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German submarineU-51 (1938)

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German World War II submarine

For other ships with the same name, seeGerman submarine U-51.

History
U-52, a typical Type VIIB boat
Nazi Germany
Name	U-51
Ordered	21 November 1936
Builder	Germaniawerft AG,Kiel
Cost	4,439,000Reichsmark
Yard number	586
Laid down	26 February 1937
Launched	11 June 1938
Commissioned	6 August 1938
Fate	Sunk, 20 August 1940
General characteristics
Class & type	Type VIIB U-boat
Displacement	753 t (741long tons) surfaced 857 t (843 long tons) submerged
Length	66.50 m (218 ft 2 in)o/a 48.80 m (160 ft 1 in)pressure hull
Beam	6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Draught	4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power	2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion	2 shafts 2 ×diesel engines 2 ×electric motors
Speed	17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) surfaced 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged
Range	8,700 nmi (16,112 km; 10,012 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)surfaced 90 nmi (170 km; 100 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph)
Test depth	230 m (750 ft) Calculated crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement	4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Sensors & processing systems	Gruppenhorchgerät
Armament	5 × 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four bow, one stern) 14 ×torpedoesor 26 TMAmines 1 ×8.8 cm (3.46 in) deck gun (220 rounds) 1 ×2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun
Service record
Part of:	7th U-boat Flotilla 6 August 1938 – 20 August 1940
Identification codes:	M 05 671
Commanders:	Kptlt. Ernst-Günther Heinicke 6 August 1938 – August 1939 Kptlt. Dietrich Knorr 15 January – 20 August 1940
Operations:	4 patrols: 1st patrol: 17 January – 8 February 1940 2nd patrol: 11 March – 22 April 1940 3rd patrol: 6 June – 5 July 1940 4th patrol: 9 – 20 August 1940
Victories:	5 merchant ships sunk (26,296 GRT) 1 auxiliary warship sunk (4,724 GRT)

German submarineU-51 was aType VIIB U-boat ofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarine that operated duringWorld War II.^[1] She was ordered on 21 November 1936 andlaid down on 26 February 1937 inKiel. She waslaunched on 11 June 1938 andcommissioned on 6 August 1938.^[1]

During her service in theKriegsmarine,U-51 conducted four war patrols and sank five enemy vessels for a loss of 26,296 gross register tons (GRT) and one auxiliary warship of 4,724 GRT. She was a member of onewolfpack.

She was sunk on 20 August 1940 in theBay of Biscay by atorpedo from a British submarine.

Design

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German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorterType VIIA submarines.U-51 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged.^[2] She had a total length of 66.50 m (218 ft 2 in), apressure hull length of 48.80 m (160 ft 1 in), abeam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in), and adraught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoMAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylindersupercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoBBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).^[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).^[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170 km; 100 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100 km; 10,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-51 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes, one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one2 cm (0.79 in)anti-aircraft gun The boat had acomplement of between forty-four and sixty.^[2]

Service history

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U-51 was ordered by theKriegsmarine on 21 November 1936 (as part ofPlan Z and in violation of theTreaty of Versailles). She waslaid down on 15 September 1938 byFriedrich Krupp Germaniawerft AG, in Kiel as yard number 586.U-51 waslaunched on 11 June 1938 andcommissioned on 6 August of that same year under the command ofKapitänleutnant (Kptlt.)Ernst-Günther Heinicke.^[1]

After being commissioned and deployed,U-51 was stationed in the German port of Kiel. This city was to be her home for the rest of her brief career.

During her service with theKriegsmarine, she took part in four combat patrols. She joined the7th U-boat Flotilla on 6 August 1938. She was to remain a part of this flotilla until her loss.

First patrol

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The first ofU-51's four patrols began on 17 January 1940 when she left Kiel and crossed theNorth Sea. She negotiated the 'gap' between theOrkney andShetland Islands and claimed her first success 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) west ofRockall when she sank theGothia on 22 January. Moving south down the west coast of Ireland, she encountered theEika west of theScilly Isles on the 29th and sent her to the bottom. After sailing between the Scottish islands once more, but in the opposite direction, the boat docked atWilhelmshaven on 8 February after 23 days at sea.^[1]

Second patrol

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The main incident of note on the submarine's second sortie was when the French submarineOrphée launched two torpedoes at her in the North Sea at57°N005°E / 57°N 5°E /57; 5 on 21 April 1940. They missed.^[3] The rest of the patrol was carried out parallel to the Norwegian coast.

Third patrol

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For her third foray, the boat entered the Atlantic after passing between theFaroe and Shetland Islands. Having left Kiel on 6 June 1940, she sank theSaranc on the 26th about 270 nautical miles (500 km; 310 mi) west southwest ofLands End.U-51 went on to sink theQ-ship HMS Edgehill on the 29th. This ship, used as a decoy, was formidably armed with nine 4-inch guns and four torpedo tubes. Her ballast was given extra buoyancy which meant three 'eels' (U-boat slang for torpedoes), were needed to dispose of the vessel, which still took over an hour to sink.

Fourth patrol

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The boat departed Kiel on 9 August 1940. She sank theSylviafield about 190 nautical miles (350 km; 220 mi) west northwest of Rockall. There were 36 survivors, of which 20 were picked up by the Belgian trawlerRubens and landed atFleetwood on the English west coast. The remainder were recovered by another trawler which was under British Admiralty control and namedHMS Newland. Her human cargo was discharged atTobermory, Isle of Mull.

Fate

[edit]

U-51 was sunk by a torpedo from the British submarineHMS Cachalot in theBay of Biscay on 28 August 1940. Forty-three men died; there were no survivors.

Wolfpacks

[edit]

U-51 took part in onewolfpack, namely:

Prien (12 – 17 June 1940)

Summary of raiding history

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During her service,U-51 sank five merchant ships for a loss of 26,296 GRT and one auxiliary warship of 4,724 GRT.

Date^[4]	Ship^[4]	Nationality^[4]	Tonnage^{[Note 1]}^[4]	Fate^[4]
22 January 1940	Gothia	Sweden	1,640	Sunk
29 January 1940	Eika	Norway	1,503	Sunk
25 June 1940	Saranac	United Kingdom	12,049	Sunk
25 June 1940	Windsorwood	United Kingdom	5,395	Sunk
29 June 1940	HMSEdgehill	Royal Navy	4,724	Sunk
15 August 1940	Sylviafield	United Kingdom	5,709	Sunk

In fiction

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The fourth U-boat in the filmThe Navy Comes Through has the numberU-51.

References

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Notes

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^Merchant ship tonnages are ingross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tonsdisplacement.

Citations

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^^a ^b ^c ^dHelgason, Guðmundur."Patrol info for U-51 (First patrol)".U-boat patrols - uboat.net. Retrieved5 November 2012.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGröner 1991, pp. 43–44.
^Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Orphée (in French) Accessed 20 October 2022
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eHelgason, Guðmundur."Ships hit by U-51".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved5 November 2012.

Bibliography

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Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

External links

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Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIB boat U-51".German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved31 January 2015.
Hofmann, Markus."U 51".Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved1 February 2015.

v t e Type VII submarines
Type VIIA	U-27 U-28 U-29 U-30 U-31 U-32 U-33 U-34 U-35 U-36
Type VIIB	U-45 U-46 U-47 U-48 U-49 U-50 U-51 U-52 U-53 U-54 U-55 U-73 U-74 U-75 U-76 U-83 U-84 U-85 U-86 U-87 U-99 U-100 U-101 U-102
Type VIIC	U-69 U-70 U-71 U-72 U-77 U-78 U-79 U-80 U-81 U-82 U-88 U-89 U-90 U-91 U-92 U-93 U-94 U-95 U-96 U-97 U-98 U-132 U-133 U-134 U-135 U-136 U-201 U-202 U-203 U-204 U-205 U-206 U-207 U-208 U-209 U-210 U-211 U-212 U-221 U-222 U-223 U-224 U-225 U-226 U-227 U-228 U-229 U-230 U-231 U-232 U-235 U-236 U-237 U-238 U-239 U-240 U-241 U-242 U-243 U-244 U-245 U-246 U-247 U-248 U-249 U-250 U-251 U-252 U-253 U-254 U-255 U-256 U-257 U-258 U-259 U-260 U-261 U-262 U-263 U-264 U-265 U-266 U-267 U-268 U-269 U-270 U-271 U-272 U-273 U-274 U-275 U-276 U-277 U-278 U-279 U-280 U-281 U-282 U-283 U-284 U-285 U-286 U-287 U-288 U-289 U-290 U-291 U-301 U-302 U-303 U-304 U-305 U-306 U-307 U-308 U-309 U-310 U-311 U-312 U-313 U-314 U-315 U-316 U-331 U-332 U-333 U-334 U-335 U-336 U-337 U-338 U-339 U-340 U-341 U-342 U-343 U-344 U-345 U-346 U-347 U-348 U-349 U-350 U-351 U-352 U-353 U-354 U-355 U-356 U-357 U-358 U-359 U-360 U-361 U-362 U-363 U-364 U-365 U-366 U-367 U-368 U-369 U-370 U-371 U-372 U-373 U-374 U-375 U-376 U-377 U-378 U-379 U-380 U-381 U-382 U-383 U-384 U-385 U-386 U-387 U-388 U-389 U-390 U-391 U-392 U-393 U-394 U-396 U-397 U-398 U-399 U-400 U-401 U-402 U-403 U-404 U-405 U-406 U-407 U-408 U-409 U-410 U-411 U-412 U-413 U-414 U-415 U-416 U-417 U-418 U-419 U-420 U-421 U-422 U-423 U-424 U-425 U-426 U-427 U-428 U-429 U-430 U-431 U-432 U-433 U-434 U-435 U-436 U-437 U-438 U-439 U-440 U-441 U-442 U-443 U-444 U-445 U-446 U-447 U-448 U-449 U-450 U-451 U-452 U-453 U-454 U-455 U-456 U-457 U-458 U-465 U-466 U-467 U-468 U-469 U-470 U-471 U-472 U-473 U-475 U-476 U-477 U-478 U-479 U-480 U-481 U-482 U-483 U-484 U-485 U-486 U-551 U-552 U-553 U-554 U-555 U-556 U-557 U-558 U-559 U-560 U-561 U-562 U-563 U-564 U-565 U-566 U-567 U-568 U-569 U-570 U-571 U-572 U-573 U-574 U-575 U-576 U-577 U-578 U-579 U-580 U-581 U-582 U-583 U-584 U-585 U-586 U-587 U-588 U-589 U-590 U-591 U-592 U-593 U-594 U-595 U-596 U-597 U-598 U-599 U-600 U-601 U-602 U-603 U-604 U-605 U-606 U-607 U-608 U-609 U-610 U-611 U-612 U-613 U-614 U-615 U-616 U-617 U-618 U-619 U-620 U-621 U-622 U-623 U-624 U-625 U-626 U-627 U-628 U-629 U-630 U-631 U-632 U-633 U-634 U-635 U-636 U-637 U-638 U-639 U-640 U-641 U-642 U-643 U-644 U-645 U-646 U-647 U-648 U-649 U-650 U-651 U-652 U-653 U-654 U-655 U-656 U-657 U-658 U-659 U-660 U-661 U-662 U-663 U-664 U-665 U-666 U-667 U-668 U-669 U-670 U-671 U-672 U-673 U-674 U-675 U-676 U-677 U-678 U-679 U-680 U-681 U-682 U-683 U-701 U-702 U-703 U-704 U-705 U-706 U-707 U-708 U-709 U-710 U-711 U-712 U-713 U-714 U-715 U-716 U-717 U-718 U-719 U-720 U-721 U-722 U-731 U-732 U-733 U-734 U-735 U-736 U-737 U-738 U-739 U-740 U-741 U-742 U-743 U-744 U-745 U-746 U-747 U-748 U-749 U-750 U-751 U-752 U-753 U-754 U-755 U-756 U-757 U-758 U-759 U-760 U-761 U-762 U-763 U-764 U-765 U-766 U-767 U-768 U-771 U-772 U-773 U-774 U-775 U-776 U-777 U-778 U-779 U-821 U-822 U-825 U-826 U-901 U-903 U-904 U-905 U-907 U-921 U-922 U-923 U-924 U-925 U-926 U-927 U-928 U-951 U-952 U-953 U-954 U-955 U-956 U-957 U-958 U-959 U-960 U-961 U-962 U-963 U-964 U-965 U-966 U-967 U-968 U-969 U-970 U-971 U-972 U-973 U-974 U-975 U-976 U-977 U-978 U-979 U-980 U-981 U-982 U-983 U-984 U-985 U-986 U-987 U-988 U-989 U-990 U-991 U-992 U-993 U-994 U-1051 U-1052 U-1053 U-1054 U-1055 U-1056 U-1057 U-1058 U-1101 U-1102 U-1131 U-1132 U-1161 U-1162 U-1191 U-1192 U-1193 U-1194 U-1195 U-1196 U-1197 U-1198 U-1199 U-1200 U-1201 U-1202 U-1203 U-1204 U-1205 U-1206 U-1207 U-1208 U-1209 U-1210
Type VIIC/41	U-292 U-293 U-294 U-295 U-296 U-297 U-298 U-299 U-300 U-317 U-318 U-319 U-320 U-321 U-322 U-323 U-324 U-325 U-326 U-327 U-328 U-691 U-827 U-828 U-929 U-930 U-995 U-997 U-998 U-999 U-1000 U-1001 U-1002 U-1003 U-1004 U-1005 U-1006 U-1007 U-1008 U-1009 U-1010 U-1011 U-1013 U-1014 U-1015 U-1016 U-1017 U-1018 U-1019 U-1020 U-1021 U-1022 U-1023 U-1024 U-1025 U-1063 U-1064 U-1065 U-1103 U-1104 U-1105 U-1106 U-1107 U-1108 U-1109 U-1110 U-1163 U-1164 U-1165 U-1166 U-1167 U-1168 U-1169 U-1170 U-1171 U-1172 U-1271 U-1272 U-1273 U-1274 U-1275 U-1276 U-1277 U-1278 U-1279 U-1301 U-1302 U-1303 U-1304 U-1305 U-1306 U-1307 U-1308
Type VIID	U-213 U-214 U-215 U-216 U-217 U-218
Type VIIF	U-1059 U-1060 U-1061 U-1062
Preceded by:Type II Followed by:Type IX List of U-boats of Germany

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1940
Shipwrecks	1 Aug:HMS Oswald,HMS Spearfish 3 Aug:U-25 7 Aug:Mohamed Ali El-Kebir 8 Aug:Ajax,Empire Crusader,Ouse 10 Aug: HMSTransylvania 15 Aug:Elli 19 Aug: HMSCorfu 20 Aug:Branksea,U-51 21 Aug:Anglo Saxon 22 Aug:Iride 23 Aug:HMS Hostile 24 Aug:USS Peacock,HMS Penzance 25 Aug:Stakesby 28 Aug:HMS Dunvegan Castle 29 Aug:I-67 30 Aug:Mill Hill 31 Aug:HMS Esk,Har Zion Unknown date:J. W. Clise
Other incidents	11 Aug:Ceramic,Testbank 18 Aug:Von der Groeben 23 Aug:Düsseldorf 26 Aug:I-58 31 Aug:HMS Express,Volendam
193919401941 July 1940September 1940

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