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Mṣeddar raṣd ə-Dīl "rani bi-l-afrah" sung by Lazaar BEN DALI YAHIA.
Gharnati (Arabic:الغرناطي), is anAlgerian variety ofAndalusian classical music originating inTlemcen. Its name is derived from the Arabic name of the city ofGranada. Gharnati has also become an established tradition in other cities in western Algeria, such asOran andSidi-Bel-Abbès. In the 20th century it also spread toMorocco after being brought over by Algerian families who moved there fleeing French colonial rule in Algeria, and eventually founding conservatories in cities likeOujda andRabat.[1][2][3]
In Tlemcen, a nuba is a musical composition consisting of an ordered suite of vocal and instrumental pieces built around five movements whose rhythm progresses from very slow to very light and which are divided into two theoretical parts, the first comprising the first three movements(mṣeddar, bṭāyḥī and derǧ) and the second, the last two(inṣirāf and meẖles).
Mšālyā: an unmeasured instrumental prelude that introduces and develops the main mode and neighboring modes used in its development. It also introduces the audience into its mood and plays the role of a rhythmic introduction to the tūšiyya.
Tūšiyya: instrumental ouverture composed of several patterns (each repeated once) in which follow a series of rhythmic signatures recalling the five movements that form the nuba.
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān): ( = 110)
Mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb "instrumental" (4 4)
Mîzān əl-inqilāb (2 8)
Mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb "instrumental" (8 8)
Mîzān əl-inṣirāf / əl-meẖles (6 8)
Mšālyā:(see above)
Kūrsi al-mṣeddar: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the first movement.
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb "instrumental" (8 8)
Kūrsi al-mṣedrayn: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that separates two mṣeddar-s.
Mṣeddar (first movement): vocal and instrumental piece (one or more).
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Singing: mîzān əl-qṣîd qūl (16 8)
Instrumental answer: mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb (4 8)
Kūrsi al-bṭāyḥī: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the second movement.
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb "instrumental" (4 4)
Bṭāyḥī (second movement): vocal and instrumental piece (one or more).
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Singing: mîzān əl-bašraf qūl (4 8)
Instrumental answer: mîzān əl-bašraf ǧwāb (4 4)
Kūrsi əl -derǧ: a melodic and rhythmic pattern that introduces the third movement.
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-derǧ (6 4)
Derǧ (third movement): vocal and instrumental piece (one or more).
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-derǧ (6 4)
Istiḥbār: Unmeasured vocal improvisation where the musician displays his inspiration and his virtuosity.
Tūšiyyet əl-inṣirāfāt: instrumental interlude introducing the fourth movement (inṣirāf). In its absence, the kūrsi əl-inṣirāf takes its place.
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-inṣirāf (6 8)
Inṣirāf (fourth movement): vocal and instrumental piece (one or more).
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-inṣirāf (6 8)
Meẖles (fifth movement): vocal and instrumental piece (one or more).
Rhythmic cycle (mîzān):
Mîzān əl-meẖles (6 8)
Tūšiyyet əl -kamāl: Instrumental piece ending the nuba. It may also serve to introduce another nuba.
It is a suite composed of vocal and instrumental pieces (Muwashshah andzajal) in which different modes and rhythmic cycles follow one another (mîzān əl-qṣîd ǧwāb (8/4), mīzān ə-sofyān (7/4), mîzān əl-bašrāf ǧwāb (4/4) and bašrāf qūl (8/4), mîzān əl-Gūbbāḥī (4/4) and mîzān əl-inṣirāf (6/8)).[4]
Slisla refers to a kind of nubat əl-inqilābāt in which pieces (inqilābāt) evolve in the same rhythmic cycle (mīzān), such asslislet mîzān əl-qṣîd,slislet mīzān ə-ṣofyān,slislet mīzān əl-bašraf orslislet mīzān əl-inṣirāf. Each slisla begins with a mšālyā and a tūšiyya, and ends with a meẖles.[6]
It is a small vocal piece[5] composed in amîzān əl-inṣirāf (6 8) often used to close a classical nuba.[4]Qadriyya-s are found in seven modes[4] including mawwāl, zīdān, ğārkā, raml əl-Māya, ‘Irāq and sīkā.
^abGhoul, Yahia (1993)Étude des rythmes du patrimoine musical andalou de l'école de Tlemcen [Study of the rhythms of the Andalusian musical heritage of the school of Tlemcen], the fifteenth national festival of the andalusian music, Tlemcen, Algeria.
= 110)
