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Judicate of Torres Iudicatus Turritanus Torres (Latin) | |||||||||||||||
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| 11th century–1259 | |||||||||||||||
 Coat of arms | |||||||||||||||
.svg) Judicate of Torres | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | Ardara,Porto Torres,Sassari | ||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Sardinian,Latin | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Judicate (kingdom) | ||||||||||||||
| Judge | |||||||||||||||
• 1060–1073 | Barisone I of Torres | ||||||||||||||
• 1218–1233 | Marianus II of Torres | ||||||||||||||
• 1236–1259 | Adelasia of Torres | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 11th century | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1259 | ||||||||||||||
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TheJudicate of Logudoro orTorres (Sardinian:Judicadu de Logudoro orTorres,Rennu de Logudoro orLogu de Torres) was one of thefour kingdoms oriudicati into whichSardinia was divided during theMiddle Ages. It occupied the northwest part of the island from the 11th through the 13th century, bordering theGallura to the east,Arborea to the south, andCagliari to the southeast. Its original capital wasPorto Torres. The region is still calledLogudoro today.
Logudoro was the largest and earliest of theiudicati but also the second to be subsumed by a foreign power. It was divided into twentycuratoriae, ruled bycuratores.
Sardinia was an imperial province of theByzantine Empire until the 9th century, when theArabs andBerbers began pursuing aggressive policies of expansion and piracy in theMediterranean. Thegradual conquest ofSicily by these groups from 827 on effectively cut Sardinia off from the central government and military might of the Empire, and the Byzantines found the island increasingly difficult to supply and defend. In the absence of instruction or reinforcement, the Sardinian provincial Byzantine officials, callediudices ("judges") began to govern autonomously. A singlearchontate was formed to govern the entire island, that nominally still recognized the Byzantine emperor. By the 11th century the archontate became divided into four provinces (giudicati, literally "judgeships"), though two — Logudoro andArborea — were combined at the start of the 11th century. By 1073, these districts had becomede facto independent states, their ruling kings still titled asiudices orjudikes after their imperial civil servant predecessors. The first capital city of the Giudicato of Logudoro was ancient Torres (nowPorto Torres), but the coastal city was exposed to Arab attacks, and so the seat of the judgeship was transferred first toArdara and finally toSassari.
Logudoro only began to emerge from the fog of history during the reign ofBarisone I from about 1038 to 1073. He broughtWestern monasticism to the island by requesting monks fromAbbot Desiderius ofMontecassino and in this he was supported by bothPope Alexander II andGodfrey the Bearded,Margrave of Tuscany, though thearchdiocese of Pisa, thitherto the chief religious influence on the island, opposed it. The monks had spiritual, scholastic and military roles. On the death of Barisone I, Arborea chose its own judge inMarianus de Zori, while the Logudorese choseAndrew Tanca.
The kingdom of Logudoro came to an end in 1259, when the queenAdelasia died without an heir. After this, Logudoro was effectively ruled by theGenoese families ofDoria andMalaspina, and the ruling family of Arborea. Sassari meanwhile becamean autonomous city-state.[1]
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