Ginnunga- is usually interpreted as deriving from a verb meaning "gape" or "yawn", but no such word occurs in Old Norse except in verse 3 of theEddic poem "Vǫluspá", "gap var ginnunga", which may be a play on the term.
In her edition of the poem,Ursula Dronke suggested it was borrowed fromOld High Germanginunga, as the termMúspell is believed to have been borrowed from Old High German.[5] An alternative etymology links theginn- prefix with that found in terms with a sacral meaning, such asginn-heilagr,ginn-regin (both referring to the gods) andginn-runa (referring to the runes), thus interpretingGinnungagap as signifying a "magical (and creative) power-filled space".[1]
Ginnungagap, the Yawning Void ... which faced toward the northern quarter, became filled with heaviness, and masses of ice and rime, and from within, drizzling rain and gusts; but the southern part of the Yawning Void was lighted by those sparks and glowing masses which flew out of Múspellheim[6]
In theVöluspá, a supernaturally long-livedvölva who was raised byjötnar tells the story of howOdin and his two brothers created the world from Ginnungagap.[2]
Scandinavian cartographers from the early 15th century attempted to localize or identify Ginnungagap as a real geographic location from which the creation myth derived. A fragment from a 15th-century (pre-Columbus) Old Norse encyclopedic text entitledGripla (Little Compendium) places Ginnungagap betweenGreenland andVinland:
Now is to be told what lies opposite Greenland, out from the bay, which was before named: Furdustrandir hight a land; there are so strong frosts that it is not habitable, so far as one knows; south from thence is Helluland, which is called Skrellingsland; from thence it is not far to Vinland the Good, which some think goes out from Africa; between Vinland and Greenland is Ginnungagap, which flows from the sea called Mare oceanum, and surrounds the whole earth.[7]
Later, the 17th-century Icelandic bishop Guðbrandur Thorlaksson also used the nameGinnungegap to refer to a narrow body of water, possibly theDavis Strait, separating the southern tip of Greenland fromEstotelandia, pars America extrema, probablyBaffin Island.[9]
In the Netflix seriesRagnarok, Ginnungagap is visited as camping site for a classroom field trip during Season 1, Episode 4; it also happens to be the name of this particular episode. In Season 2, Episode 2, Ginnungagap is visited by the characters Laurits and Vidar, and is depicted as a scenic vantage point overlooking a fjord and two adjoining mountains.
Alastair Reynolds' space opera novelAbsolution Gap features a chasm named Ginnungagap Rift.
Swedish death metal band,Amon Amarth and their 2001 albumThe Crusher features a track titled, "Fall Through Ginnungagap".
Swedish symphonic metal band,Therion, features a track titled "Ginnungagap" on theirSecret of the Runes album from 2001.
EVE Online has a black hole whose accretion disk shows up in the skybox named Ginnungagap.
"Ginungagap" (sic) is the title of a science fiction short story byMichael Swanwick.
Frenchneofolk groupSKÁLD included a song titled "Ginnunga" in their 2018 albumVikings Chant.[18]
Ginnungagap (ギンヌンガガプ,Ginnungagapu) is a weaponized grimoire introduced inFire Emblem Fates, part of a video-game franchise published by Nintendo. It is a high-level item that hits the hardest of all tomes and scrolls in the game.
In PlatinumGames'sBayonetta 3, the main characters travel through the multiverse, and the Ginnungagap is used as a gateway. In the game, it is referred to as "Ginnungagap, the Chaotic Rift".
A variation of Ginnungagap called "The Spark of the World" appears in the 2022 action-adventure video gameGod of War Ragnarök. This location becomes accessible during the main quest while in Muspelheim, appearing as a cosmic tapestry of orange sparks merged with blue-tinged essence, presumably from Niflheim.
^The Poetic Edda, edited with translation introduction and commentary by Ursula Dronke, Volume II: Mythological Poems, Clarendon Press (1997), pp. 112–14, note to "Vǫluspá", line 3/7. Dronke notes thatÞjóðólfr of Hvinir also plays on the term in hisHaustlǫng, with "ginnunga vé".
Dillmann, F. X. (1998). "Ginnungagap" in: Beck, H., Steuer, H. & Timpe, D. (Eds.)Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 12. Berlin: de Gruyter.ISBN3-11-016227-X.
de Vries, Jan (1977).Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill.
