| Gippsland Lakes | |
|---|---|
| Lake Wellington, Lake Victoria, Lake King, Lake Reeve, Lake Tyers, Lake Coleman | |
 The Entrance to Gippsland Lakes | |
  Gippsland Lakes | |
 Landsat 7 imagery of the Gippsland Lakes.Lakes Entrance is visible in the top right of the image. | |
| Location | Gippsland,Victoria |
| Coordinates | 38°00′S147°39′E / 38.000°S 147.650°E /-38.000; 147.650 |
| Primary inflows | Avon,Thomson,Latrobe,Mitchell,Nicholson andTambo rivers |
| Primary outflows | Bass Strait |
| Basin countries | Australia |
| Surface area | 354 km2 (137 sq mi) |
| Surface elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Settlements | Lakes Entrance,Bairnsdale |
| Designated | 15 December 1982 |
| Reference no. | 269[1] |
TheGippsland Lakes are a network of coastallakes,marshes andlagoons inEast Gippsland,Victoria,Australia covering an overall area of about 354 km2 (137 sq mi)[2] between the rural towns ofLakes Entrance,Bairnsdale andSale. The largest of the lakes areLake Wellington (Gunai language:Murla),[3]Lake King (Gunai:Ngarrang)[4] andLake Victoria (Gunai:Toonallook).[4] The lakes are collectively fed by theAvon,Thomson,Latrobe,Mitchell,Nicholson andTambo Rivers, and drain intoBass Strait through a shortcanal about 2 km (1.2 mi) southwest of Lakes Entrancetown centre.
The Gippsland Lakes were formed by two principal processes. The first isriver deltaalluvial deposition of sediment brought in by the rivers which flow into the lakes.[citation needed] Silt deposited by this process forms into long jetties which can run many kilometres into a lake, as exemplified by theMitchell River silt jetties that run into Lake King. The second process is theaction of sea current in Bass Strait which created theNinety Mile Beach and cut off the river deltas from the sea.
Once the lakes were closed off a new cycle started, whereby the water level of the lakes would gradually rise until the waters broke through thebarrier beach and the level would drop down until it equalised with sea-level.[citation needed] Eventually the beach would close-off the lakes and the cycle would begin anew. Sometimes it would take many years before a new channel to the sea was formed and not necessarily in the same place as the last one.
In 1889, a wall was built to fix the position of a naturally occurring channel between the lakes and the ocean atLakes Entrance, to stabilise the water level, create a harbour for fishing boats and open up the lakes to shipping.[citation needed] This entrance needs to be dredged regularly, or the same process that created the Gippsland Lakes would render the entrance too shallow for seagoing vessels to pass through.[citation needed]
Due to flooding in 2011, Gippsland Lakes experienced blooms of bioluminescentNoctiluca scintillans.[5]
| Lake | Gunai name | Area km2 (sq mi) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lake Wellington | Murla | 150 (58) | [6] |
| Lake Victoria | Toonallook | 150 (58) | [7] |
| Lake Reeve | Walmunyee'ra | 52 (20) | [8] |
| Lake King | Ngarrang | 44 (17) | [9] |
| Lake Coleman | ? | 13 (5) | [10] |
| Lake Tyers | Wannang-gatty | 9.5 (3.7) | [11] |
The Gippsland Lakes provide a major hub for tourism, particularly for recreational boating and fishing enthusiasts.[12] The lakes network can be explored by cruise, water taxi, or boat and kayak hire. On the fringes of the lakes are several tourist towns that swell to support the tourist trade, particularly in the summer months.
Lakes Entrance is the largest of the towns on the lakes with a population of 4,500.[13] The town is well serviced with resorts, hotels and facilities. It is located with easy access to both the lakes network and the surf beach onNinety Mile Beach, which is patrolled each summer.
Metung is a small village located on the tip of a peninsula sitting in the Gippsland Lakes, surrounded almost completely by water. It is an upmarket[citation needed] tourist destination with many dining options and artisan galleries.
Much ofPaynesville’s accommodation and infrastructure are located on the network of canals. One of the key attractions isRaymond Island, known for its koala population.
The diversity of the brine waters of the lakes, surf beaches along Ninety Mile Beach and fresh water streams that feed the lakes, make the Gippsland Lakes a popular fishing destination. Local fish varieties include bream, mullet, flathead, luderick and trevally.[14] Paynesville, Lakes Entrance and Metung all offer a number of jetties, boat ramps and berthing facilities.[15]
The lakes support numerous species of wildlife and there exist two protected areas within:The Lakes National Park and Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park. The Gippsland Lakes wetlands are protected by the internationalRamsar Convention on wetlands. There are also approximately 400 indigenous flora species and 300 native fauna species. Three plants, two of them beingorchid species, are listed as endangered.[citation needed] The numbers ofsouthern right whales andhumpback whales using the Lake Entrance area show increases in recent years, as the populations have started to recover from illegal hunts by the Soviet Union with help from Japan in 1960s-1970s.[citation needed]
Gippsland Lakes' marine water quality is monitored by theEnvironment Protection Authority of Victoria, along withPort Phillip andWestern Port.[16]
The water quality in East Gippsland Lakes in the 2021-2022 period declined compared to the previous one mostly due to the heavy rains bringing nutrients to the water in 2021 which lead tocyanobacteria to bloom until May 2022.[17]
The lakes are home to about 50 of the recently described species ofbottlenose dolphin, theBurrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis). The other 150 or so of this rare species are to be found inPort Phillip.[18]
The wetlands provide habitat for about 20,000 waterbirds – including birds from as far afield asSiberia andAlaska. The lakes have been identified byBirdLife International as anImportant Bird Area (IBA) because they regularly support over 1% of the global populations ofblack swans,chestnut teals andmusk ducks, as well as manyfairy terns.[19]
Media related toGippsland Lakes at Wikimedia CommonsWaterways of the East Gippsland catchment,Victoria, Australia | |
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Waterways of the West Gippsland catchment,Victoria, Australia | |
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