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Gil-galad

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Fictional character

Gil-galad
Tolkien character
In-universe information
Aliases	Ereinion, Artanáro/Rodnor, Finellach, Finwain High King of theNoldor
Race	Elves
Book(s)	The Lord of the Rings (1954) The Silmarillion (1977)

Gil-galad is a fictional character inJ. R. R. Tolkien'sMiddle-earth legendarium, the last high king of theNoldor, one of the maindivisions of Elves. He is mentioned inThe Lord of the Rings, where the hobbitSam Gamgee recites a fragment of a poem about him, andThe Silmarillion. In the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, Gil-galad andElendil laid siege to the Dark LordSauron's fortress ofBarad-dûr, and fought him hand-to-hand for theOne Ring. Gil-galad and Elendil were both killed, but Sauron was wounded. This allowed Elendil's sonIsildur to cut the Ring from Sauron's hand, defeating Sauron, and to take the Ring for himself.

Gil-galad briefly appears at the opening ofPeter Jackson'sThe Lord of the Rings film trilogy, in severalvideo games based on Middle-earth, and as a secondary character in the TV seriesThe Rings of Power.

Appearances

Prose

Gil-galad was anElf of a royal house ofBeleriand; beyond that, accounts of his birth vary. According toThe Silmarillion, he was born into the house ofFinwë as a son of Fingon sometime in theFirst Age, and as a child, he was sent away during the Siege ofAngband for safekeeping withCirdan the shipwright in theFalas.^{[T 1]} Alternatively, according to Tolkien's last word on the subject, he was a son of Orodreth, who became a son of Angrod, son ofFinarfin. Christopher Tolkien rejected these changes forThe Silmarillion, a decision he later regretted.^{[T 2]}

He became the High King of theNoldor-in-Exile in Beleriand after thefall of Gondolin and the death of the previous High King, Turgon.^{[T 3]} After theWar of Wrath and the end of the First Age, Gil-galad founded a realm in the coastal region ofLindon along the shores ofBelegaer, the Great Sea. At its height, his realm extended eastward as far as theMisty Mountains.^{[T 4]} King Tar-Aldarion ofNúmenor presented Gil-galad with the gift of some seeds of theMallorn tree; he in turn gave some toGaladriel, who grew them in the guarded land ofLothlórien.^{[T 5]} Gil-galad did not take a wife and had no children. He was the first of the Eldar to mistrust a stranger who called himself Annatar, and forbade him from entering Lindon. His mistrust was well founded, for Annatar was in factSauron.^{[T 4]} About the year 1600 of the Second Age, Sauron secretly forged theOne Ring.Celebrimbor, the creator of theThree Rings, gave two of them, Narya and Vilya, to Gil-galad for safe-keeping once he knew Sauron's intention to take them. Gil-galad passed Narya toCirdan the shipwright, who stated that this was only to keep it secret; Cirdan never used it. Gil-galad chose to give Vilya, and control ofEriador, to Elrond.^[1]^{[T 6]} War broke out between the Elves and Sauron; Gil-galad asked theNúmenóreans for help, and their king Tar-Minastir brought a great force, enabling Gil-galad to defeat Sauron's army.^{[T 6]}

After theDownfall of Númenor there was peace in Middle-earth. At the end of the Second Age, Sauron reappeared with a newly formed army and made war against the kingdom ofGondor, near his old home ofMordor. Gil-galad formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the High King ofMen,Elendil. The armies of Elves and Men entered Mordor and laid siege to Sauron's fortress ofBarad-dûr. At the end of the siege, Sauron finally came forth and fought hand-to-hand against Gil-galad and Elendil on the slopes ofMount Doom, losing the One Ring but killing them both.^{[T 7]} A record left byIsildur inMinas Tirith implies that Sauron himself killed Gil-galad with the heat of his bare hands. Recalling the encounter at theCouncil of Elrond atRivendell before the Fellowship took the One Ring south, Elrond said that only he and Círdan stood by Gil-galad in that fight.^{[T 8]}

Poetry

Further information:Poetry in The Lord of the Rings

InThe Fellowship of the Ring, on the way toWeathertop,Aragorn mentions Gil-galad, prompting the hobbitSam Gamgee to recite a fragment, three stanzas, of "Gil-galad was an Elven-king":^[2]

Gil-galad was an Elven-king.
Of him the harpers sadly sing:
The last whose realm was fair and free
Between the mountains and the sea.

His sword was long, his lance was keen.
His shining helm afar was seen.
The countless stars of heaven's field
Were mirrored in his silver shield.

But long ago he rode away,
And where he dwelleth none can say.
For into darkness fell his star;
InMordor, where the shadows are.^{[T 9]}

Sam's companions are impressed, and ask for more; Sam admits that is all that he learnt from Bilbo. Aragorn says the fragment is a translation from "an ancient tongue" and suggests that the hobbits may hear the rest inRivendell.^{[T 9]} The Tolkien scholarTom Shippey comments that the longer poem does not exist, and that Sam's fragment seems to have been composed while Tolkien was writing the chapter. He notes that it has the form of aballad, each stanza being aquatrain ineulogy mode with end-rhymes in therhyming pattern AABB/CCDD.^[2]

Artefacts

Aeglos, the spear

Further information:List of Middle-earth weapons and armour

Gil-galad'sspear was namedAeglos or Aiglos,^[3] meaning "snow-point" or "snow-thorn" or more commonly "icicle"^{[T 10]} (aeg: sharp, pointed;los: snow) because whenorcs saw his spear, they would recognize it by its reputation to bring a cold death to them. Elrond said that at the battle of Dagorlad, "we had the mastery: for the Spear of Gil-galad and the Sword of Elendil, Aiglos andNarsil, none could withstand."^{[T 8]}^{[T 11]}^{[T 12]} The connection of Elf and spear could relate to the English surnameElgar, which may representOld Englishaelf-gar, "elf-spear".^[4]

Heraldic devices

Gil-galad's heraldic device with stars on a blue field^[5]^[6]

Further information:Heraldry of Middle-earth

Tolkien created two sketches ofheraldic devices for Gil-galad. They were drawn on an envelope posted to him in 1960, along with a device containing a star orSilmaril forEärendil. The Tolkien scholarsWayne G. Hammond andChristina Scull note that matching the description in the poem, "The countless stars of heaven's field / Were mirrored in his silver shield", the lozenge-shaped devices both contain stars, with an elongated star in each corner.^[5] Margaret Purdy, inMythlore, writes that Gil-galad's shield, like all elvish heraldry personal not inherited, seems to incorporate his stars, though the field is blue not silver.^[6]

Family tree

Further information:Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees

House of Finwë family tree^{[T 13]}^{[T 14]}^{[T 15]}^{[T 16]}

Míriel
"broideress"

Finwë
of the Noldor

Indis
of theVanyar

Fëanor,
maker ofSilmarils

Findis §

Lalwen §

Finarfin

Maedhros

Five sons

Curufin

Fingon

Turgon

Aredhel

Argon §

Angrod

Aegnor

Celebrimbor,
maker ofRings

Maeglin

Orodreth ¶

Finduilas

Elros

Celebrían

Elladan

Elrohir

Eldarion

Colour key:
Colour	Description
	Elves
	Men
	Maiar
	Half-Elven
	Half-Elven who chose the fate of Elves
	Half-Elven who chose the fate of mortal Men

Kings of the Noldor inValinor

High Kings of the Noldor in exile inMiddle-earth

§ These figures do not appear in the published Silmarillion. The family tree as presented follows Tolkien's late noteThe Shibboleth of Fëanor.

¶ In the published Silmarillion, Orodreth is Finarfin's second son (and still Finduilas' father), and Gil-galad is Fingon's son.

Concept and creation

Gil-galad means "star of bright light" inSindarin.^[7]His names in Tolkien's invented languages ofQuenya and Sindarin were Artanáro and Rodnor, respectively. His Sindarin birth name, Ereinion, means "scion of kings".^{[T 17]}

Tolkien considered several different parentages for Gil-galad in different draft texts, including making him the son of Orodreth.^{[T 2]} In the second version ofThe Fall of Númenor, he is called a descendant ofFëanor, who made theSilmarils.^{[T 18]} Then Tolkien treated him as a son ofFinrod Felagund.^{[T 19]}Christopher Tolkien, editing the published version ofThe Silmarillion, made Gil-galad the son of Fingon, a decision he later regretted, saying he should have left the parentage obscure.^{[T 2]}

Renee Vink, of the Dutch Tolkien Society, suggests that the only good reason for making him son of Fingon is the correspondence of the colours, blue and silver, of Gil-galad's heraldic device andFingolfin's banner. She notes that the publication ofThe Silmarillion, based on a limited "grasp of the material", created a "virtually unshakeable" tradition for this parentage. She argues that Orodreth has a better claim to paternity, for several reasons: the crown of the Noldor in exile (in Middle-earth) then comes to a descendant of Finarfin, king of the Noldor in Aman; a descendant of Finarfin would fight Sauron to avenge Finarfin's sonFinrod; and as brother to Finduilas, he (alone of the Noldor's Kings) would fight with a spear, the weapon that killed his sister.^[8]

The scholar of literature Lawrence Krikorian, inMallorn, writes thatElrond's account of his personal observation of being Gil-galad's herald in theSecond Age, thousands of years earlier, helps to make the narrative function as history rather thanallegory. This, he writes, lends animpression of depth.^[9]

Adaptations

Film, TV, and radio

Gil-galad (played byMark Ferguson, centre right) and his heraldElrond (Hugo Weaving, left), as envisaged inPeter Jackson's 2001 filmThe Fellowship of the Ring^[10]

In the 1981BBC Radio 4 dramatisation ofThe Lord of the Rings, theLay of Gil-galad was set to music byStephen Oliver.^[11]

In theLord of the Ringsfilm trilogy byPeter Jackson, Gil-galad is portrayed byMark Ferguson. He appears very briefly inThe Fellowship of the Ring during the opening prologue sequence.^[10] Gil-galad is mentioned in the behind-the-scenes documentaries included with the Special Extended EditionDVD ofThe Fellowship of the Ring and is listed in the credits. In an interview with Ferguson andCraig Parker (Haldir), Ferguson stated that it had been planned for his death to be depicted onscreen as in the book, but it was considered too violent.^[12]

In theAmazon Prime VideoThe Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power TV series, which focuses on events in theSecond Age,^[13] Gil-Galad is played byBenjamin Walker.^[14]^[15]

Games

Gil-galad has been included in multiple video games since Jackson's films were first shown. The 2004 video gameThe Lord of the Rings: The Third Age featured Mark Ferguson as Gil-galad.^[16] Others are the 2007The Lord of the Rings Online; the 2011The Lord of the Rings: War in the North;^[17] and the 2012Lego The Lord of the Rings which has Gil-galad nearMount Doom.^[18]

References

Primary

^Tolkien 1977 Chapter 18, "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
^^a ^b ^cTolkien 1996 "The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The parentage of Gil-galad"
^Tolkien 1977 Chapter 23, "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"
^^a ^bTolkien 1977 "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
^Tolkien 1980, Part II, Chapter 1 "A Description of Númenor"
^^a ^bTolkien 1980 "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn"
^Tolkien 1955 Appendix B, "The Second Age"
^^a ^bTolkien 1954a Book II, Chapter 2: "The Council of Elrond"
^^a ^bTolkien 1954a Book I, Chapter 11 "A Knife in the Dark"
^Tolkien 1977 p. 313
^Tolkien 1977 p. 294
^Tolkien 1980 pp. 148, 417
^Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Tree I: "The house of Finwë and the Noldorin descent of Elrond and Elros"
^Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Tree II: "The descendants of Olwë and Elwë"
^Tolkien 1955, Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers, I The Númenórean Kings
^Tolkien 1996, "The Shibboleth of Fëanor"
^Tolkien 1996 "The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The names of Finwë's descendants"
^Tolkien 1987 Part One: II. The Fall of Númenor, (iii) "The second version of The Fall of Númenor"
^Tolkien 1994 Part Two: "The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"

Secondary

^Fisher, Jason (2008). "Three Rings for—Whom Exactly? And Why?: Justifying the Disposition of the Three Elven Rings".Tolkien Studies.5 (1):99–108.doi:10.1353/tks.0.0015.S2CID 171012566.
^^a ^bShippey, Tom (2013) [2006]. "Poems by Tolkien:The Lord of the Rings". InMichael D. C. Drout (ed.).The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia. Abingdon:Routledge. pp. 245–246.ISBN 978-1-1358-8033-0.
^Burdge, Anthony; Burke, Jessica (2013) [2007]. "Weapons, Named". InDrout, Michael (ed.).J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment.Routledge. pp. 703–705.ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1.
^Christopher, Joe R.;Hammond, Wayne G.; Hargis, Pat Allen (eds.)."An Inklings Bibliography (35)".Mythlore.15 (4). article 9, page 66.
^^a ^bHammond & Scull 1995, pp. 193–194.
^^a ^bPurdy, Margaret R. (1982)."Symbols of Immortality: A Comparison of European and Elvish Heraldry".Mythlore.9 (1). Article 5.
^Hammond & Scull 2005, p. 86.
^Vink, Renee (2013) [2003, rewritten 2009]."The Parentage of Gil-galad".Lembas (Extra). Unquendor.
^Krikorian, Lawrence (2018)."Realism in fantasy: The Lord of the Rings as 'history . . . feigned'".Mallorn (59):14–17.
^^a ^b"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring".Yahoo! Movies. Archived fromthe original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved9 May 2019.
^Sibley, Brian."The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's 'The Lord of the Rings'". Brian Sibley.Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved24 February 2020.
^The Fellowship of the Ring Special Extended Edition (DVD).New Line Cinema. 2001. EDV9171.
^"Analysis: what can we deduce from the Amazon synopsis about the plot of the new Middle-earth series?".TheOneRing.net. 17 January 2021. Retrieved16 February 2022.
^Williams, Caleb (30 January 2022)."Benjamin Walker Will Play High-Elven King Gil-Galad in Amazon's 'Lord of the Rings' TV Series".Knight Edge Media. Retrieved15 February 2022.
^Clark, Campbell (1 February 2022)."Gil-Galad Casting For The Rings Of Power Revealed".LRM online. Retrieved15 February 2022.
^The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age.Electronic Arts. November 2004.
^Snowblind Studios.The Lord of the Rings: The War in the North.WB Games. Level/area: Rivendell, Part 1.
^"Guide personnages de LEGO Le Seigneur des Anneaux : Gil-Galad".Daily Motion (in French). 8 December 2012. Retrieved16 February 2022.

Sources

Hammond, Wayne G.;Scull, Christina (1995).J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator. Illustrated byJ. R. R. Tolkien. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 0-395-74816-X.
Hammond, Wayne G.;Scull, Christina (2005).The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion.Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 978-0-00-720907-1.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954a).The Fellowship of the Ring.The Lord of the Rings. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.OCLC 9552942.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955).The Return of the King.The Lord of the Rings. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.OCLC 519647821.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977).Christopher Tolkien (ed.).The Silmarillion. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 978-0-395-25730-2.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1980).Christopher Tolkien (ed.).Unfinished Tales. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 978-0-395-29917-3.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1987).Christopher Tolkien (ed.).The Lost Road and Other Writings. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 0-395-45519-7.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994).Christopher Tolkien (ed.).The War of the Jewels. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 0-395-71041-3.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1996).Christopher Tolkien (ed.).The Peoples of Middle-earth. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.ISBN 978-0-395-82760-4.

v
t
e

Works

In Tolkien's lifetime	The Hobbit (1937) The Lord of the Rings (1954–55) The Fellowship of the Ring "The Shadow of the Past" "The Council of Elrond" The Two Towers The Return of the King "The Scouring of the Shire" "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (1962)
Posthumous	The Silmarillion (1977) "Ainulindalë" Unfinished Tales (1980) The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981) Bilbo's Last Song (1990) The three "Great Tales" The Children of Húrin (2007) Beren and Lúthien (2017) The Fall of Gondolin (2018) The Fall of Númenor (2022)

History of
composition

History of Middle-earth	[1–2]The Book of Lost Tales (1983–84) Ælfwine [3]The Lays of Beleriand (1985) [4]The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986) [5]The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987) The Etymologies Lhammas [6–9]The History of The Lord of the Rings (1988–1992) The Notion Club Papers [10]Morgoth's Ring (1993) [11]The War of the Jewels (1994) [12]The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)
Others	John D. Rateliff The History of The Hobbit (2007) Carl F. Hostetter The Nature of Middle-earth (2021)

Fictional
universe

Peoples, monsters	Ainur Maiar Balrogs Wizards Valar Dragons Ancalagon Smaug Dwarves Eagles Elves Half-elven Noldor Sundering Ents Hobbits Men Beornings Drúedain Dúnedain Orcs Trolls
Characters	First and Second Ages Celebrimbor Eärendil and Elwing Elendil Fëanor Fingolfin Finwë and Míriel Gil-galad Húrin Isildur Lúthien and Beren Melian Morgoth Thingol Tuor and Idril Túrin Turambar Ungoliant Third Age Elrond Galadriel Gandalf Glorfindel Goldberry Gollum Saruman Sauron Tom Bombadil
Places	First and Second Ages Beleriand Númenor Valinor Third Age Bree Esgaroth Gondor Harad Isengard Lonely Mountain Lothlórien Mirkwood Mordor Moria Rivendell Rohan The Shire Bag End
Objects	Mithril Palantír Red Book of Westmarch Rings of Power One Ring Silmarils Two Trees of Valinor List of weapons and armour

Analysis

Elements	Artwork Family trees Heraldry Languages Adûnaic Black Speech Elvish Quenya Sindarin Khuzdul Valarin Westron Maps Tolkien's poetry Scripts Cirth Sarati Tengwar
Themes	Anachronism Ancestry as guide to character Architecture Christianity Cosmology Round World dilemma Death and immortality Decline and fall Dreams and visions Economy England Environmentalism Evil First World War Forests Frame stories Hell Heroism Light Luck and fate Magic Mental illness Modernism Moral dilemma Music Naming of weapons Northern courage Old Straight Road Paganism Plants Psychological journeys Quests Sound and language Time Trees
Literary	Tolkien's impact on fantasy Influences Beowulf Celtic Classical world Finnish language and literature Medieval Modern William Morris Norse Philology Shakespeare Prose style Ambiguity A mythology for England
Geographic	Geology The Atlas of Middle-earth Journeys of Frodo A Map of Middle-earth

Adaptations,
legacy

Illustrators	Pauline Baynes Cor Blok Anke Eißmann Brothers Hildebrandt Jenny Dolfen Mary Fairburn Donato Giancola John Howe Tove Jansson Alexander Korotich Alan Lee Tom Loback Margrethe II of Denmark Ted Nasmith
Composers	Bo Hansson Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings Johan de Meij Symphony No. 1The Lord of the Rings Howard Shore Music ofThe Lord of the Rings film series Music ofThe Hobbit film series Music ofThe Rings of Power TV series Bear McCreary Music ofThe Rings of Power TV series Stephen Gallagher Music of The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim Blind Guardian Nightfall in Middle-Earth
Settings	Donald Swann The Road Goes Ever On Poems and Songs of Middle Earth The Tolkien Ensemble An Evening in Rivendell A Night in Rivendell At Dawn in Rivendell Leaving Rivendell
Other media	Impact Middle-earth Enterprises Works inspired by Tolkien Fan fiction Film Calendars Video games Things named after Tolkien and his works

Literary
criticism

v t e Elves
Norse mythology andGermanic folklore	Types of elves Alp Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar Huldufólk Svartálfar Notable elves Elegast Erlking Queen of Elphame Völundr Figures associated with Alberich Freyr Helgi Högni Skuld Locations Álfheimr Niðavellir Svartálfaheimr Phenomena Álfablót Álfröðull Elf-arrow Elf-locks Elfshot Half-elf
Tolkien's Middle-earth	Sundering of the Elves Noldor Celebrimbor Fëanor Finwë and Míriel Glorfindel Half-elves Arwen Eärendil and Elwing Elrond Fingolfin Galadriel Gil-galad Idril Legolas Lúthien Thingol Thranduil
Other modern	Elves in fiction Christmas elf Icelandic Elf School Machine elf
See also	Dwarf Fairy Rå Hulder Witte Wieven Dames blanches Weiße Frauen

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