Gillingham's name isOld English in origin and means "the homestead of Gylla's people".[2] The names ofGillingham in Dorset andGillingham in Norfolk have the same etymology,[2] despite the differing pronunciation.[3]
The Municipal Buildings in Canterbury Street were built as council offices for Gillingham Borough Council. They were opened by the LordMayor of London, SirGeorge Broadbridge, on 25 September 1937.[7] The Lord Mayor was received atGillingham Railway Station by aguard of honour of boys ofHMSArethusa. Before the Second World War, air raid sirens were placed on the Municipal Buildings, and the localCivil Defence headquarters were in a single-storey building, to the rear of the car park. In about 1953, beneath part of the car park, Gillingham Borough Control Centre was built underground.
When Gillingham Borough Council later merged withRochester upon Medway to form theunitary Medway Authority in 1998, the buildings were still used as council offices and for meetings for several years afterwards. Later, Medway Council then moved into the formerLloyd's of London headquarters at Chatham Gun Wharf, and the Municipal Buildings were considered surplus to requirements. They were sold off in 2008 under a contract which turned them into a residential care home.[8]
The town grew along the road fromBrompton on the great lines (military barracks), to the railway station. As such it was a linear development. Close by was the road along the shore line, linking The Strand, and the tiny village of Gillingham Green. Later, communities developed along the top road – Watling Street – turnpike linking Chatham with Dover. All these communities merged into the town that is called today Gillingham.
Gillingham experiences anoceanic climate (Köppen climate classificationCfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. Due to its southerly, sheltered, marine position near the European continent the climate is among the warmest in the whole of England.
The name Gillingham is recorded in theDomesday Book of 1086. It is said to have been named after a warlord, Gyllingas—from the old Englishgyllan, meaning "to shout".[citation needed] He was a notable man in Kent history as he led his warriors into battle screaming and shouting. At the time of theNorman Conquest, Gillingham was given to the half-brother ofWilliam I of England,Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, who rebuilt the parish church at Gillingham and constructed an Archbishop's Palace on land bordered by Grange Road, the ruins of which could still be seen in the last century. At the time Gillingham itself was a smallhamlet, built around the parish church and surrounded by large farm-holdings, of which St. Mark's Parish formed part, being part of Brittain Farm.[citation needed]
William Adams mentioned Gillingham in his writings, saying: "... two English miles from Rochester and one mile from Chatham, where the King's ships do lie". Adams was baptised at Gillingham Parish Church on 24 September 1564.[11]
The River Medway estuary at The Strand, Gillingham. The Kingsnorth power stations are on the opposite bank.
The Strand was once owned by the Davenport family in 1635, the Davenport family included a Mayor of Gillingham,[12] pie makers and key holders of Gillingham. The Davenport family had a road named after them in 1920. The Davenport estate was inAshford, Kent. The estate comprised around 15000 acres and was called The Davenport Manor. The Davenports lost the estate in 1889. The Davenport family were among the investors in the Chatham Dockyard. Inmedieval times the part of Gillingham known as Grange was a "limb" (junior member) of theCinque Ports[13] and the maritime importance of the area continued until the late 1940s. Indeed, a large part ofChatham Dockyard lay within Gillingham, and when it was closed in 1984, two-thirds of the then modern-day dockyard lay within the boundaries of Gillingham. The dockyard was founded by QueenElizabeth I on the site of the present gun wharf, the establishment being transferred to the present site about 1622. In 1667 a Dutch fleet sailed up theRiver Medway and, having landed atQueenborough on theIsle of Sheppey and laying siege to the fort atSheerness, invaded Gillingham in what became known as theraid on the Medway. The Dutch eventually retreated, but the incident caused great humiliation to theRoyal Navy.
TheSeven Years' War began in 1756 and the government immediately gave orders for the defence of the dockyard; by 1758 the Chatham Lines of Defence were built. Over a mile long, they stretched across the neck of the dockyardpeninsula, from Chatham Reach, south of the dockyard, across to Gillingham Reach on the opposite side. One of theredoubts on the Lines was atAmherst. The batteries faced away from the dockyard itself to forestall an attack from the landward side; the ships and shore-mounted guns on the river were considered sufficient to protect from that side. The lines of defence are now part of theGreat Lines Heritage Park and also theLower Lines Park (nearMidKent College, Gillingham Campus).
War with France began again in 1778, and once more it was necessary to strengthen the defences. Fort Amherst was the first to be improved; it was followed by work beginning in 1800 to add others atFort Pitt, Chatham, plus Fort Delce andFort Clarence (both inRochester); later in the 19th century others were added, including one atFort Darland in Gillingham. This work, and the expansion of the dockyard, meant that more homes were needed for the workers. The position of the Lines meant that this building could only happen beyond, and so New Brompton came into being. The population rose to 9,000 people by 1851.
Gillingham was still only a small village; eventually it, too, was swallowed up, and the name of the whole settlement changed to Gillingham. In the 1891 census its population was 27,809, and in 1901, it was 42,530.
In 1919, after World War I, a naval war memorial in the shape of a white stone obelisk was set up on the Great Lines in Chatham. This monument, known as theChatham Naval Memorial, commemorates members of the Royal Navy who died during the First and Second World Wars and have no known grave. Unveiled on 26 April 1924 by the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VIII), the memorial originally listed 8,515 names of those lost in World War I. In 1952, an extension was added to commemorate the 10,098 sailors who died in World War II, bringing the total number of names to over 18,500. Designed bySir Robert Lorimer, the memorial features a rostral obelisk intended as a mark for shipping, symbolizing the naval heritage of Chatham. It is one of three such monuments erected by theCommonwealth War Graves Commission, with similar structures inPortsmouth andPlymouth.
In 1924, a war memorial was unveiled at the junction of Mill Road and Brompton Road in Gillingham to commemorate the borough's fallen from World War I. Designed by sculptor F.W. Doyle-Jones, theGillingham War Memorial is a stone obelisk featuring sculptural roundels and inscriptions. Later additions honored those lost in World War II and the Korean War. Originally located at the junction, the memorial was relocated in the early 1970s to its current position outsideMedway Park Sports Centre. It was granted Grade II listed status in 2016 for its architectural and historic significance.
Gillingham has been the scene of two notable disasters: on 11 July 1929 a public demonstration by Gillingham Fire Brigadewent wrong, resulting in 15 fatalities;[14] and in the1951 Gillingham bus disaster, 24 Royal Marine cadets aged 10 to 13 were killed in a road accident.
The main source of employment was atChatham Dockyard, two-thirds of which lay within the boundaries of Gillingham. When it ceased to be anaval base in 1984, there was significant unemployment. AWorld Heritage Site application has been made for the Dockyard and its defences.[15] Since the 1980s, Gillingham has rebuilt its economic base and theGillingham Business Park was set up 3 miles (4.8 km) from the town centre, to attract investments and diversify economic activity.[16] The business park and ice rink were an early commission forGrimshaw Architects.[17]
Gillingham has amarina calledGillingham Marina. Gillingham is an important retail centre serving a substantial part of Medway. The town has a largestreet market in the High Street on Saturdays and Mondays, and is the busiest in the whole of Medway.[18]
TheRoman road now known asWatling Street passes through Gillingham; and until the opening of the Medway Towns bypass (theM2 motorway) in the mid-1960s the same route was followed by the traffic on theA2 toDover. That road had beenturnpiked in 1730, as part of the London–Canterbury coaching route.
In June 1996 theMedway Tunnel opened, giving Gillingham a second link to the M2 andStrood.
TheLondon, Chatham & Dover Railway opened itsline between Chatham andFaversham on 25 January 1858; and a country station was opened here called New Brompton. This was to serve the dockyard labourers' homes that had sprung up during theNapoleonic Wars. A branch line led into the dockyard. The station later becameGillingham railway station.
Services improved significantly when in July 1939,[19] Gillingham became the terminus of theelectrified system of theSouthern Railway.
Priestfield Stadium, Home of the Gills A view of former The Black Lion Leisure Centre (NowMedway Park Sports Centre), April 2009.
The town is home toGillingham F.C., who play atPriestfield Stadium and were first elected to theFootball League in 1920 as members of the newFootball League Third Division (south). They were voted out of the league in 1938, only to be re-elected when the league expanded in 1950. They spent the next 50 years moving between the two lower divisions before finally reaching the second tier (thenDivision One) in the 1999–2000 season after beating Wigan Athletic in the Play-off Final at Wembley. They spent five years at this level before being relegated twice, and in 2013–22 played inLeague One (third tier), into which they were promoted after winning their first championship for fifty years in the 2012–13 season under manager Martin Allen. They were relegated toEFL League Two in 2022.[21]
The area boasts a sub-regional sports centre (theBlack Lion Leisure Centre, now Medway Park) with three indoor pools for swimming and SCUBA diving, gym, sports hall and squash courts also in the same area is Jumpers Rebound Centre for trampolining a world-famous facility for the sport.
There is an outdoors sporting centre located at the Strand which provides sailing and motor boat courses for both adults and children. The Strand Leisure Park has an open-air swimming pool on the banks of the River Medway as well as other leisure attractions including tennis courts and a narrow-gauge railway.
Gillingham Ice Bowl is the home ice rink for Kent's premier Ice Hockey Club, theInvicta Dynamos, who were originally called the Medway Bears. The Ice Bowl was officially opened by QueenElizabeth II in 1984.[22]
These were also held in Medway Park.[25]Andrei Moiseev (of Russia) got Gold for the Men's Final, Serguei Karyakin (also of Russia) got Silver and Dmytro Kirpulyanskyy (ofUkraine) got the Bronze. James Cooke of GB was a close fourth.[26]In the Women's Final,Lena Schoneborn (of Germany) got Gold,Adrienn Tóth (ofHungary) got Silver and Victoria Tereshuk (ofUkraine) claimed Bronze.[26]
Medway Dragons Rugby League Football Club is based inBrompton having been founded in 2007. The Dragons run teams from Under 6 to Masters (over 35) and aWheelchair rugby league Team. The First Grade have a fine history and won the London & The South Championships in 2016 and 2021. They are the current holders of the Harry Jepson Trophy.
Local newspapers for Gillingham include theMedway Messenger, published by theKM Group. The area also has free newspapers in theMedway Extra (KM Group) andyourmedway (KOS Media). In 2011,Medway News andMedway Standard, both published by Kent Regional News and Media, closed down.
The local commercial radio station for Gillingham isKMFM Medway, owned by the KM Group. Medway is also served by community radio stationRadio Sunlight. The area can also receive the county wide stationsBBC Radio Kent,Heart andGold andSmooth, as well as many radio stations inEssex andGreater London.
Brompton Academy (Upbury Manor School), the entrance
The Gillingham Boys Grammar School, which was opened in 1923,[27] later becameThe Howard School in 1975, when it merged with the Rainham Campus secondary school for boys. Other secondary schools includeRainham Mark Grammar School (formerly the Gillingham Technical School),Brompton Academy (formerly New Brompton College and before that Upbury Arts College, Upbury Manor), Rainham Girls School,Chatham Grammar School for Girls and theRobert Napier School. There are also three primary schools in the small residential area called Twydall: Twydall Infant School, Twydall Junior School andSt Thomas of Canterbury R.C. School. In Gillingham itself are St. Mary's, Barnsole Road, Woodlands, Saxonway Primary School, Byron, and Napier Community Primary Schools. In Wigmore, there is the Fairview Infants and Junior Schools and in Hempstead, the Hempstead Infant and Junior Schools.
Within Gillingham there are many churches from different Christian denominations. There are threeChurch of England churches: the historic parish church of St. Mary Magdalene; the evangelical St. Mark's; and St. Augustine's. There are alsoBaptist,Methodist and Roman Catholic churches.
The Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene ("The Church on the Green",[28]) is the oldest building in Gillingham andGrade II* Listed.[29]TheNormans built the church in the early 13th century, then in the 15th century a tower was added. More extensions were added during the 14th century. In 1700, Philip Wightman was commissioned to cast and hang a ring of five bells, to the tower. Then in 1737,Richard Phelps added another bell to complete a ring of six.[30]Edward Hasted refers to it in 1798, 'three isles and three chancels, with a handsome tower steeple at the west end'.[31] In 1811, Thomas Mears added two treble bells to make eight. In 1868, architectSir Arthur Blomfield restored the church and tower and to mark the completion of the restoration, the firm ofHeaton, Butler and Bayne replaced the stained glass in the east window,[30] based on a design byHenry Holiday.[29]
It followed after other Roman Catholic churches in the area, the closest,St Michael's in Chatham (built 1863). Our Lady of Gillingham was built on the town of New Brompton, as Gillingham was then called, to mainly cater for the new workforce – those employed atChatham Dockyard. The church itself was started in 1890, and was completed by 1896, being opened on 12 May 1896.
A local Roman Catholic school was established on the site of the church in 1894. The schoolrooms were used until 1972, when the infant section of the school relocated to nearby Greenfield Road. In 1988, after more building work on the new site, the whole school was reunited on its new site at Greenfield Road. The Church (Our Lady of Gillingham) celebrated its centenary in May 1996, two years after the local school.
St. Mark Church
Gillingham also has the Jāmi’ah mosque and a Hindu Sabha Mandir. Originally established in 1975, theNasir Mosque on Richmond road is the first purpose-built mosque in the town, constructed in 2014.[32]
James Jershom Jezreel, founder of the Jezreelite sect which flourished in the area during the 19th century, began the building ofJezreel's Tower on Chatham Hill. The tower was never completed but stood until its demolition in 1961. There is still a Jezreels Road off Watling Street. The tower was painted by Tristram Hillier in 1937 as part of a series of posters forRoyal Dutch Shell. A copy is held inTate Britain.
Gillingham High Street is a principal shopping and commercial area[33] in Gillingham, a town within the unitary authority ofMedway in Kent, England.[34] Historically, it has functioned as a local centre for trade, retail,[35] and civic activity.[36]
Gillingham High Street developed as the principal commercial street in the town, aided by its proximity to theRiver Medway. In the 14th century, Gillingham was granted acharter permitting a weekly market, and the street subsequently became a site for trade and commerce. The town's location nearChatham Dockyard contributed to its growth during the 16th and 17th centuries, with economic activity influenced bynaval and maritime industries.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the High Street expanded in response to population growth and industrial activity in the surrounding area. A range of retail outlets,public houses, and service businesses operated along the street. The opening ofGillingham railway station in 1858[37] improved connectivity and supported commercial development.
By the mid-20th century, the High Street included several national retailers, including Marks & Spencer,[38] LeFevre's,[39] Littlewoods,[40] and Woolworths[41].These businesses were part of a broader national retail landscape and contributed to the street's role in the town's economy. However, from the 1960s onwards, emerging trends such as the growth of suburban shopping centres began to impact traditional retail streets.
From the 1970s, Gillingham High Street experienced reduced footfall, influenced by the development of out-of-town retail centres such asHempstead Valley Shopping Centre, which opened in 1978. Efforts topedestrianise parts of the street were implemented, but several long-established retailers includingMarks & Spencer and LeFevre's closed during this period. These changes reflected broader shifts in retail andconsumer behaviour.
In the 21st century, Gillingham High Street continued to face challenges,[42] including competition fromonline retailers, changing consumer patterns, and ongoing economic pressures.[43] Many national chain stores closed,[44][45][46] and some premises became vacant.[47][48] While a number of independent businesses have remained, investment in the street has been limited. Concerns over crime[49] andanti-social behaviour have also affected perceptions of the area.[50][51]
Minor improvements have been made to the streetscape and pedestrian infrastructure, though no large-scale regeneration has taken place. The High Street remains subject to wider economic and social trends affecting many similartown centres in the United Kingdom.
Boyce's Bakery sits on the western end on the High Street, next to Britton Farm Mall.
Over the years, several well-known businesses have operated along the High Street, including:
Marks & Spencer: A significant retailer that was once a staple of the area.[52]
Woolworths: A variety store that operated for many years.[53]
Littlewoods: A department store offering a wide range of products, a major presence before its closure.[54]
The Co-op Department Store: A long-standing provider of a range of goods.[55]
Clarks Bakery: A former local bakery which operated in the area.
The Ritzy Nightclub: Known by several names, including The Pavilion,[56] Joanna's, and MooMoo,[57] this nightclub was a fixture of Gillingham's nightlife scene until its closure in 2019 and demolition in 2023.[58]
The Gillingham Conservative Club: Opened on 7 June 1994 and still operating as a social venue for local members.
WHSmith: Opened on 6 July 1989 and closed on 8 January 2022.[59][60]
Superdrug: Opened on 3 October 1994 and closed on 10 June 2022.[61]
J C Rook & Sons: Opened on 28 July 2006 and closed on 25 July 2022 after the company went into administration.[62]
F Hinds Jewellers: Opened on 2 August 1989 and closed on 11 May 2023.
McDonald's: The McDonald's restaurant located on Gillingham High Street closed permanently on 31 July 2018.[63] Prior to its closure, the restaurant had implemented a policy banning individuals under the age of 21 from dining inside after 3 pm, due to incidents of anti-social behaviour in the area. This measure was part of McDonald's efforts to maintain a safe and welcoming environment for all customers and staff.[64] Despite being a popular outlet, McDonald's decided to close the location, with staff being offered relocation to nearby stores.[63] The closure left a significant gap in the High Street, as the store was a popular and heavily frequented location that attracted both local customers and passersby. This has led to concerns about what might replace it and how it impacts the area's foot traffic, particularly with other shops along the High Street benefitting from the business it generated.
Love Gillingham, launched in 2024, is a community regeneration initiative coordinated byMedway Council and supported byNaushabah Khan, the Member of Parliament for Gillingham andRainham, aimed at revitalising the town centre through community engagement,[65]economic development, andpublic space improvements,[66] addressing challenges such as vacant retail units (6.2% vacancy rate compared to a 16% national average), cleanliness, and safety concerns.[67] The Gillingham Taskforce, established by Khan in 2024, includesMedway Council,Kent Police, and Medway Norse, focusing on issues like waste management (91 littering fines issued from July 2024 to January 2025), green spaces, housing, and business investment, with a community clean-up planned for spring 2025.[68] The Gillingham Community Panel, facilitated by Design South-East and BPTW, involved 40 residents and business owners in workshops from November 2024 to February 2025, concluding on 1 February 2025, to inform the Gillingham Town Centre Action Plan, expected for public consultation in 2025.[69] The "Big Day Out" event in September 2024,[68] attended by over 2,500 people,[70] is set to return on 20 July 2025 alongside the Medway Mile on 18 July 2025,[71] featuring performances and stalls. Gillingham Community Hub and Library,[72][73] opened in 1902 and Medway's busiest library, offers council services, printing, scanning, andWi-Fi, with plans for a dedicated initiative-related section.[71] Local businesses like Journey's Made, which received £14,000 from the Shared Prosperity Fund and a green growth grant in 2024, and Unravel and Unwind, a community interest company active in the Community Panel, are supported, alongside efforts to repurpose vacant units. The Truro Manor project, led by Medway Development Company, will deliver 44 affordable rental flats by spring 2025 through Medway's Homechoice system.[74][75] Public safety measures include enforcing a ban on privatee-scooter use in public spaces like Gillingham High Street, with Medway opting out of national e-scooter trials.[71] Additional funding includes £14,000 for the Celebrating St Alban's project and £5,000 for a Gillingham Design Code feasibility study.[71] The initiative engages residents via a newsletter, Medway Council's website, social media, with Khan managing nearly 2,000 constituent cases since 2024 and holding monthly drop-in surgeries.[76]
The Gillingham Open Lines Project is a proposed regeneration scheme developed byMedway Council in collaboration withPeel L&P, submitted in 2022 as part of a bid for nearly £20 million in funding through Round 2 of the UK Government'sLevelling Up Fund.[77] The project proposes the creation of a 1.4-kilometre pedestrian and cycle route, referred to as "The Greenway"[78] along the disused Gillingham to Chatham Dockyard Railway Link[79] in Gillingham,Kent.[80]
The greenway is intended to improve connections between Gillingham Waterfront and Gillingham town centre, linking key sites such as Chatham Waters, theUniversity Technical College (UTC), and local university campuses.[78] In addition to the main route, the wider proposals include improvements to Railway Street, enhancements to Gillingham High Street, including landscaping, new cycle infrastructure, and upgraded public spaces,[81] and the development of a green skills hub focused on training in engineering, construction, and manufacturing.[82]
As part of the project's development, a public consultation was held between 30 May and 10 June 2022, involving five public engagement events and a workshop at Burnt Oak Primary School. The consultation received 192 responses, with 84% of respondents stating they would be more likely to walk or cycle using traffic-free routes, and 90% indicating they would use the proposed greenway. In response to concerns raised during consultation, including safety and accessibility, the proposals were updated to includeCCTV coverage, improved lighting, and child-friendly infrastructure, such as play areas and safer routes to schools.[83]
According to Medway Council, the aims of the project include improving local connectivity, supporting economic growth, enhancing air quality, and promoting sustainable travel across the area. As of mid 2025, the outcome of the funding application had not yet been announced.
^Hasted, Edward (1798)."Parishes".The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent.4. Institute of Historical Research:226–249.Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved18 April 2018.