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German submarineU-596

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Coordinates:37°59′N23°34′E / 37.983°N 23.567°E /37.983; 23.567

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German World War II submarine

History

Nazi Germany
Name	U-596
Ordered	16 January 1940
Builder	Blohm & Voss,Hamburg
Yard number	572
Laid down	4 January 1941
Launched	17 September 1941
Commissioned	13 November 1941
Fate	Scuttled on 30 September 1944 in theMediterranean
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIC submarine
Displacement	769tonnes (757long tons) surfaced 871 t (857 long tons) submerged
Length	67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)o/a 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height	9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.7knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range	8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 1 x2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 AA gun
Service record^[1]
Part of:	8th U-boat Flotilla 13 November 1941 – 30 June 1942 3rd U-boat Flotilla 1 July – 18 November 1942 29th U-boat Flotilla 19 November 1942 – 24 September 1944
Identification codes:	M 42 884
Commanders:	Kptlt.Gunter Jahn 13 November 1941 – 27 July 1943 Oblt.z.S. Victor-Wilhelm Nonn 28 July 1943 – July 1944 Oblt.z.S. Hans Kolbus July 1944 – 8 September 1944
Operations:	12 patrols: 1st patrol: 8 August – 3 October 1942 2nd patrol: 4 – 15 November 1942 3rd patrol: 27 January – 16 February 1943 4th patrol: 28 February – 12 March 1943 5th patrol: a. 23 March – 15 April 1943 b. 26 – 30 April 1943 6th patrol: 17 – 26 June 1943 7th patrol: 10 August – 10 September 1943 8th patrol: 28 September – 10 October 1943 9th patrol: 30 November – 28 December 1943 10th patrol: 12 February – 11 March 1944 11th patrol: 9 – 29 April 1944 12th patrol: 29 July – 1 September 1944
Victories:	12 merchant ships sunk (41,411 GRT) 1 warship sunk (246 tons) 2 merchant ships damaged (14,180 GRT)

German submarineU-596 was aType VIIC U-boat built forNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine for service duringWorld War II.She waslaid down on 4 January 1941 byBlohm & Voss inHamburg as yard number 572,launched on 17 September 1941 andcommissioned on 13 November underKapitänleutnantGunter Jahn. He was replaced on 28 July 1943 byOberleutnant zur See Victor-Whilhelm Nonn who was superseded byOblt.z.S. Hans Kolbus in July 1944.

The boat's service began on 13 November 1941 with training as part of the8th U-boat Flotilla. She was transferred to the3rd flotilla on 1 July 1942 and moved on to the29th flotilla on 19 November.

Design

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German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-596 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.^[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoBrown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).^[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-596 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[2]

Service history

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In twelve patrols, she sank twelve ships, including one warship for a total of 41,411 GRT.

Her initial sortie fromKiel was cut short by a battery explosion on 28 June 1942. She was obliged to put intoBergen in Norway.

First patrol

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Her first patrol saw her depart Bergen on 8 August 1942, cross theNorth Sea and move through thegap betweenIceland and theFaroe Islands into the Atlantic. There she sank theSuecia with a torpedo on 16 August, having first checked the ships' papers. She also sank theEmpire Hartebeeste on 20 September, but was attacked byHNoMS Potentilla andHMS Viscount on 24 August. No damage was sustained.U-596 lost a man overboard on 30 August in mid-Atlantic. The boat then docked atSt. Nazaire in occupied France on 3 October.

Second patrol

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Her next foray from St. Nazaire took the U-boat as part of group 'Delphin' toLa Spezia in northern Italy. Her route involved passing the heavily defendedStrait of Gibraltar, which she successfully accomplished in the darkness during the period of the new moon from 8–10 November 1942.^[3]

Third and fourth patrols

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U-596's third patrol took her past theBalearic Islands to the Algerian coast nearOran. It was unsuccessful.

Her fourth foray yielded some reward. BetweenAlgiers and Oran, she damagedFort Norman andEmpire Standard, both on 9 March 1943.

Fifth and sixth patrols

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Her fifth outing, in the same area as her third and fourth patrols, was rewarded with the sinking of theFort a la Corne west of Algiers on 30 March 1943.

Her home port was moved from La Spezia toPola in Croatia; she sailed from there on her sixth patrol, but it was uneventful.

Seventh and eighth patrols

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Patrol number seven was marked by the sinking of several Egyptian, a Palestinian and British-registered sailing ships off theLebanon coast with herdeck gun in August and September 1943.

During her eighth patrol, she sankMarit off the Libyan coast on 4 October, but was attacked by the British corvetteHMS Gloxina. Although slightly damaged, the U-boat escaped.

Ninth, tenth and eleventh patrols

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U-596 departed Pola on 30 November but it was not until many days later that she sank the Troop TransportCap Padaran offCape Spartivento in Italy on 9 December. She returned to Pola on 28 December 1943.

Another unsuccessful patrol passed between 12 February and 11 March 1944.

The boat barely left theAdriatic for patrol number eleven.

Twelfth patrol

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What turned out to be the last complete patrol by a U-boat in theMediterranean^[4] began withU-596's departure from Pola on 29 July 1944. Her route was to theGulf of Sirte on the Libyan coast. Her arrival atSalamis in Greece was followed by theUSAAF (United States Army Air Forces) bombing the port on 29 September (USAAF records say the 25th). The boat was sufficiently damaged that the crew was forced to abandon her and join the general retreat throughAthens.^[5]

Fate

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The submarine was scuttled on 30 September 1944 inSkaramanga Bay, near Salamis in position37°59′N23°34′E / 37.983°N 23.567°E /37.983; 23.567. One person died; the number of survivors is unknown.

Summary of raiding history

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Date	Ship Name	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}	Fate^[6]
16 August 1942	Suecia	Sweden	4,966	Sunk
20 September 1942	Empire Hartebeeste	United Kingdom	5,676	Sunk
7 February 1943	HMSLCI (L) 162	Royal Navy	246	Sunk
9 March 1943	Empire Standard	United Kingdom	7,047	Damaged
30 March 1943	Fort Norman	United Kingdom	7,133	Damaged
30 March 1943	Fort a la Corne	United Kingdom	7,133	Sunk
30 March 1943	Hallanger	Norway	9,551	Sunk
20 August 1943	El Sayeda	Egypt	68	Sunk
21 August 1943	Lily	British Mandate for Palestine	132	Sunk
21 August 1943	Namaz	United Kingdom	50	Sunk
21 August 1943	Panikos	United Kingdom	21	Sunk
30 August 1943	Nagwa	Egypt	183	Sunk
7 September 1943	Hamidieh	Egypt	80	Sunk
4 October 1943	Marit	Norway	5,542	Sunk
9 December 1943	Cap Padaran	United Kingdom	8,009	Sunk

References

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Notes

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^Merchant ship tonnages are ingross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tonsdisplacement.

Citations

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^Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-596".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved13 September 2014.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
^Paterson, Lawrence -U-Boats in the Mediterranean 1941-1944, 2007, Chatham Publishing,ISBN 9781861762900, p. 92.
^Paterson, p. 175
^Paterson, p. 178
^Helgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-596".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved4 February 2014.

Bibliography

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Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).German Warships 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

External links

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Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-596".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved29 December 2014.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1944
Shipwrecks	1 Sep:HMS Hurst Castle,Kehdingen,U-247 2 Sep:Empire Curzon,U-394 5 Sep:U-362 7 Sep:Shinyō Maru, (incident),Westfalen 8 Sep:Rex 9 Sep:Sava,U-484 10 Sep:U-20,U-23 11 Sep:Giulio Cesare,U-19 12 Sep:Korei Maru,Nankai Maru,USS Noa,Rakuto Maru,Rakuyō Maru,Shikinami 13 Sep:USS Perry,USS Warrington 14 Sep:Irene Oldendorff 16 Sep:I-364 17 Sep:Un'yō 18 Sep:Dr. Heinrich Wiegand,Gyōkū Maru,Jun'yō Maru 19 Sep:Isoshima,U-407,U-867 21 Sep:China Maru,Hōfuku Maru,Katsuriki,Noshiro Maru,Satsuki 22 Sep:Drache 23 Sep:Taranto,U-859 24 Sep:Akitsushima,Siberia Maru,T-120,Yaeyama 25 Sep:USS Miantonomah 26 Sep:Aotaka,Ro-47,Saga,U-871 27 Sep:HMSRockingham,Ural Maru 28 Sep:Dragoner 29 Sep:U-863 30 Sep:U-565,U-596,U-1062 Unknown date:U-703,U-855,U-865,U-921
Other incidents	8–9 Sep:Yu 3001 12 Sep:USS Fullam 13 Sep:USS Segundo 14 Sep:USS Natchez,USSTemptress 15 Sep:Tirpitz 19 Sep:Jingei,U-565 24 Sep:U-565,U-596 26 Sep:Don Marquis Unknown date:Schwabenland
194319441945 August 1944October 1944

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