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Getaria | |
|---|---|
 Getaria view from the sea | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Getaria Location of Getaria within the Basque Country Show map of the Basque Country Getaria Location of Getaria within Spain Show map of Spain | |
| Coordinates:43°18′16″N2°12′13″W / 43.30444°N 2.20361°W /43.30444; -2.20361 | |
| Country |  Spain |
| Autonomous community |  Basque Country |
| Province | Gipuzkoa |
| Comarca | Urola Kosta |
| Established | 2011 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Nika Lertxundi (Bildu) |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.6 km2 (4.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 2,906 |
| • Density | 274/km2 (710/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 20808 |
| Area code | 34 (Spain) + 943 (Gipuzkoa) |
Getaria is a town on theUrola coast, in the province ofGipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of theBasque Country, in northernSpain. It bordersZarautz to the east andZumaia to the west.
Getaria is well-known for being the hometown ofJuan Sebastián Elcano: a sailor famous for being the first to circumnavigate the world. He was the captain of theNao Victoria, the only ship inMagellan's ill-fated fleet to complete the voyage.
Today, Getaria is also famous for its restaurants that serve grilled fish and white wine with a Denomination of Origin somewhere in the Getariako Txakolina near the town. The town is also home to theCristobal Balenciaga Museum.
In May 2012, a two-man team from Getaria wonGoogle's 'Model Your Town' competition by creating a complete 3D representation of their home town.
Traditionally, the name of the city was written as Guetaria. Since 1980, however, the official toponym has been Getaria, which is an adaptation of the modern Basque orthography. Thus, in Spanish it is written Guetaria, and in Basque, although pronounced the same way, it is written Getaria.
Apart from Getaria in Gipuzkoa, there is another town 61 kilometres up the coast in Lapurdi (Labourd), in theFrench Basque Country, which is calledGuéthary in French, but the Basque pronunciation and spelling of the two towns is the same. Both towns are located on the Basque coast, and throughout history many have sought the origin of the towns' names. The most convincing hypothesis, based on archaeological evidence, is that the name of Getaria comes from the Latin word "cetaria". In classical Latin, pronounced [ketaria], it means "a place where fish is preserved". Indeed, evidence of Roman fish canneries has been found in both places.
Another possible origin of the name is "guaita" in theGascon language which means "lookout". During theMiddle Ages, various villages on the Basque coast were colonized by Gascons, and among these villages both Getarias could be found.[citation needed] Therefore, it was believed that Getari could be the result of a mix between "guaita" and "–ari": a suffix that is used in theBasque language for professions and means vigilante. For others, though, the name of Getaria results from the mix of "guaita" and "–erri", meaning town, creating a word that means the town of the vigilant.
The municipality of Getaria occupies part of the central coast ofGipuzkoa, in theCantabrian Sea. This stretch of coast is made up of a steep cliff where erosion has created a series of coves and points.
The historic quarter of Getaria is located between the mainland and Mount San Antón, known as the Mouse of Getaria because of its mouse-like shape. This mountain, which characterises the town, was an island until the 16th century.
In the interior of the municipality is Mount Garate (278 m). It runs parallel to the coast and on its smooth slopes are several farms belonging to the municipality of Getaria. These farms, calledbaserri, are typical of theBasque Country. Almost all the land between Garate and the coast is covered with vineyards, due to the microclimate that this area generates.
The beginnings of a village in what is now Getaria could have been found in Roman times, as evidenced by the discovery of an "ace" from the earlier pre-imperial period, 2 BC.
The village of Getaria was founded between 1180 and 1194 by King Sancho VI of Navarre, making it one of the oldest towns in the province, along withSan Sebastián. In the second half of the 12th century, the expansion and domination of the Cantabrian ports was a priority for the Kings of Navarre. After the conquest of Gipuzkoa around the year 1200, KingAlfonso VIII of Castile confirmed his Fuero "eo modo quo rex Navarra illud dedit vobis habendum" in San Sebastián on 1 September 1209. In 1571, the historianEsteban de Garibay confirmed the Navarrese origin of the village in his book Compendio Historial, stating that in 1209 Alfonso VIII granted Getaria the Fuero of San Sebastián, thus confirming its jurisdiction within Navarre. Finally, the "Diccionario Geográfico-Histórico de España (1845-1850)" states that the town archives contain a letter from King Alfonso VIII of Burgos dated 20 January 1201. In this letter it is stated that the inhabitants of Getaria had the right to pasture, water, meadows and forests. It is therefore clear that Getaria was founded by the Kings of Navarre.
Throughout its history, Getaria has enjoyed various privileges that attest to its status as a town. Here are some of them:
As far as the maritime activities of the city were concerned, they were the main source of income for the city in the Middle Ages. In the fifteenth century, the gap that existed between the island of San Antón and the historic centre was closed. The port is located to the south of the island and was traditionally used as a whaling port. In fact, in 1878 the last whale was caught in nearby waters by fishermen from Zarautz and Getaria, who managed to bring it to the port. Today it is an important port on the Basque coast.
During the Thirty Years' War, in the summer of 1638,Cardinal Richelieu planned a campaign to annex the strategic territory ofGipuzkoa. To achieve this, he wanted to occupyHondarribia with 20,000 soldiers. He also needed a port to accommodate a fleet of 50 ships that would destroy any plan to relieve Hondarribia. The port of Getaria was therefore chosen for this strategic plan. On 24 July 1638, the Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Lope de Hoces was attacked from Getaria. Only one Spanish galleon survived the attack. However, when the troops of Geoffrey II (Archbishop of Bordeaux) tried to take the town, they were destroyed by the defenders of Getaria andZarautz and reinforcements from neighbouring towns. Finally, the village was destroyed by the artillery of the French galleons, but not a single French soldier came close to its walls. Soon after, on 7 September, the siege of Hondarribia would fail.
During thePeninsular War, in 1811, Getaria was occupied by French troops, who left in 1813 after causing considerable damage.
During theCarlist Wars, in 1835, the village was once again practically destroyed. After being besieged by the Carlists, it was finally taken in 1836 and set on fire from several points,[citation needed] leaving only 16 houses badly damaged. The parish church, in particular, suffered the effects of the attack and required extensive repairs.
Getaria's main sources of income are fishing, tourism and the cultivation ofTxakoli.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the people of this village worked more in agriculture than in fishing, and they produced the besttxakoli inGipuzkoa. Nowadays, txakoli is still produced, but in smaller quantities. Fishing has therefore become the main source of income. Nowadays, however, fishing is in decline.
Cider is also produced in the Askizu, Akerregi and Meagas districts.
| Political party | 2011[2] | 2007[3] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes % | Councillors | Votes % | Councillors | |
| Bildu | 46,67% | 5 | - | - |
| Partido Nacionalista Vasco (EAJ-PNV) | 40,46% | 5 | 62,31% | 8 |
| Aralar | 9,57% | 1 | 23,04% | 2 |
| Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) | - | - | 7,93% | 1 |
| International | |
|---|---|
| Geographic | |
