVietnam. Retrieved9 November 2022.
^"UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved15 July 2016.
^A/RES/74/229: Seventy-fourth session: Agenda item 20 (b): Globalization and interdependence: science, technology and innovation for sustainable development: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019. Accessed December 2021.
^Dašić, Predrag; Dašić, Jovan; Antanasković, Dejan; Pavićević, Nina (2020)."Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Global Innovation Index (GII) of Serbia". In Karabegović, Isak (ed.).New Technologies, Development and Application III. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 128. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 515–521.doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_59.ISBN 978-3-030-46817-0.S2CID 218917874.
^Sarcina, Angela; Paolantonio, M. R.; Valentini, P. P.; Iannone, R. V. (2024)."Innovation's Performance: A Transnational Analysis Based on the Global Innovation Index".Procedia Computer Science.235:451–460.doi:10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.043.ISSN 1877-0509.
^"Publications: Global Innovation Index". Wipo.int. Retrieved8 May 2022.
^"The Global Innovation Index. Appendix I – Conceptual and measurement framework of the Global Innovation Index".wipo.int. 2025. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under theCC BY 4.0 license.
^"Global Innovation Index 2025. Appendix III - Sources and definitions".wipo.int. 2025.
^"Global Innovation Index 2025 - GII 2025 results".wipo.int. 2025.
^WIPO."Global Innovation Index 2024, 17th Edition".www.wipo.int. Retrieved1 October 2024.
^Akhilesh, Kumar (12 June 2024)."Political Economy of STI in China: Analyzing Official Discourse on Science, Technology and Innovation-Driven Development in the Contemporary China".BRICS Journal of Economics.5 (2):131–154.doi:10.3897/brics-econ.5.e120897. Retrieved14 June 2024.

This article incorporatestext available under theCC BY 4.0 license.

External links

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The Global Innovation Index on wipo.int

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