Ghanada
Ghanada character
Art by Ajit Gupta
First appearance	Mosha (The Mosquito) (1945)
Last appearance	Mau-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh bonam Ghanada (1987)
Created by	Premendra Mitra
In-universe information
Full name	Ghanashyam Das
Nicknames	Ghana Ghanta Dos Das
Occupation	Storytelling Adventurer
Relatives	Bachanram Das (16th gen.) Ghanaram Das (22nd gen.)
Religion	Hindu
Nationality	Indian
Age	35 - 55
Residence	"Mess-bari" at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane,Behala,Calcutta,West Bengal,India
Friends	Shibu Shishir Gaur Sudhir Bipin Bapi Datta Ramsharan Babu Shibapada Babu Harisadhan Babu Bhabataran Babu

Ghanashyam Das aliasGhanada (Bengali:ঘনাদা), theprotagonist of theGhanada series ofscience fiction novels written inBengali, is a fictionalcharacter created byPremendra Mitra in 1945. In the novels, the character fights evil and stands against international terrorism. The far-fetched stories take place in multiple international locations, and across a historical timeline.^[1] He is depicted regularly outwitting his fellow boarders of the mess-bari at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane,Kolkata (Calcutta).^[2] Ghanada was a personification of Premendra Mitra'santi-fascist humanistic ideologies and moral universe. His stories were notably accurate from a historical, geographical and scientific standpoint.^[3][4][5][6]

Ghanada's first appearance was in a story titledMosha (The Mosquito), published in the Puja annualAlpana (Bengali:আলপনা) in 1945 published byDeb Sahitya Kutir, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.^[7]

Ghanada was engaged by a company inSakhalin to collect amber sometime during 1939, and in due course, he landed up to a scientific laboratory set by Mr Nishimara, an entomologist, in search of a Chinese labourer who went missing. It was later revealed that Mr. Nishamara was genetically converting the mosquitos into deadly agents of biological warfare. When the lone, genetically engineered mosquito landed on the face of Mr. Nishimara and sealed his fate by stinging him, Ghanada slapped Nishmara to kill the mosquito and eliminated a severe threat towards humanity. He declared he never intended to kill another mosquito ever after in his lifetime.

At the end of the story Ghanada took a deep breath as if he was so tired from killing that mosquito and said, "I never felt like killing a mosquito after that incident."^[8]

The character of Ghanashyam Das alias Ghanada was outlined as a bachelor, dark-complexioned male with a tall, boney and skeletal structure, aged "anywhere between thirty-five to fifty-five", as described by the author himself in Mosha- the first story of the Ghanada series. He stayed in the third-floor attic of a shared apartment called "Mess-bari" (Bengali:মেস-বাড়ি) at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane, Calcutta, West Bengal, India, along with other boarders, who called him Ghanada, while Ghana is the shortened form of his name Ghanasyam, and the term "da" is a suffix added to the name of an elder male in Bengal to convey reverence and affection. Though he was rarely found engaged in any activity or work other than telling fantastic tales to the boarders of the apartment, sitting in his armchair and cadging cigarettes from his fellow boarders, his tall tales engaged him with most of the major events that had happened in the world for last two hundred years and there was no place on earth which he didn't visit.^[9]

গত দুশো বছর ধরে পৃথিবীর হেন জায়গা নেই যেখানে তিনি যাননি, হেন ঘটনা ঘটেনি যার সঙ্গে তাঁর কোনও যোগ নেই^[10]

Premendra Mitra, the creator, described Ghanada in an interview by A K Ganguly published in SPAN in 1974, as below:

Ghana~da is a teller of tall tales, but the tales always have a scientific basis. I try to keep them as factually correct and as authentic as possible.^[11]

All the stories were told in a north Calcutta quintessential boarding house (Mess Bari in Bengali) located at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane. It was a time, after the second world war, when single working men flocked together renting boarding houses all across the city, calledMess Bari, which had been part and parcel of nineteenth and twentieth century Calcutta's checkered past. The ground floor was designated for dining and the kitchen, the first floor housed all rooms for the boarders, and a common room. The second floor consisted of the roof terrace and a single small cabin, which in Bengali is known asChile Kotha. Ghanada stayed in the second floor attic.

After forty years of publication of the first Ghanada story, the author revealed when and how Ghanada appeared for the first time in the storyGhanada Elen (Ghanada Came) in 1985 upon the requested by the fans of Ghanada.

"It was the early days of thismess-bari many years ago, when the four friends just occupied this house and were trying to settle down, a strange person, whose age could be anywhere between thirty-five to fifty-five, with a thin and lanky structure like an axe having a deep baritone voice and carrying a small canvas bag, approached them for help.

He needed accommodation to get a confirmed postal address because seven years ago while he was working as an expert in guns, he promised Bob Kenneth, a licensed hunter in Uganda, that if his help was ever needed Bob should put an advertisement in theTimes (London) magazine with a symbol ofJerboa.

After keeping a keen eye for the last seven years, at last he saw the most awaited advertisement in the Times at the Imperial Library of Calcutta, while spending a few days in the city. He sent a letter to Bob asking for details in reply to the advertisement letting him know about this house in particular at 72 Banamali Naskar Lane as his address for receiving communication. Now he should wait here only for a few days till the reply comes from Bob.

He himself had chosen a dilapidated rooftop attic room on the second floor and assured that he could manage with the broken bed which he already cleaned up, just for a few days.

The young four friends eagerly agreed to extend all the help to this distressed man, only in lieu of the magical opportunity of listening from him the exceptionally impressive, surprising, and awe-inspiring story involving Jerboa (having no idea what it was), and implored upon him to stay as long as the reply reaches him. The strange man settled in the attic with his canvas bag. The canvas bag had long gone but the reply from Bob Kenneth never reached in all these years. The man in distress, Ghanada, the fantastic teller of incredible tall tales, settled in the mess-bari rent-free for years to come."^[10]

The stories are broadly classified into two varieties:

Science-based stories

The science-based stories were generally told in the common room of 72, Banamali Naskar Lane in front of the charmed boarders who consisted of four permanent young men - Shibu, Shishir, Gaur, and Sudhir, with some other members who appeared occasionally.

The character of Ghanada is believed to be based on Sri Bimal Ghosh, an acquaintance of Premendra Mitra whom he used to call "TenDa". He was a co-boarder during Mitra's stay in a boarding house house at Gobinda Ghoshal Lane of Bhabanipur in his early years. The other four main characters were also believed to be based on real persons.^[9]

• Shibu wasShibram Chakraborty, the writer
• Shishir was Sisir Mitra, producer and actor in Bengali movies, co-founder of Basumitra Chitra Pratisthan
• Gaur was Gauranga Prasad Basu, co-founder of Basumitra Chitra Pratisthan
• Sudhir was the author of the stories of Ghanada in the first person, and it was the nickname ofPremendra Mitra himself.
• Bipin appeared only inMosha (The Mosquito).
• Bapi Datta appeared inHnas andSuto, and so on.

There were two very important and essential characters without whom the Ghanada stories would have been incomplete. They were Banoary, the cook, and Rambhuj, the attendant. Some other staff of the mess-bari were also mentioned in various stories from time to time, such as Uddab, the water provider, and Lachhmania, the cleaner.

History based stories

The history-based stories were told in a completely different environment and the audience was also different. Almost every evening five persons, or at least four out of them, used to gather at a seating arrangement around a tree in Rabindra Sarobar by the side of a lake and discuss various matters ranging from health, imperialism, market rate to Vedanta, philosophy, etc. These five men were -

• Ramsharan Babu, whose belly was as big as a round pot (Bengali:রামশরণবাবু, যার উদর কুম্ভের মত স্ফীত)
• Shibapada Babu, whose head was as smooth as a marble (Bengali:শিবপদবাবু, যার মস্তক মর্মরের মত মসৃণ)
• Harisadhan Babu, whose hair was as white as Saccharum spontaneum (Bengali:হরিসাধনবাবু, যার শিরশোভা কাশের মত শুভ্র)
• Bhabataran Babu, who was as obese as an elephant (Bengali:ভবতারনবাবু, মেদভারে যিনি হস্তির মত বিপুল)
• and Ghanashyam Babu (Ghanada), who was as slender and disproportionate as a camel. (Bengali:ঘনশ্যামবাবু, যিনি উষ্ট্রের মত শীর্ণ ও সামঞ্জস্যহীন)

• 1956 -Ghanadar Galpo by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
• 1959 -Adwityo Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
• 1963 -Abar Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
• 1964 -Ghanadake Vote Din by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
• 1966 -Ghanada Nityonotun by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Co. Private Ltd.
• 1968 -Agra Jakhon Talomawl by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1969 -Shurjo Knadley Sona by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Gronthoprokash.
• 1970 -Ghanadar Juri Nei by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Prakashan Bibhag.
• 1971 -Jnar Naam Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1973 -Mongolgrohey Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Pustakalay.
• 1975 -Ghanashyam-da (Hindi:घनश्याम-दा) by Premendra Mitra, Radhakrishna Prakashan.
• 1976 -Duniyar Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Deys Publishing.
• 1976 -Aphuronto Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Saksharata Prakashan / Pashchimbanga Niraksharata Doorikaran Samiti.
• 1976 -Ghanashyam-da ke aur kisse (Hindi:घनश्याम-दा के और किससे) by Premendra Mitra, Radhakrishna Prakashan.
• 1978 -Ghanadar Phnu by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1979 -Tel Deben Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1981 -Ghanada Bichitra by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Indian Associated Publishing Company.
• 1982 -The Adventures of Ghanada,translated by Lila Majumdar, New Delhi: National Book Trust, India.
• 1983 -Ghanadar Hij Bij Bij by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Pakshiraj Prakashani.
• 1985 -Ghanada O Mou-Ka-Sha-Bi-Sh by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Shoibya Prakashan Bibhag.
• 1987 -Mandhatar Tope O Ghanada by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1988 -Ghanadar Chingri Brittanto by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited.
• 1989 -Ghanada O Dui Doshor Mamababu O Parashar by Premendra Mitra, Kolkata: Muktapatra Publications.
• 2004 -Mosquito and Other Stories,translated by Amlan Das Gupta, Kolkata: Penguin, India.

• Ghanada Samagra 1
• Ghanada Samagra 2
• Ghanada Samagra 3

Ghanada traveled all over the world covering all the continents many times over. There is aGoogle Travelogue - "Ghanada's World Tour" (Map) showing all the places where Ghanada had traveled along with the routes of such travels, the references of the stories and other relevant information.^{[citation needed]}

During the 1980s Ghanada Club was founded with the participation ofPremendra Mitra,Leela Majumdar and others. The club became defunct after a few years. Later, in August 2019, a club with the same name was formed commemorating Ghanada, which has undertaken the archival works pertaining to Ghana Da stories by Mitra involving translation, compilation, audio stories, publication etc.^[12][13][14]

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