Regarded as the most famous and consistent disciple ofNereo Rocco,[5] Trapattoni coached his native Italy national team to the2002 FIFA World Cup andUEFA Euro 2004, but could not replicate his club successes with Italy, suffering a controversial early exit in both competitions. Trapattoni was most recently the manager of theRepublic of Ireland national football team. He led them to their first European Championships in 24 years, enjoying a successfulUEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign. This followed narrowly missing out on the2010 FIFA World Cup, after his team were controversially knocked out byFrance.
After taking a break from the national team, Trapattoni thought he could settle with a mid-table team for one last season instead of being at one club all his life, subsequently moving toVarese and, after a successful season with them, retired from professional football and embarked on a highly successful managerial career two years later.
Trapattoni is also remembered for his performance in Italy's 3–0 friendly victory overBrazil at theSan Siro stadium in Milan on 12 May 1963; during the match, he was able to nullify Pelé's impact on the game through his man-marking ability, with the latter asking to be substituted forQuarentinha in the 26th minute of the second half, whom Trapattoni also successfully defended. However, Pelé later stated in 2000 that his performance was due to stomach pains, and that he was forced to play due to contractual obligations; Trapattoni himself also frequently downplayed Pelé's performance during the match, even prior to Pelé's comments, stating: "the truth is that on that day he was half-injured. Tired. I was a good footballer, but let's leave Pelé alone. He was a martian."[14]
A talented defensive-minded player, Trapattoni was capable of playing both indefence, as a centre-back, and inmidfield, as a defensive midfielder, due to his work-rate and ability to win back possession and subsequently distribute the ball forward to his more offensive-minded teammates. Above all, he was known for his excellent man-marking skills.[15]
Trapattoni began coaching at Milan as a youth team coach, before becoming caretaker coach. Trapattoni was caretaker coach from 9 April 1974 to 30 June 1974.[16] His first match was the1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup semi–final first leg againstBorussia Mönchengladbach.[17] Milan won the match 2–0.[17] They got to the final after only losing the second leg 1–0.[17] Milan lost the final 2–0 to East German club1. FC Magdeburg.[17] Milan finished seventh in Serie A.[18] He was appointed first team coach in 1975.
Apart from winning the European Cup overLiverpool in1984–85,[23] Trapattoni came close to conquering the trophy on another occasion, in1982–83, but Juventus suffered asurprising defeat at the hands ofHamburg in the Athens final, finishing as runners-up.[24]
During his years managing Juventus, Trapattoni established himself as one of the best managers in football history, well-known and respected among fans and journalists throughout Europe. He was renowned for combining expert man-management with almost unmatched tactical knowledge.[4][5]
Trapattoni became coach ofBayern Munich in the summer of 1994, after the end of his second spell with Juventus.[29] However, he left at the end of the1994–95 season, after complaints that he struggled with German. He reached the semi-finals of theChampions League, but failed to win any silverware.[30][31]
Trapattoni coachedCagliari in the 1995–96 season.[32] His first match was a 1–0 loss toUdinese on 26 August 1995.[33] The club's board of directors decided to dismiss him in February 1996, after a string of bad results; Trapattoni was thus fired for the first time in his career.[34] His final match was a 4–1 loss to Juventus.[33] Cagliari were in 13th place at the time of his sacking.[35]
Trapattoni returned to manage Bayern again in July 1996.[36] As Bayern manager Trapattoni won the GermanBundesliga in1996–97, the German Cup (DFB-Pokal) in1997–98 and the German League Cup (DFB-Ligapokal) in1997. He left Bayern at the end of the 1997–98 season and was replaced byOttmar Hitzfeld.[29]
Trapattoni coachedFiorentina from 1998 to 2000. With Trapattoni's expert guidance, Fiorentina made a serious challenge for the title in1998–99, finishing the season in 3rd place, which earned them qualification to the Champions League, also reaching the1999 Coppa Italia Final, but losing out toParma.[37] The following season was rather disappointing in Serie A, with Fiorentina finishing in 7th place,[38] but Trapattoni led them to some historic results in theChampions League, beating Arsenal 1–0 at the oldWembley Stadium in the first round,[39] and defeating defending championsManchester United 2–0[40] and eventual runners-upValencia 1–0 in Florence in the second round.[41] They were ultimately eliminated after finishing third in their group behind the latter two sides following a 3–3 draw againstBordeaux in their final second round match.[42]
Prior to the tournament, Trapattoni was surrounded by controversy after he omitted fan favouriteRoberto Baggio – who had recently recovered from injury – from Italy's final 23-man squad, as he believed that the player was not yet fully fit.[45] Italy were drawn in Group G of the tournament withEcuador,Croatia andMexico. They won their first match, beating Ecuador 2–0,[46] but then suffered a surprise 2–1 defeat at the hands of Croatia.[47] In their final group game, Italy drew 1–1 with Mexico, securing qualification to the Round of 16 with a second-place finish in their group, where they faced tournament co-hostsSouth Korea.[48][49] Italy lost 2–1 and were eliminated from the World Cup, conceding an equaliser two minutes from full-time and losing in extra time withAhn Jung-Hwan scoring thegolden goal. The game was highly controversial with members of the Italian team, most notably Trapattoni andforwardFrancesco Totti, suggesting a conspiracy to eliminate Italy from the competition.[50] Trapattoni even obliquely accused FIFA of ordering the official to ensure a South Korean victory so that one of the two host nations would remain in the tournament.[51] The most contentious decisions were an early penalty awarded to South Korea (saved byGianluigi Buffon), agolden goal byDamiano Tommasi ruledoffside, and the sending off of Totti, who received a second yellow card for an allegeddive in the penalty area, all ruled by the refereeByron Moreno.[52] Following the team's exit, Italy were criticised in the Italian and International press for their poor performance and ultra-defensive playing style under Trapattoni, who also came under fire in the Italian media for his tactics, which included initially refusing to play two of the team's starplaymakers –Alessandro Del Piero and Francesco Totti – alongside one another during the tournament, and substituting a forward – Del Piero – for a holding midfielder –Gennaro Gattuso – in the second half of Italy's round of 16 match, in order to attempt to defend their 1–0 lead against South Korea.[53][54][55][56]
Italy went on to secure qualification forUEFA Euro 2004 easily, but once again failed to impress at the tournament itself. They were drawn in Group C withDenmark,Sweden andBulgaria. They drew 0–0 with Denmark and 1–1 with Sweden, beating Bulgaria 2–1 in their final group game. This led to an unexpected early exit from the tournament, despite Italy being undefeated. Denmark and Sweden drew in the group's final match, eliminating Italy who finished in third place of Group C, on account of goal difference. More specifically, Sweden, Denmark and Italy all finished with five points, with each team having defeated Bulgaria but drawn their two other games. As all results between the three teams in question were draws, both the points won in these games and the goal difference accrued in these games still left the teams undivided. The decisive tiebreaker was therefore the goals scored during the games between one another: Italy, having scored the fewest goals of the three teams, were therefore eliminated.[57]
Trapattoni later said: "Sweden against Denmark, I remember the game. Do you know whatJohansson [the then UEFA president Lennart Johansson] said? 'If this game finishes in a draw, we will open an investigation' Do you know if he made the investigation? I'm still waiting for the investigation." These comments came eight years later, in 2012.[58]
Trapattoni returned to management in the GermanBundesliga in June 2005, by signing atVfB Stuttgart.[64] However, during his 20 games at the helm, Stuttgart produced poor results. Denmark internationalsJon Dahl Tomasson andJesper Grønkjær openly criticised their coach, claiming he was afraid to attack. Trapattoni immediately responded by dropping both players to the bench. With the atmosphere in the team worsening, he was sacked after just seven months, on 9 February 2006, reportedly for "not fulfilling the ambitions of the club".[65] He was replaced as manager byArmin Veh.[65]
In May 2006,Red Bull Salzburg announced they had signed Trapattoni as their new manager and Director of Football, along with one of his former players,Lothar Matthäus, who was to serve as Trapattoni's co-manager. Trapattoni initially cast doubt on this report, claiming he had not signed any contract. But three days later, both he and Matthäus signed and made their hirings official. As he had done with Benfica in Portugal two years before, Trapattoni managed to deliver instantly, winning the league title after a long period of failures for the club; he secured the2006–07 Austrian Bundesliga, which was Salzburg's first in 10 years.[66] At the end of the season, the club's board of directors unanimously decided to dismiss Matthäus, andThorsten Fink became Trapattoni's assistant manager.[67]
On 11 February 2008, Trapattoni "agreed in principle" to take over theRepublic of Ireland manager's job,[68] but finished the season with Red Bull before taking up the Irish position on 1 May. Former Ireland midfielderLiam Brady was expected to be part of the Italian's backroom staff,[69] whileMarco Tardelli was confirmed as Trapattoni's assistant manager.[70] Trapattoni signed Brady back in 1980 for Juventus fromArsenal for just over £500,000. Red Bull Salzburg confirmed, on 13 February 2008, that at the end of the2007–08 season, Trapattoni would be leaving the club to take over as the Republic of Ireland manager.[71] Manuela Spinelli became Trapattoni's interpreter because of her ability to speak both Italian and English, she became a familiar sight alongside him during most interviews.[72][73][74][75] She also appeared onThe Late Late Show without Trapattoni.[76]
Trapattoni's first game in charge, a friendly againstSerbia on 24 May 2008, ended in a 1–1 draw. His second, another friendly, againstColombia five days later, meant his first victory with the national side, 1–0. This was followed by a 1–1 draw withNorway, his first competitive win againstGeorgia and a draw withMontenegro in2010 FIFA World Cup qualification.
Trapattoni's first defeat came in a friendly againstPoland on 19 November 2008, a 3–2 loss atCroke Park.[77] He also managed to claim a 1–1 away draw against2006 FIFA World Cup champions Italy, that he had managed himself from 2000 to 2004, thanks to a late equaliser fromRobbie Keane. He finished the qualifying campaign unbeaten, becoming only the third Irish manager to do so, qualifying for a playoff place for the 2010 World Cup.
Ireland exited UEFA Euro 2012 at the group stage, after losing to eventual finalists Spain and Italy. Early in2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, Ireland suffered a 6–1 defeat to Germany at home with a severely depleted team available.[89] On 29 May 2013, Trapattoni's Ireland side faced off againstEngland for the first time in eighteen years atWembley Stadium in a match which ended 1–1. Trapattoni parted ways with the Republic of Ireland national team on 11 September 2013 by mutual consent, after a defeat byAustria effectively ended their chances of qualification for the2014 World Cup.[90][91]
Trapattoni has managed theVatican City national football team who are not a member of either FIFA orUEFA.[92] His first match as manager was played on 23 October 2010 when Vatican City faced a team composed of Italian financial police. Previously, at the age of 71, Trapattoni was quoted as saying "When I retire, I would like to become coach of the Vatican."[93]
1981 photograph of Trapattoni's childhood house in Cascina Guarnazzola, Cusano Milanino
Trapattoni was born in acascina a corte inCusano Milanino near Milan, and comes from a working-class background. His father Francesco, a native ofBarbata nearBergamo, worked in a silk factory and as a farmer, and died when Trapattoni was 18;[95][96][97][98] his mother Romilde was ahomemaker. He had one brother and three sisters;[98] one of them, Romilda, became aRoman Catholic nun at 20 and died in January 2013 at the age of 83.[99][100]
Trapattoni met Paola Miceli in the summer of 1960 inGrottaferrata, during theRome Olympics. The two began a relationship and married atSan Nilo Abbey in Grottaferrata on 3 June 1964.[99] They had a son, Alberto, and a daughter, Alessandra, and later became grandparents and great-grandparents.[95][96][101][102] Miceli died on 29 December 2022, following a long illness.[96][99]
A devout Roman Catholic, Trapattoni regularly attends Regina Pacis Church in his hometown of Cusano Milanino whenever he is home[95] and is acooperator ofOpus Dei.[103] He has been on pilgrimage toLourdes andFátima.[96]
In August 2010, Trapattoni was admitted to a hospital in Dublin, one day before Ireland's friendly withArgentina. It was initially believed that the shellfish he had eaten before arriving in the country was to blame for him feeling unwell.[104] He underwent surgery in theMater Misericordiae University Hospital on 11 August,[105] missing the Argentina game.[106] In January 2011, Italian media reported that he was at home recovering from a mild stroke he suffered during a surgery on 28 December 2010, which had caused him partial paralysis. In a statement released through the FAI, Trapattoni confirmed that he did have scheduled surgery in Italy over Christmas, but disproved the rumours about a stroke.[107]
Considered one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time, Trapattoni is highly regarded for his man-management, motivational and organisational abilities, as well as his tactical acumen, being referred to in international media as "the King ofCatenaccio"[109] or the "Old Fox".[110] He is known in particular for his direct management style and use of rigorous, innovative tactics, while his teams are usually known for their mental strength, organisation, and use of prepared set plays; Trapattoni was the main author and practitioner of thezona mista style of play (orgioco all'italiana), which was regarded as an evolution of the more traditional and defensive-mindedcatenaccio system, which had been popularised in Italy by one of his major influences as a manager,Nereo Rocco; Rocco's tactics mainly focussed on sitting back and defending, and subsequently scoring on counter-attacks with few touches after winning back the ball. Thezona mista tactical system came to be known as such as it instead drew elements from bothman-marking strategies – such as Italiancatenaccio – andzonal marking systems – such as the Dutchtotal football; this tactical system dominated Italian football from the mid-1970s until the late 1980s, which saw the emergence ofArrigo Sacchi's high-pressing, offensive minded zonal marking system.[4][5][21][111][112][113][114]
Although Trapattoni was known for his defensive minded approach as a manager, his teams often made use of a ball–playingsweeper orlibero – with good technique, vision, and an ability to read the game – who was responsible both for defending and starting attacking plays from the back, as well as a creative and skilful offensive playmaker in midfield behind the forwards.[115][116][117] As such, his teams were known for their defensive strength and playing style, as well as their ability to score from counter-attacks.[118] In 2014, Trapattoni attributed his success and tactical intelligence as a manager to his time playing in midfield throughout his playing career, which allowed him to understand both the offensive and defensive phases of the game.[119] Throughout his career, he used several different formations, including a 4–4–2, a 4–3–1–2, 4–2–3–1, 3–4–1–2, and a 3–5–2, as well as his fluidzona mista system; the latter system made use of a sweeper, a man-marking centre-back – orstopper –, two full-backs, a defensive midfielder, aregista orattacking midfielder, asecond striker, and twowingers behind a lonestriker orcentre-forward, although players would often switch positions in this system, with only thestopper having a fixed role.[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] During the latter part of his first spell with Juventus, Trapattoni also deployed striker Paolo Rossi out of position on occasion, either as supporting forward, or as centre-forward, but in a role known as acentravanti di manovra in Italian football jargon (similar to the modernfalse 9 role). The position utlised the offensive attributes of the club's new midfield signingsZbigniew Boniek and Michel Platini, with Rossi frequently holding up the ball or creating space for his teammates' runs with his movement of the ball.[129]
Trapattoni was noted throughout his career for his ideological confrontations with more attack-minded managers he faced, most famouslyJohan Cruyff, a rivalry that started in their playing days, with Trapattoni remembering that, in order to stop Cruyff in a match betweenItaly and theNetherlands, he had to resort to "dirty" tactics, such as pulling at his shirt.[112][113][130]
Trapattoni's tactics throughout his long and successful managerial career focused on some of the following themes:[108][131][132][133]
"A coach must train [the players] with simplicity and establish clear rules when building the team. This simplicity can be expressed through the formulation of a strategy with patterns and tactics based on the following principles: never haggle and delay excessively, pass the ball in depth to verticalise as quickly as possible, control the pace of the game, limit risks, mark behind the ball, use on-field tactical communication to help your players, be alert to the [opposing] team's weaknesses and strengths
"The tactics must focus on the pressure to recover the ball and then quickly develop the offensive action"
Ball possession is not important in itself and sometimes it can be counter-productive "like a person who talks too much". It is better "to have 0% of the possession and 100% of the goals".
Strong emphasis on training the team inset pieces and dead-ball situations
Instead of looking for space in the wings, as many managers do, it is more effective to look to exploit spaces behind the opposing team's backline through quick "vertical play" (gioco verticale). By inviting the opponent's pressing, the team can then easily exploit the spaces and gaps behind the opponent's defence
The central area of the pitch, towards which statistically most of the possession is directed, needs to be very well-covered. There, the aim is to cripple the opponent's game and prevail on crucial second balls, thus easily creating "vertical and violent offensive transitions"
Strikers must be trained to become clinical finishers or "killers" in the mould ofPaolo Rossi orFilippo Inzaghi
Tactical discipline is necessary, but the special genius of standout players should also be encouraged and harnessed to the fullest, with Trapattoni citing his use ofMichel Platini andRoberto Baggio as primary examples.
Trapattoni is a popular figure in Italy for his original press conference speeches and trademark quotes, one of the most famous being "don't say cat until you've got it in the bag".[5][134] During his managerial stints abroad, his sense of humour, coupled with his difficulties with the local language, won him a significant amount of popularity with both fans and the press. A press conference which took place on 10 March 1998 while he was in charge of German club Bayern Munich has become known among German fans: in a speech riddled with grammar mistakes and involuntary neologisms, most famously usingIch habe fertig (German uses the verbsein ['to be'] and nothaben ['to have'] to express 'I have finished'/'I am done') andSchwach wie eine Flasche leer ('weak like a bottle empty'),[30][135][136][137] he soundly attacked many of his players, includingMehmet Scholl,Mario Basler andThomas Strunz, whose last name sounds likestronz in Trapattoni's nativeMilanese dialect ofLombard, a swear word equivalent to Italianstronzo ('asshole' or 'piece of shit').[138][139] In a 2011 interview, Trapattoni himself explained his famous outburst thus:
There are certain situations in life when you need to raise your voice, and that press conference was one of those occasions. I deliberately raised my voice to make myself understood. When you have tired players, you substitute them for fresher players. People are used to this now, but back then in Germany, people wanted good players to play all the time because they were famous, even if they were exhausted. And I said No, players need to perform on the pitch whoever they are, and that is what the press conference was all about.[140]
He is also known for the two-fingered whistle he uses to capture the attention of his players during games[141] and for bringing a bottle ofholy water during2002 FIFA World Cup games when he was in charge of the Italy national team.[141][142] He kept the same tradition while in charge of Benfica.[143]
^"Giovanni Trapattoni". Union des Associations Européennes de Football. 31 May 2010. Archived fromthe original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved27 December 2010.
^"Football Philosophers"(PDF).The Technician.46. Union des Associations Européennes de Football: 5. May 2010.
^Hyland, Paul (11 November 2011)."Time Irish cracked the code".Evening Herald. Retrieved11 November 2011.After three years, he still talks about Shay Givens and John Shea yet this time, he made sure he had everyone's name right – even as far as asking his translator, Manuela Spinelli, for assistance in identifying which hack was which.
^Hannigan, Mary (16 November 2011)."The cat is in the sack and drinking the cream".The Irish Times. Retrieved16 November 2011.He's becoming more Irish than the Irish themselves, that fella. He half promised a song if Estonia didn't do a John Treacy, and honestly, what you wouldn't pay to hear him duet with his translator Manuela Spinelli on, say, The Fields of Athenry.
^Mario Sconcerti, "Gli anni Settanta e il ritorno della Juventus" inStoria delle Idee del Calcio, 2014 Baldini & Castoldi s.r.l,ISBN978-88-6865-114-5
^Giovanni Trapattoni with Bruno Longhi,Non dire gatto: La mia vita sempre in campo, tra calci e fischi (Autobiography), 2015 RCS Libri S.p.A.,ISBN978-88-58-68229-6