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TheGlengarrybonnet is a traditional Scots cap made of thick-milledwoollen material, decorated with atoorie on top, frequently a rosettecockade on the left side, and ribbons hanging behind. It is normally worn as part ofScottish military or civilianHighland dress, either formal or informal, as an alternative to theBalmoral bonnet orTam o' Shanter.
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Traditionally, the Glengarry bonnet is said to have first appeared as the head dress of theGlengarry Fencibles when they were formed in 1794 byAlexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry, ofClan MacDonell of Glengarry. MacDonell, therefore, is sometimes said to have invented the Glengarry – but it is not clear whether early pictures of civilians orFencible infantry show a true glengarry, capable of being folded flat, or the standard military bonnet of the period merely cocked into a more "fore-and-aft" shape.[1] The first use of the classic, military glengarry may not have been until 1841, when it is said to have been introduced for the pipers of the 79th Foot by the commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Lauderdale Maule.[2]
It was only in the 1850s that the Glengarry became characteristic undress headgear of the Scottish regiments of theBritish Army. By 1860, the Glengarry without a diced border and usually with a feather had been adopted by pipers in all regiments except the 42nd (Black Watch), whose pipers wore the full dressfeather bonnet. In 1914, all Scottish infantry regiments were wearing dark blue Glengarries in non-ceremonial orders of dress, except for theCameronians (Scottish Rifles) who wore them inrifle green, and theScots Guards, who wore peakedforage caps or khakiservice dress caps.
The diced bands on Glengarries were either in red, white and blue for royal regiments or red, white and green for others. The toories on top could be red, royal blue or black, according to regiment. The Black Watch and Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, however, wore Glengarries without dicing andThe 93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders were unique in wearing a simple red and white chequer pattern. This was said to commemorate the stand of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders at theBattle of Balaclava immortalized asthe Thin Red Line.[citation needed]
Between 1868 and 1897, the Glengarry was also worn as an undress cap for mostBritish soldiers until replaced by the short-livedAustrian cap, replaced in turn in 1902 by theBrodrick cap (to which a peak was added to produce the design of cap worn in regimental colours with undress and in khaki withService Dress at the start of theFirst World War). When the Austrian-styleside cap was revived in 1937 as theUniversal Pattern Field Service Cap (used by theBritish Army in theSecond World War), theDress Regulations for the Army, described it as "similar in shape to the Glengarry".
The Glengarry continued to be worn in dark blue by all regiments of theScottish Division up to their final amalgamation into theRoyal Regiment of Scotland in 2006. In parade dress, it was worn by all regiments except theBlack Watch, who wore the blueBalmoral bonnet, and musicians of some regiments, who wore feather bonnets in full dress. The Black Watch, however, wore a plain blue Glengarry in some orders of dress with trews. The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) wore a plain rifle green Glengarry up until their disbandment in 1968. The blue Glengarry currently worn by the Royal Regiment of Scotland has red, green and white dicing, a redtoorie, black silk cockade and the regimental cap badge surmounted by ablackcock (Tetrao tetrix) feather. This last is a tradition taken from theRoyal Scots andKing's Own Scottish Borderers. OtherCommonwealth military forces that have Scottish and Highland regiments also make use of the Glengarry.[3]
The headdress worn byIrish Army's Cavalry Corps is called a Glengarry but is more similar to thecaubeen[4] in appearance,[5] than to the Scottish headdress of the same name. It was designed in 1934 for theCavalry Corps as a more practical headdress than the standard peaked cap in the confines of their armoured cars and tanks. The Glengarry is the same colour as the army's service dress uniform with a black band and two black swallow-tail ribbons at the rear. The cap badge is worn over the left eye. Officers in theRDF wear a similar Glengarry but with green band and ribbons as part of their service dress uniform. Army pipers and drummers wear a black Glengarry with a saffron band and ribbons and a dark green feather hackle.
The Glengarry is worn by male members of staff at thePalace of Holyroodhouse, the King's Official residence in Scotland.
The Glengarry is also commonly worn by civilians, notably civilian pipe bands, but can be considered an appropriate hat worn by any man with Highland casual dress or day wear. In this context, it most often has a red toorie. In pipe bands, women often also wear the Glengarry.
The Glengarry is the headdress stipulated in Dress Regulations for Officers of theBoys' Brigade; namely Warrant Officers, Lieutenants and Brevet Captains.
In 1932Percy Sillitoe, the Chief Constable of theCity of Glasgow Police, abolished the traditionalcustodian helmet and added a new feature to thepeaked caps worn by his police officers. This new feature was a black and white chequered cap band based on the dicings seen on the Glengarry headdress of the Scottish regiments. The diced band, popularly known as theSillitoe tartan, later spread to police forces in Australia,New Zealand, and the rest of the United Kingdom, as well as to some other parts of the world, notably Chicago.
The correct method of wearing the Glengarry has changed since the end of theSecond World War. Prior to 1945, Glengarries were generally worn steeply angled, with the right side of the cap worn low, often touching the ear, and the side with the capbadge higher on the head. The trend since the end of the war has been to wear the Glengarry level on the head, with the point directly in the middle.
The Glengarry differs from its Scottish counterpart by being more of a caubeen with tails, experts say.
The cap was called in the Irish Army a 'Glengarry' – confusing for the British, for whom a glengarry is a decorated scottish sidecap, while the Irish beret is known as a Caubeen