Glenn L. Martin | |
|---|---|
 Martin in a pusher-biplane, c. 1912 | |
| Born | Glenn Luther Martin January 17, 1886 Macksburg, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | December 5, 1955(1955-12-05) (aged 69) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Pilot, aircraft engineer and entrepreneur |
| Known for | Aviation pioneer |
| Awards | Collier Trophy(1932) Daniel Guggenheim Medal(1940) National Aviation Hall of Fame(1966) |
Glenn Luther Martin (January 17, 1886 – December 5, 1955) was an early Americanaviation pioneer. He designed and built his own aircraft and was an active pilot, as well as an aviation record-holder. He founded an aircraft company in 1912 which through several mergers amalgamated into what is today known asLockheed Martin.[1]
Glenn L. Martin was born inMacksburg, Iowa, on January 17, 1886, to Minta and Clarence Martin. At the age of two, Martin's family moved toSalina, Kansas, so that his father could run a wheat farm. By age six, he became interested in kites, but at first his friends made fun of box-kites he built. When the kites flew well, people paid him twenty-five cents to build one for them. He turned his mother's kitchen into a "factory" to produce more kites. Martin also began using sails on everything from ice skates to wagons, and even his bicycle to move faster with less effort.[2]
He attended and studied business at Kansas Wesleyan in Salina, Kansas. In 1933, he received an honorary Bachelor of Science degree fromKansas Wesleyan University.[3]
As he grew up, he became fascinated with flight, first with kites, then later theWright brothers' airplane. In 1909 he decided to build one himself based on theCurtiss June Bug,[4] but it was destroyed on the first test flight. For his next effort, Martin used silk and bamboo in the aircraft's construction. This airplane made a short flight. Martin was often assisted by his mother Minta Martin holding a lamp in the building of his first few airplanes.
On May 10, 1912, Martin flew a self-built seaplane fromNewport Bay, California to Avalon onCatalina Island, then back across the channel. This broke the earlier English Channel record for over-water flight. Martin's total distance was 68 miles (109 km), with the Newport-Avalon leg taking 37 minutes.[5] He picked up a bag of mail on the island on the way, and was presented with $100 ($2600 in 2019) prize for his achievement. In 1913, Martin was not as fortunate while competing in the Great Lakes Reliability Cruise, a 900 miles (1,400 km) race of seaplanes around theGreat Lakes. Martin's pontoon hit a wave at high speed and low altitude, causing the plane to somersault, and sink to the bottom with Martin, who escaped and attempted to salvage the plane to finish the race.[6]
In 1912, Martin built an airplane factory in an old Methodist church inLos Angeles, California. To make money to finance this business, he began stunt-flying at fairs and local airfields. He saw an advertisement for a pilot/airplane owner to play a role in a movie. Sensing an opportunity to market his airplanes, he replied to the ad and got the part of a dashing hero in the 1915 productionA Girl of Yesterday starringMary Pickford. Soon, however, Martin realized that film production was more difficult than he anticipated. In addition to flying Pickford around in his airplane, he had a scene where he had to kissFrances Marion, who later became a legendary Hollywood screenwriter. Martin in describing his hesitance having to kiss Marion declared, "my mother would not like it" which astounded Pickford. He worked up the courage however after persuasion byParamount bossAdolph Zukor and completed the scene.[7][8]
Martin held a record for longest American over-water flight, 66 miles. His company designed aircraft for the military, including bombers for both world wars. An early success came duringWorld War I with production of theMB-1 bomber. TheMB-2 and others were also successful.
In 1932, Martin won theCollier Trophy for his involvement with theMartin B-10 bomber.
He founded theGlenn L. Martin Company in 1912. In 1916 he merged his company with the originalWright Company, forming the Wright-Martin Aircraft Company. He soon left and founded a second Glenn L. Martin Company in 1917. That company merged with the American-Marietta Corporation in 1961, becoming theMartin Marietta Corporation. This company merged with theLockheed Corporation in 1995, formingLockheed Martin, a major U.S. aerospace and defense contractor. In the 1940s, towards the end of Martin's life, he and his beloved and now aged mother Minta were photographed touring the Martin facilities in Baltimore and celebrating Martin's success as one of the captains in the aviation industry.
In 1925, the Industrial Bureau contacted Glenn Martin at his plant in Cleveland, Ohio. It was the Bureau's job to attract Martin to Maryland. After speaking with Martin, a site in Middle River was chosen. From this point it was a three-year-long struggle to acquire the land needed from forty-five property owners. This struggle involved convincing the citizens that this was going to become a booming industry and would provide many jobs in the area. In 1928, the Glenn L. Martin Company moved to Maryland, bringing hundreds of much needed jobs, an airport, and a booming aviation industry.[9] In 1931 he joined theMaryland Club.
He died from complications of a stroke on December 5, 1955, inBaltimore, Maryland.[1]
Martin's donations to theUniversity of Maryland, College Park, created the Glenn L. Martin Institute of Technology, which includes theA. James Clark School of Engineering. The university's wind tunnel and a classroom building (the home of the Department of Aerospace Engineering and other units) also bear Martin's name.
Martin donated 2,569 acres to the Fish and Wildlife Service to createGlenn Martin National Wildlife Refuge on theEastern Shore of Maryland.
The Glenn L. Martin Stadium on the campus of Kansas Wesleyan University opened in 1940; it was demolished in 2014.[10]
In 1945, Glenn L. Martin founded theAAABA National Baseball Tournament inJohnstown, Pennsylvania. The tournament continues to be played each August at thePoint Stadium.[11]
In 1951, Glenn L. Martin Elementary School opened in Santa Ana, California.[12]
In 1966, Martin was inducted in theNational Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio.[13]
In 1977, Martin was inducted into theInternational Air & Space Hall of Fame.[14]
USPS Building Bridges Special Postal Cancellation Series commemorated the 110th Anniversary of Glenn L. Martin's first flight with a series of 5 postal cancellations in 3 cities with world premieres of trumpet solo and clarinet/vocal/guitar arrangements of "Break Free on Wings of Music" byKendall Ross Bean, and the retracing of Glenn Martin's flight path on May 10, 1912.[15]
Glenn L. Martin, aviation pioneer whose career ranged from production of 25-cent box kites to work on man-made earth satellites, died here tonight at the age of 69.
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