Glen H. Taylor
Campaign portrait, 1954
United States Senator fromIdaho
In office January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1951
Preceded by	D. Worth Clark
Succeeded by	Herman Welker
Personal details
Born	Glen Hearst Taylor (1904-04-12)April 12, 1904 Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Died	April 28, 1984(1984-04-28) (aged 80) Burlingame, California, U.S.
Resting place	Skylawn Memorial Park San Mateo, California, U.S.
Political party	Democratic (before 1948, 1950–1984)
Other political affiliations	Progressive (1948–1949)Independent (1956)[a]
Children	3

Glen Hearst Taylor (April 12, 1904 – April 28, 1984) was an American politician, entertainer, businessman, andU.S. senator fromIdaho.^[1][2][3]

He was thevice presidential candidate on theProgressive Party ticket in the1948 election.^[2] Taylor was otherwise a member of theDemocratic Party. By one measure, Taylor was the second-most liberal member of the U.S. Senate, trailing onlyWayne Morse ofOregon, and the fourth-most liberal member of Congress overall between 1937 and 2002.^[4]

Born in a boarding house inPortland, Oregon, Taylor was the twelfth of thirteen children of Pleasant John Taylor and Olive Higgins Taylor.^[5] His father was a retired Texas ranger and wandering preacher,^[6] and the family was with him in Portland for a protracted soul-saving meeting.

The familyhomesteaded inNorth Central Idaho, nearKooskia, and Taylor attended the public schools. In 1919, after completing eighth grade, he joined his older brother'sstock theater company,^[1][2] and between 1926 and 1944, he became the owner and manager of various entertainment enterprises. Taylor was also acountry-western singer; his older sister, Lena, became famous as a jazz singer under the nameLee Morse in the 1920s.^[7]

Taylor was inspired to run for political office byKing Camp Gillette's bookThe People's Corporation^[7] andStuart Chase's 1932 bookA New Deal. In 1935 Taylor unsuccessfully attempted to organize aFarmer–Labor Party inNevada andMontana.^[8]

By the late 1930s, Taylor had settled ineastern Idaho atPocatello. His first political campaign was in 1938 for an open seat in theUnited States House of Representatives from thesecond district, but he finished a distant fourth in the Democratic primary.^[7]

Taylor first ran for theUnited States Senate in 1940 in a special election to fill the remaining term of the lateWilliam Borah, but lost to appointeeJohn Thomas, with 47.1 to 52.9 percent. Despite being labeled as "semi-socialistic" and "communistic," he ran again in 1942 against Thomas and lost a closer race, 48.5 to 51.5 percent. Taylor lost both elections to Thomas because of stiff opposition from state Democratic Party leaders.^[8] Between elections, Taylor supported himself as a painter's assistant and sheet metal worker in California.^[6]

In his third try for the Senate, Taylor ran for the other Idaho seat in 1944, narrowly defeating conservative incumbentD. Worth Clark in the Democratic primary, andGovernorC. A. Bottolfsen in the general election. Taylor, the first professional actor ever elected toCongress, had never been east of Chicago prior to his election.^[6]

In the Senate, Taylor, known as "The Singing Cowboy," acquired a reputation for eccentric behavior. Upon his arrival in Washington, D.C., Taylor rode his horse, Nugget, up the steps of theU.S. Capitol building.^[9] Nugget also accompanied Taylor during a 1947 tour of the country highlighting his antiwar activism and opposition to U.S. foreign policy of the time.^{[10][11][12][13]}

When Taylor moved to Washington in preparation to besworn in in January 1945, the housing shortage caused byWorld War II was still in full swing and so he and his family had a difficult time finding a place to live. In response, Taylor, a musician and songwriter, stood outside the US Capitol building and sang, "O give us a home, near the Capitol dome, with a yard for two children to play ..." to the tune of "Home on the Range".^[14] He and his family were offered several places to rent.

Taylor was appointed to theCommittee on Banking and Currency after telling SenatorRobert F. Wagner of New York that he was qualified for the post because he had been a depositor with several banks. In October 1945, Taylor submitted aresolution to the Senate "favoring the creation of aworld republic."^[6] Taylor supported legislation favored by Truman 92% of the time between 1945 and 1947, but disagreed with him on foreign policy.^[15]

In July 1946, at a convention of theNational Lawyers Guild in Cleveland, Senator Taylor said:

Success of monopolies in dealing with the present Congress is evident in the wrecking of price control, profit-guaranteeing tax rebates, blocking of power projects in the Columbia and Missouri Valleys, pigeonholing of the minimum wage bill and in the emasculation of the 1944Kilgore Reconversion Bill and the 1945Murray Full-Employment Bill.
Monopolies have so influenced our foreign policy that it serves monopoly and monopolistic aims.^[16]

On election night in 1946, Taylor made national headlines by allegedly breaking the jaw of local Republican leader Ray McKaig in a hotel lobby inBoise.^[17] Taylor claimed that McKaig had called him an obscene name, and struck him first with a punch that broke his nose,^[18][19] but McKaig denied those claims.^[20] McKaig, 66, claimed that while he was lying on the floor Taylor proceeded to kick him in the face,^[21] but Taylor denied that claim.^[19][22] When Taylor lost his reelection bid in the 1950 primary, McKaig sent a telegram that said, "You may have broken my jaw, but I just broke your back!!!"

Taylor also feuded with other Idaho Democrats, often making critical remarks aboutCharles C. Gossett, who resigned as governor in November 1945 to have his successor appoint him to the vacant Senate seat. During the 1946 Democratic primary in June, Taylor openly supported Gossett's opponent,George E. Donart, calling the appointed incumbent Gossett a "conservative" who "hobnobbed" with Republicans in Congress.^[23]

In the Senate, Taylor became noted for lengthy speeches that were often critical of PresidentHarry S. Truman's policies, particularly in foreign affairs. He was particularly critical of theTruman Doctrine and theMarshall Plan, both of which he believed brought the United States closer to war with theSoviet Union.^[24] Taylor was decidedly less critical of the Soviet Union than most of his Senate colleagues, once noting that there was no need to criticize Soviet policy when there were 90 other senators willing to do it every day.^[8]

Taylor was an early proponent of theCivil Rights Movement and, as senator, openly opposed supporters and policies ofracial segregation. He advocated for racial equality, and an immediate end to Jim Crow discrimination in arenas such as jobs, housing, voting, and the courts. In 1946, he pushed his way onto the Senate floor to interrupt and oppose Southern senatorsfilibustering against making the anti-discriminationFair Employment Practices Committee permanent, as it only ensured non-discrimination in government funded defense jobs duringWorld War II.^[25] In January 1947, Taylor requested for the Senate to delay the swearing-in ofMississippi SenatorTheodore G. Bilbo, who had been re-elected in 1946, pending investigation of charges against Bilbo for corruption and civil rights violations. As a result, Bilbo, well known for his segregationist, racially-charged rhetoric, was never formally seated for his final Senate term. The impasse was not completely resolved until Bilbo's death in August 1947.^[26]

Taylor was arrested on May 1, 1948, inBirmingham, Alabama, by Police CommissionerEugene "Bull" Connor, for attempting to use a door reserved for African Americans, rather than the whites-only door, while Taylor was attempting to attend a meeting of theSouthern Negro Youth Congress. He was later convicted of disorderly conduct.^[27][28] He appealed his conviction to the Court of Appeals of Alabama (part of which became theAlabama Court of Criminal Appeals in 1969), but lost the appeal.^[29] When Taylor refused to return to Alabama to serve a 180-day sentence of hard labor, Idaho GovernorC. A. Robins declined to extradite him.^[25]

In July 1947, Taylor was asked by aUnited Press reporter what he thought about reports thatremnants of a UFO had been found by the Air Force nearRoswell, New Mexico. Taylor replied that he almost hoped flying saucers would turn out to be spaceships from another planet: "They could end our petty arguments on earth." He went on to say that no matter what the UFOs turned out to be, they "can't be laughed off."

"Even if it is only a psychological phenomenon, it is a sign of what the world is coming to," Taylor explained. "If we don't ease the tensions, the whole world will be full of psychological cases and eventually turn into a global nuthouse."

In 1948 Taylor was chosen as the vice presidential candidate on the Progressive ticket headed by former Vice PresidentHenry A. Wallace ofIowa.^[1] Taylor agreed to be the nominee despite accurately foreseeing that this step meant he would be heavily defeated in his next Senate campaign.^[25] The unabashedly leftist Wallace/Taylor ticket failed to carry any states and won only 2.4 percent of the nationwide popular vote. The nomination prompted an effort by conservatives within theIdaho Democratic Party to expel him from its ranks, but was defeated.^[30]

In 1950, former SenatorDavid Worth Clark sought to regain his Senate seat from Taylor, whose run on the Progressive ticket earned him a reputation as an "incorrigible leftist" in Idaho. It contributed to Taylor's primary defeat by Clark,^[31] who in turn lost in the general election to conservative RepublicanHerman Welker.

Source:^[32]

• 1940 was a special election (November) to complete the final two years of the term vacated by the death ofWilliam Borah on January 19, 1940. Thomas, a former U.S. senator (1928–1933), was appointed to the seat by Governor C. A. Bottolfsen on January 27.

Taylor served as president of Coryell Construction Company from 1950 to 1952 but was forced to resign after being labeled a "security risk," jeopardizing a government contract. Afterwards, he was often forced to work manual labor construction jobs.^[7] He ran again for the Senate in 1954 but was decisively beaten by Republican incumbentHenry Dworshak, winning only 37.2 percent of the vote. His sixth and final Senate attempt came in 1956; he narrowly lost the Democratic primary to 32-year-old lawyerFrank Church,^{[33][34][35][36]} and then got 5.1 percent of the vote in the general election as a write-in candidate.^[37] In March 1958, Taylor proposed that Church take alie detector test about fraud in the 1956 primary.^[38]

In 1958, Taylor and his wife Dora moved toMillbrae, California, and began making hairpieces by hand based on a hairpiece Taylor made for himself in the early 1940s.^[1][2] By 1960, Taylor Topper Inc. had become the major manufacturer ofhair replacements in the United States. Taylor toldThe Washington Post in 1978 that he was very familiar with them: "I was 18, a juvenile leading man in a traveling show, and my hair had begun to fall out. There isn't much demand for bald juvenile leading men, and I tried everything – sheep dip, what have you – and that just made it fall out faster."

Taylor explained that he had run for public office without the hairpiece and found that voters "didn't have much use for bald politicians" but that "I ran the fourth time with it and won." His originaltoupée was made from a tin pie plate, which he lined with pink felt, then pulled human hair through.^[39] In 1958, he was granted a patent (#2,850,023) for his innovative product.^[40][41] Glen and Dora Taylor were successful manufacturing hairpieces, and Taylor Toppers became famous. The company, now known as Taylormade Hair Replacement, is still active in Millbrae.^[42]

Glen and Dora Taylor had three sons between 1935 and 1946, Glen Arod (Dora spelled backward) and then Paul Jon and Greg.^[1]

Taylor died at 80 in April 1984 from complications fromAlzheimer's disease;^[1][7] Dora Taylor remained in theSan Mateo County area until her death at 93 in 1997.^[42] They are interred atSkylawn Memorial Park inSan Mateo.

• Schmidt, Karl (1960).Henry A. Wallace: Quixotic Crusade 1948.Syracuse University Press.

Senator Glen H. Taylor,The Way It Was With Me (memoir), Lyle Stuart, Secaucus, New Jersey, 1979ISBN 0-8184-0288-1

• United States Congress."Glen H. Taylor (id: T000079)".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Taylormade (hair): History
• Glen H. Taylor atFind a Grave

• 1904 births
• 1984 deaths
• Activists for African-American civil rights
• American entertainers
• American anti-racism activists
• Deaths from dementia in California
• Deaths from Alzheimer's disease in California
• Democratic Party United States senators from Idaho
• Idaho Democrats
• Left-wing populists
• People from Idaho County, Idaho
• Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
• People from Pocatello, Idaho
• Progressive Party (United States, 1948) politicians
• 1948 United States vice-presidential candidates
• 20th-century American businesspeople
• 20th-century United States senators

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